• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the potential for clinical improvement in treating a patient with a case of Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness with a combination of Korean medicine therapy. We treated the patient with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, CHUNA manual therapy and Interferential Current Therapy from $5^{th}$ December 2016 to $13^{th}$ January 2017 (total 29 times) by evaluating knee function with VAS score. After six weeks of treatment, this patient achieved effective outcome following the technique, showing that clinical symptom as able to walked and pain was relieved, VAS changed from 10 to 2 and the knee flexion ROM (active/passive) changed from 30/60 degrees to 120/140 degrees. This result shows that Korean Medicine therapy may be an effective option for Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effect of Korean Medicine therapy on Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

Purpose : To describes the important aspects of knee joint movement and function used when applying PNF technique to the lower limb. Method : The knee was a very important roles in the lower limb movement and ambulation. This study summarizes the physiologic movement of knee to the PNF lower extremity patterns. Result : The tibiofemoral joint is usually described as a modified hinge joint with flexion-extension and axial rotation by two degrees of freedom movement. These arthrokinematics are a result of the geometry of the joints and the tension produced in the ligamentous structures. The patellofemoral joint is a sellar joint between the patella and the femur. Stability of the patellofemoral joint is dependent on the passive and dynamic restraints around the knee. In a normal knee the ligaments are inelastic and maintain a constant length as the knee flexes and extends, helping to control rolling, gliding and translation of the joint motions. Conclusions : It is important to remember that small alterations in joint alignment can result in significant alterations in patellofemoral joint stresses and that changes in the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint can also result in changes in the tibiofemoral compartments. Successful treatment requires the physical therapist to understand and apply these arthrokinematic concepts. When applied to PNF low extremity patterns, understanding of these mechanical concepts can maximize patient function while minimizing the risk for further symptoms or injury.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect that various loads have on the lower limb biomechanics. The following variables were measured and analyzed; performance time for each phase, lower limb moments and joint angles, and ground reaction forces. The kinematic and kinetic data was recorded by 2 force platforms and a motion capture system while 12 healthy adults in their twenties stepped down three steps under loads of 0%, 10%, 20% BW. Results are as follows. First, the different loading conditions did not seem to significantly affect the performance times and the joint angles. Second, the largest ground reaction forces were observed at the 1 step at the 10% BW condition. Finally, at the 0% BW loading condition the right hip extension moment was the smallest and the left hip flexion moment was the largest. The results show that there are not any significant changes in the biomechanics of the lower limbs under loading conditions up to 20% BW. Further investigations including more loading conditions with more weights and more additional steps analyzed are needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how different levels of compression exerted on the femoral region (known as the power zone) by coated fabric influences the activation and anaerobic capacity of the rectus femoris. Method: Three different levels of compression on the rectus femoris of the participants, namely 0% (normal condition), 9% (downsize), and 18% (downsize), were tested. The material of the fabric used in this study was nonfunctional polyurethane. Surface electromyography test was used to investigate the activation of the rectus femoris, while the isokinetic test (Cybex, $60^{\circ}/sec$) and Wingate test were used to investigate the maximum anaerobic power. Results: The different compression levels (0%, 9%, and 18%) did not improve the strength and anaerobic capacity of the knee extensor. However, knee flexor interfered with activation of the biceps femoris, which is an agonist for flexion, during 18% compression. Conclusion: Compression garments might improve the stretch shortening cycle effect at the time of eccentric contraction and during transition from eccentric to concentric contraction. Therefore, future studies are required to further investigate these findings.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.21-25
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• 1996

The Electomyographic (EMG) signals of flexor-extensor muscle pairs were investigated to identify the neural excitation pattern of low-back pain (LBP) patients during a repetitive bending motion. New parameters and EMG normalization technique were developed to quantitatively represent the difference of temporal EMG patterns between ten healthy subjects and ten LBP patients. Flexor-extensor muscle pairs such as rectus abdominis(RA)-erector spinae (ES at LS), external oblique(EO)-internal oblique(IO), rectus femois (quadriceps: QUD)-biceps femoris(hamstrings:HAM), and tibialis anterior(TA)-gastrocnemius(GAS) pairs of muscles were selected in this study. Results indicated that the temporal EMG pattern such as the peak timing difference of QUD-HAM muscle pair and the duration of coexcitation of ES-RA muscle pair showed a statistically isgnificant difference between healthy subjects and LBP patients. These results indicated that the new technique and parameters could be used as a diagnostic tool especially for LBP patients with soft tissue injuries that are rarely dentified by traditional imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT scan or MRI. Improtantly, the new EMG technique did not require the maximal volutary contraction(MVC) measure for normalization that helped patients minimize the pain experience during and after the session. Further study needs to be made to validate and refine this method for clinical application.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.728-735
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• 2022

Roofers get exposed to increased risk of knee musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at different phases of a sloped shingle installation task. As different phases are associated with different risk levels, this study explored the application of machine learning for automated classification of seven phases in a shingle installation task using knee kinematics and roof slope information. An optical motion capture system was used to collect knee kinematics data from nine subjects who mimicked shingle installation on a slope-adjustable wooden platform. Four features were used in building a phase classification model. They were three knee joint rotation angles (i.e., flexion, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation) of the subjects, and the roof slope at which they operated. Three ensemble machine learning algorithms (i.e., random forests, decision trees, and k-nearest neighbors) were used for training and prediction. The simulations indicate that the k-nearest neighbor classifier provided the best performance, with an overall accuracy of 92.62%, demonstrating the considerable potential of machine learning methods in detecting shingle installation phases from workers knee joint rotation and roof slope information. This knowledge, with further investigation, may facilitate knee MSD risk identification among roofers and intervention development.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on skin temperature, pain, muscle tone, and ROM after applying the massage robot "PIRO-ZERO" to 6 men and 4 women in their 20s who complained of non-specific pain in the shoulder or back for more than 12 weeks. As a result of the study, there was a significant increase in skin temperature not only in the area where the massage was applied, but also on the opposite side and throughout the body due to increased blood flow. Pain in the upper trapezius, rhomboid, and erector spinae muscle was decreased, and muscle tone in the erector spinae muscles was significantly decreased. There was a significant increase in ROM of neck and trunk flexion, which is thought to be because the massage reduced muscle tone around the spine, increasing flexibility. In the future, as the safety and effectiveness of massage robots are further verified and the pressure, speed, and path become more diverse, satisfaction is expected to increase.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide reference to functional level of sensory integration of in the low-grads school age, based on the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS) and to examine correlation between the function of sensory integration and academic achievement. Method : Two schools ("J" and "S") have been selected indiscriminately among 56 elementary schools located in Gimhae-si, GyeongNam and then one class from each school was voluntarily chosen among all second-grade classes of the schools. The total number of students in those two classes was 69 (34 boys and 35 girls). Subjects had no developmental problem and no history of referral regarding neurological conditions. Three skilled researchers administrated the COMPS together, and each researcher executed two sub-items of the COMPS. As result of the academic achievement, score data of midterm- and final-exam in the spring semester were collected. The scores of 'Korean language' and 'Math', common examination subjects in both schools, were utilized for data analysis in this study. Results : Statically, there was no significant correlation between the COMPS Weighted Scores and any academic achievements. In a dispersion graphic analysis, however, the total achievement showed significant negative-correlation with the area of 'Rapid Forearm Rotation' and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. In terms of the Math achievement, there are significant negative-correlation with rapid forearm rotation and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. Students with higher score of the Korean language showed a tendency to get higher Weighted Score and Minus Adjustment Score, and those with lower score of the Math showed a tendency to get higher COMPS scores in all area except the area of 'Supine Flexion'. There was a statically significant difference in the COMPS scores depend on the age among general characteristics. As student older, all COMPS scores, except those in the area of 'Slow Motion' and 'Supine Flexion, were higher. Conclusions : There is somehow reliable correlation between sensory integration function and academic achievement although no statistical significance found in this study. The information from this study may contribute to initiate developing a normative-reference to screen earlier and more alertly sensory integration dysfunctions for school-age children. Further study is recommended trying to find out more reliable matter regarding low grade- schooler's academic achievement.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the method of dynamic sonographic measurements in the evaluation of the MCL injury of the knee joint while applying valgus and varus stress. Materials and Methods: Seven cases of MCL injury from January to April of 2008 was used for the study. For the evaluation of the medial instability, sonography was used immediately after injury, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after conservative treatment with limited motion brace. The length between the foot of the medial femoral epicondyle and the most proximal point of the tibial cortex was measured in 30 degrees flexion with valgus and varus stress of the knee joint. Results: The foot of the medial epicondyle and the starting point of the proximal tibial cortex underneath the round portion of the articular cartilage were always able to be seen on ultrasonography, even in varus and valgus stress with gravity in 30 degrees flexion of the knee joint. The results of measurements were always constant. Conclusion: Sonography can be used in evaluation of medial instability under the dynamic valgus and varus stress of the knee joint without further injury.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2017

Conventional upper extremity rehabilitation paradigm after brain injury has several shortcomings that is monotonous, simple, and repetitive in exercises over a long period of time, thereby causing training efficiency to decline as a consequence of low interest and participation. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a new rehabilitative program integrating a wearable device integrated with EMG and motion sensor and a mobile game for the upper limbs' rehabilitative training. The developed wearable device is manufactured in the form of band, making it easy to wear. The mobile game is designed to enable rehabilitative training through games reflective of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction identified by motion sensors along with grasp motion recognized by EMG signals measured from the wearable device. It also provides a tailored rehabilitative environment suitable for individual patients based on difficulty adjustments. As a consequence of applying the developed program to 14 brain injury in need of the upper limb rehabilitation and taking surveys on the utility of the developed rehabilitative program, the responses indicated that the developed rehabilitative program is far much more interesting and fun than the conventional rehabilitative program, further to the desire of those surveyed to reuse the developed program in the future.