• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

공기에 의해 운반되는 바이오에어러졸은 농산물 오염을 널리 일으키는 원인으로 알려져 있다. 육안으로 보이지 않는 진균 포자는 버섯 재배 중에 버섯과 인간의 건강에 해를 끼치는 바이오에어로졸이다. 본 연구는 한국의 표고버섯 재배사 실내의 공기 중에 존재하는 진균의 농도 및 종 분포에 관한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 2015년과 2016년에 국내 6 개의 다른 지역에 위치한 13 개의 표고버섯 재배 농장에서 21 차례 실내공기로부터 진균 포자를 샘플링하고 분석하였다. 공기 중 진균 농도는 $1.30{\times}10^2-1.59{\times}10^4cfu/m^3$ 범위였다. 중요하게도 20 차례의 농장방문 시료 채취 결과에서 진균 농도가 환경부의 실내공기질 권장 기준 농도인 $500cfu/m^3$를 초과하였다. 총 450 균주의 진균이 분리되었으며 46 속 33 종으로 동정되었다. 이중에 인체 위해균(4 속 4 종)과 식물병원균(10 속 13 종)이 존재하였다. 또한, 버섯 건강에 영향을 미치는 해로운 종인 Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride 및 T. longibrachiatum가 21 건 시료 채취 중 17 건에서 빈도 높게 검출되었다. 본 결과는 버섯생산의 재배관리를 위해서 재배사 실내 공기질을 개선해야 한다는 증거를 제시하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2014

During an investigation of microorganisms and pests in plant culture media from imported anthurium pots, a fungal isolate (DUCC4002) was detected. Based on its morphological characters including colony shape on potato dextrose agar, the microstructures of spores observed by light and scanning electron microscopy and the results of phylogenetic analysis using an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence, the fungal isolate was identified as Myrothecium roridum. Pathogenicity testing on anthurium leaves revealed that the fungus could colonize and produce sporodochia on the inoculated leaves. This is the first report of M. roridum detected in imported plant culture medium in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

The genomic DNAs were extracted from roots of Glycine max and Sorghum bicolor, and compared with those from spores of two arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi, Glomus mosseae and Scutellospora heterogama. The partial small subunit(SSU) of ribosomal RNA genes were synthesized and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with the fungal specific primers, AM1 and NS31. By the recent molecular techniques, the presence of another AM fungal DNA were confirmed in the roots of two plants, and three sequences of rDNA fragments amplified were identified to be close to those of G. caledonium, G. fasiculatum and G. proliferum. The two AM fungi, both, were found to colonize at the cortical layers of plant roots collected in the fields, together.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.614-617
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• 1998

Anthracnose of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was found in the peanut cultivating fields in Iksan, Korea in September 1997. Infected plants showed irregularly circular water soaking brown lesions. In the severe case, leaves and stems were entirely died. The causal fungus of anthracnose isolated from the diseased plants was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and its teleomorph was Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Sch. according to the criteria based on the cultural and morphological characteristics. By arificial inoculation with fungal spores on healthy peanut, anthracnose symptom was observed 15 days after inoculation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

In 2009-2010, unusual symptoms were observed on Pleurotus eryngii grown in mushroom farms in Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea. One of the main symptoms was a cobweb-like growth of fungal mycelia over the surface of the mushroom. The colonies on the surface rapidly overwhelmed the mushrooms and developed several spores within 3-4 days. The colonized surface turned pale brown or yellow. The fruit body eventually turned dark brown and became rancid. Koch's postulates were completed by spraying and spotting using isolated strains. The phylogenetic tree obtained from the internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis showed that the isolated fungal pathogen corresponded to Cladobotryum mycophilum (99.5%). In the fungicide sensitivity tests, the $ED_{50}$ values for the isolate with respect to benomyl and carbendazim were from 0.29 to 0.31 ppm. Benzimidazole fungicides were most effective against C. mycophilum, a causal agent of cobweb disease in P. eryngii.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.556-562
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• 1994

전남 백운산 지역의 버섯류 분포상을 조사하기 위하여 1991년 7월 버섯을 채집한 결과 총 137종을 분류동정하였으며, 이중 한국미기록 종인, 종이꽃 낙엽버섯 Marasmius pulcherripes Peck ; 광양주름버섯 Agaricus purpurellus(Moller) Moller ; 멍게먹물버섯 Coprinus echinosporus Buller ; 검은산그물버섯 Xerocomus nigromaculatus Hongo ; 석류밤그물버섯 Boletellus shichianus(Teng & Ling) Teng ; 꼬마무당버섯 Russula kansaiensis Hongo의 6종을 동정하였다. 백운산지역의 버섯류 분포상을 규명하기 위하여 앞으로 조사를 더하여 보완 후 버섯목록은 보고하고자 한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2004

As Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which has long been used to transform plants, is known to transfer T-DNA to budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a variety of fungi were subjected to the A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation to improve their transformation frequency and feasibility. The A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, is performed in this study as the first example of transformation of a hardwood fungal pathogen. The transfer of the binary vector pBIN9-Hg, containing the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene under the control of the Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter and terminator, as a selectable marker, led to the selection of more than 1,000 stable, hygromycin B-resistant transformants per 1${\times}$10$\^$6/ conidia of C. parasitica. The putative transformants appeared to be mitotically stable. The transformation efficiency appears to depend on the bacterial strain, age of the bacteria cell culture and ratio of fungal spores to bacterial cells. PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that the marker gene was inserted at different chromosomal sites. Moreover, three transformants out of ten showed more than two hybridizing bands, suggesting more than two copies of the inserted marker gene are not uncommon.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2023

The nucleolus is the largest, membrane-less organelle within the nucleus of eukaryotic cell that plays a critical role in rRNA transcription and assembly of ribosomes. Recently, the nucleolus has been shown to be implicated in an array of processes including the formation of signal recognition particles and response to cellular stress. Such diverse functions of nucleolus are mediated by nucleolar proteins. In this study, we characterized a gene coding a putative protein containing a nucleolar localization sequence (NoLS) in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Phylogenetic and domain analysis suggested that the protein is orthologous to Rrp8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MoRRP8-GFP (translational fusion of MoRRP8 with green fluorescence protein) co-localizes with a nucleolar marker protein, MoNOP1 fused to red fluorescence protein (RFP), indicating that MoRRP8 is a nucleolar protein. Deletion of the MoRRP8 gene caused a reduction in vegetative growth and impinged largely on asexual sporulation. Although the asexual spores of DMorrp8 were morphologically indistinguishable from those of wild-type, they showed delay in germination and reduction in appressorium formation. Our pathogenicity assay revealed that the MoRRP8 is required for full virulence and growth within host plants. Taken together, these results suggest that nucleolar processes mediated by MoRRP8 is pivotal for fungal development and pathogenesis.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권1호통권76호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1996

균근균(Arbuseular Mycorrhizal fungi)의 생태조사가 토양오염과 관련하여 오염 지역과 비 오염 지역의 토양으로부터 실시되었다. 오염 지역인 온산의 총 32개 지역으로부터 채집된 포자의 평균 분포수는 토양 20g당 24.5회 수치였고, 관악산의 총 18개 지역으로부터 채집된 토양의 포자의 평균 분포수는 토양 20g당 4.1의 수치를 나타내었다. 비오염 지역인 충무의 총 30개 지역에서 채집된 토양의 포자의 평균 분포수는 토양 20g당 24.5의 수치였고, 중왕산의 14개 지역의 토양에서 포자의 평균 분포수는 토양 20g당 16.5의 수치를 나타내었다. 채집된 포자는 Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora 그리고 Scutellospora속으로 분류되었고, 그 중에서 Glomus는 온산, 충무 및 중왕산 지역의 토양에서 가장 높은 분포수를 나타낸 반면 Gigaspora는 관악산 지역의 토양에서 가장 높았다. 토양수분 함량은 오염 지역의 토양에서 평균 12.9%인 반면, 비오염 지역에서는 평균 16.4%였고, 토양 유기물의 함량은 오염 지역의 토양에서 평균 5.6%였던 반면, 비오염 지역에서는 평균 8.3%였으며, 토양의 산도는 오염 지역과 비오염 지역에서 각각 pH 4.3과 PH 6.7을 나타내어 오염 지역의 토양은 비오염 지역의 토양보다 토양산도에 있어서 강산성의 특징을 나타낼 뿐 아니라 토양수분과 유기물의 함량에서도 비오염 지역의 토양보다 낮았다. 생태학적 기준에 의한 종의 풍부도 및 종의 다양도의 결과는 오염 지역과 비오염 지역 사이에서 유의성(p<0.05)을 나타냈다. Glomus 및 Gigaspora속의 포자밀도는 3부류의 식생지역으로 나누어진 토양에서 유의성 (p<0.05)을 갖고 있었으며, 종의 균등도 및 종의 다양도의 결과도 역시 유의성(p<0.05)을 나타내었다. 전체 94개 토양으로부터 조사된 토양수분과 유기물의 함량 사이에 정의 상관$(r^2=0.38)$을 나타내었다. 토양의 유기물 함량과 전체 포자수의 사이에 정의 상관$(r^2=0.22)$을 나타냄에 따라 균근균의 포자는 토양의 유기물이 높아짐에 비례하여 증가하는 경향이었으며, 종의 풍부도 및 종의 다양도는 토양의 산도와 전체 포자수가 토양 속에서 증가함에 비례하여 높아지는 경향이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2008

In the course of in vitro and in vivo screening for bioherbicidal agents, a hyphomycete fungus, Myrothecium sp. F0252 was selected as a candidate for the biocontrol of weeds. The isolate was identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex. Fries based on the morphological characteristics and 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis and registered as Myrothecium roridum F0252. In order to evaluate the in vitro effect of M. roridum F0252 on germination of ladino clover and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds, spore solution of the fungus was employed in two concentrations, $6.5{\times}10^6$ and $2.5{\times}10^7$ spores per mL and then inoculated to the seeds. The fungal spores inhibited the seed germination, infected the seedlings, and caused an abnormal withering and inhibition of seedling growth. In addition, when the herbicidal activity of crude ethyl acetate extract from the liquid culture was assessed on a mini-plant, duck-weed (Lemna paucicostata (L.) Hegelm.), the extract showed high inhibitory effect at the level of $12.5{\mu}g$ per mL. On the other hand, in vivo herbicidal activity of M. roridum F0252 was evaluated by a whole plant spray method. M. roridum F0252 exhibited strong and broad-spectrum herbicidal activity. The herbicidal values ranged from 95-100% against 7 weeds, including Abutilon avicennae and Xanthium strumarium, and 70-80% against Digitaria sanguinalis and Sagittaria pygmaea. When the nutritional utilization (95 carbon sources) pattern of M. roridum F0252 was investigated, it varied with water activity ($a_w$) and temperature conditions, supplying good, basic information in regard to nutritional utilization for proper cultivation and formulation. Our results showed that M. roridum F0252 might be used as a potential biocontrol agent against weedy plants.