Won Hyong-kyu;Jeong Jin-Hyun;Koo Kyo-Sang;Song Myung Hee;Shin Man Yong
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
/
v.7
no.2
/
pp.132-140
/
2005
This study was conducted to develop regional site index equations for main tree species in Gangwon, Gyunggi-Chungcheong, Gyungsang, and Jeolla area of Korea, using environmental and soil factors obtained from a digital forest site map. Using the large data set obtained from the digital forest map, a total of 28 environmental and soil factors were regressed on site index by tree species for developing the best site index equations for each of the regions. The selected main tree species were Larix 1eptolepis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Quercus acutissima. Finally, four to five environmental and soil factors by species were chosen as independent variables in defining the best regional site index equations with the highest coefficients of determination $(R^2)$. For those site index equations, three evaluation statistics such as mean difference, standard deviation of difference and standard error of difference were applied to the data sets independently collected from fields within the region. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the regional site index equations by species developed in this study conformed well to the independent data set, having relatively low bias and variation. It was concluded that the regional site index equations by species had sufficient capability for the estimation of site productivity.
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
/
v.18
no.4
/
pp.208-220
/
2016
Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation System (AMOS) is an important ingredient for several climatological and forest disaster prediction studies. In this study, we select the optimal sites for AMOS in the mountain areas of Honam and Jeju in order to prevent forest disasters such as forest fires and landslides. So, this study used spatial dataset such as national forest map, forest roads, hiking trails and 30m DEM(Digital Elevation Model) as well as forest risk map(forest fire and landslide), national AWS information to extract optimal site selection of AMOS. Technical methods for optimal site selection of the AMOS was the firstly used multifractal model, IDW interpolation, spatial redundancy for 2.5km AWS buffering analysis, and 200m buffering analysis by using ArcGIS. Secondly, optimal sites selected by spatial analysis were estimated site accessibility, observatory environment of solar power and wireless communication through field survey. The threshold score for the final selection of the sites have to be higher than 70 points in the field assessment. In the result, a total of 159 polygons in national forest map were extracted by the spatial analysis and a total of 64 secondary candidate sites were selected for the ridge and the top of the area using Google Earth. Finally, a total of 26 optimal sites were selected by quantitative assessment based on field survey. Our selection criteria will serve for the establishment of the AMOS network for the best observations of weather conditions in the national forests. The effective observation network may enhance the mountain weather observations, which leads to accurate prediction of forest disasters.
Park, Chan-Won;Sonn, Yeon-Kyu;Zhang, Yong-Seon;Hong, S.-Young;Hyun, Byung-Keun;Song, Kwan-Cheol;Ha, Sang-Keun;Moon, Young-Hee
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
/
v.43
no.6
/
pp.828-836
/
2010
This study was conducted to evaluate soil erosion risk with a standard unit watershed in the upper Han river basin using the spatial soil erosion map according to the change of landuse. The study area is 14,577 $km^2$, which consists of 10 subbasins, 107 standard unit watersheds. Total annual soil loss and soil loss per area estimated were $895{\times}10^4\;Mg\;yr^{-1}$ and 6.1 Mg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. A result of analysis with a subbasin as a unit showed that annual soil losses and soil loss per area in Namhan river basins was more than in Bukhan river ones. Predicted annual soil loss according to the landuse ranked as Forest & Grassland > Upland ${\gg}$ Urban & Fallow area > Paddy field > Orchard. Upland area covered 6.2% of the study area, but the contribution of total annul soil loss was 40.6% and that of Forest & Grassland was 44.2%. As a evaluation of soil erosion risk using the spatial soil erosion map, we could precisely conformed the potential hazardous region of soil erosion in each unit watersheds. The ratio of regions, graded as higher "Moderate" for annual soil loss, were respectively 8.7%, 7.9% and 7.8% in 1001, 1002 and 1003 subbasins in Namhan river basin. Most landuse of these area was upland, and these area is necessary to establish soil conservation practices to reduce soil erosion based on the field observation.
Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
/
v.9
no.2
/
pp.203-216
/
2003
The process of constructing coastal digital elevation model(DEM), for the 3 dimensional analysis, is composed by abstracting land layers for land elevation and water depth, reprojecting UTM, relocating geographical grid, and interpolating works. The geomorphic set of shallow sea, including tidal current, tidal zone deposition, and water depth distribution, was analyzed by eye search of Landsat TM image, masking of land zone, band combination and regression analysis. Some horizontal differences, between combined DEM and surveyed data of shallow sea, was corrected for analysis. Analyzed geomorphic elements are stream channel, alluvial fan, coastal terrace, tidal current. and shallow sea bank. Results of analysis present that transported fluvial materials influence tidal sedimentation, especially from Gahwacheon river, for the role of artificial draining flooding waters from Jinyang Reservoir, almost in the summer season. In the coastal area with less tidal current, more fine materials are deposited. The influence of currental deposition are higher on small pockets with west coast of well developed terraces. The lower skirt of alluvial fans developed into the tidal zone of shallow sea. Small pocket type bays are closed by coastal current, and less influenced from tidal deposition. The bank of Jinju Bay are developed originally from submerging of remnant erosional mountain ranges, and play on the role of trapping fine materials.
Kim, Su-Kyung;Kim, Nam-Shin;Cheong, Seokwan;Kim, Young-Hoon;Sung, Ha-Cheol;Park, Shi-Ryong
Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
/
v.11
no.1
/
pp.125-137
/
2008
This research aims to produce basic data for developing habitat suitability models on the breeding sites of Oriental White Storks(Ciconia boyciana) which will be reintroduced to the wild in the future. The habitat characteristics of ten historical nesting sites of the Oriental White Storks at Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces in South Korea were analyzed with 1970's land use maps and Landsat MSS. The range of altitude on nesting sites was 40~116.38m. The mean distance from nesting sites to rice fields, to 30m wider river, and to reservoirs was $54.8{\pm}84.48m$, $869.8{\pm}708.01m$, and $1721.2{\pm}906.05m$ respectively. Historical nesting sites were located close to human settlements, and the mean distance of nesting sites to human settlements was $144.1{\pm}182.97m$. The land types within 5km radius from ten historical nesting sites consisted of 53.7% forest, 28.3% rice fields, 16.7% grasslands, 0.8% water bodies, and 0.6% human settlements. The composition of four land types(forest, rice fields, grasslands, and human settlements) was significantly differed between 93 random points and 10 historical nesting sites.
This study suggested a novel approach of estimating the optimal probability density function (OPDF) of the annual maximum rainfall time series (AMRT) combining the L-moment ratio diagram and the geographical information system. This study also reported several interesting geographical characteristics of the AMRT in Korea. To achieve this purpose, this study determined the OPDF of the AMRT with the duration of 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hours using the method of L-moment ratio diagram for each of the 67 rain gages in Korea. Then, a map with the Thiessen polygons of the 67 rain gages colored differently according the different type of the OPDF, was produced to analyze the spatial trend of the OPDF. In addition, this study produced the color maps which show the fitness of a given probability density function to represent the AMRT. The study found that (1) both L-skewness and L-kurtosis of the AMRT have clear geographical trends, which means that the extreme rainfall events are highly influenced by geography; (2) the impact of the altitude on these two rainfall statistics is greater for the mountaneous region than for the non-mountaneous region. In the mountaneous region, the areas with higher altitude are more likely to experience the less-frequent and strong rainfall events than the areas with lower altitude; (3) The most representative OPDFs of Korea except for the Southern edge are Generalized Extreme Value distribution and the Generalized Logistic distribution. The AMRT of southern edge of Korea was best represented by the Generalized Pareto distribution.
Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.12-25
/
2011
It is needed to preserve good effects and to prevent bad influences on local climate in urban and environmental planning. This study seeks to develop climate analysis maps to provide realistic information considering local air temperature and wind flows. Quantitative analyses are conducted by CAS for the production, transportation, and stagnation of cold air, wind flow and thermal conditions by incorporating GIS analysis on land cover and elevation and meteorological analysis from MetPhoMod - a mesoscale weather model. The CAS helps The easier analysis and assessment of urban development on local climate. It will contribute to the better life of the people in cities by providing better understanding of the local climate to the urban space planners.
Objectives: In Korea, the system of management of medical waste largely relies on the incineration method. Our study aimed to identify any regional imbalances between the generation and treatment of medical waste, and provide reference data for future policy in Korea. Methods: We analyzed data on the amount of medical waste from 2,000 hospitals in 2012, 2013, and 2014 obtained from the Korea Environment Corporation. In the Arc GIS program (version 10.2.3), the addresses of hospitals and incinerators were transformed into map coordinates. The amount of waste generated by each hospital and the amount incinerated were represented by density and size of a triangle symbol, respectively. Results: As of 2014, the total amount of medical waste from the top 2,000 hospitals was 136,073 tons, out of which about half (49%) was generated in the capital area. Eleven incineration companies (three in the capital area, two in the Chungcheong Provinces area, one in the Jeolla Provinces area, and five in the Gyeongsang Provinces area) treated this waste. For the years 2012, 2013, and 2014, about 60% of the medical waste generated from the hospitals in the capital area was treated within the capital area and about 40% was transported to other areas, especially the Gyeongsang Provinces area, for treatment. On the other hand, about 90% of the medical waste incinerated in the capital area originated from the capital area. Conclusion: Our results suggest a spatial imbalance between the generation and treatment of medical waste in Korea and warrants multilateral policies, including the expansion of on-site treatment, strengthening regulation of the containment of medical wastes, promoting reductions in medical waste and more.
Kim, Hyungho;Kang, Hyeondeug;Kim, Rae Hyun;Kim, Cheol Min;Koh, Kwang Chul;Lee, Kyeong Hak
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
/
v.102
no.4
/
pp.608-616
/
2013
The objective of this study was to suggest contingent valuation method, simple random sampling method, systematic sampling method, maximum practice area method, and overlay practice area method as the estimation methods for forest management area to estimate carbon dioxide sink by forest management as stated in Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. A case study for Chungcheongbuk-do was performed using maximum practice area method which was thought of as the most rational method within MRV(Measurable, reportable and verifiable). The forest management ratio was defined as forest management area over the total forest area. Based on the definition of forest management activity, forest area was divided into practice forest land and non-practice forest land. The area of forest mangement for practices was based on the 'National Forest Management Information System' and the history of practices from the 'Proposals on Private Management Information Database'. The area of forest management for non-practices was based on the public used forest land from 'Categorial map of forest land'. It was shown that the forest management area of Chuncheongbuk-do was 115,566 ha for practice forest land, and 131,008 ha for non-practice forest land. The forest managent ratio was 49.7% of the total forest area of 495,806 ha. This study made possible to the estimation of the forest management ratio under Kyoto Protocol, and had an advantage in searching for a practical method of forest management plan in which the forest management ratio could be enhanced.
Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
/
v.46
no.5
/
pp.27-39
/
2004
In the first part of this study, five homogeneous regions in view of topographical and geographically homogeneous aspects except Jeju and Ulreung islands in Korea were accomplished by K-means clustering method. A total of 57 rain gauges were used for the regional frequency analysis with minimum rainfall series for the consecutive durations. Generalized Extreme Value distribution was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Drought rainfalls following the return periods were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using L-moments method. It was confirmed that the design drought rainfalls estimated by the regional frequency analysis were shown to be more appropriate than those by the at-site frequency analysis. In the second part of this study, LH-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distributions were accomplished to get optimal probability distribution. Design drought rainfalls were estimated by both at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments and GEV distribution, which was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Design rainfalls were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments, the observed and simulated data resulted from Monte Carlotechniques. Design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments (LH-moments) method have shown higher reliability than those of at-site frequency analysis in view of RRMSE (Relative Root-Mean-Square Error), RBIAS (Relative Bias) and RR (Relative Reduction) for the estimated design drought rainfalls. Relative efficiency were calculated for the judgment of relative merits and demerits for the design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments and L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments applied in the first report and second report of this study, respectively. Consequently, design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments were shown as more reliable than those using LH-moments. Finally, design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments, which was confirmed as a more reliable method through this study. Maps for the design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were accomplished by the method of inverse distance weight and Arc-View, which is one of GIS techniques.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.