The Korean Journal of Mycology (한국균학회지)

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
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Analysis of Fungal Concentration and Species Present as Bio-aerosols in Oak Mushroom Cultivation Houses

국내 표고버섯 재배사에 바이오에어로졸로서 분포하는 진균의 농도와 종 분석

  • 김성환 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 김지은 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 김준영 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.02
  • Accepted : 2018.11.19
  • Published : 2018.12.01
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Abstract

Bio-aerosols transported by the air have been considered as the major source of dispersal agents that contaminate agricultural products. Unseen fungal spores are known sources of bio-aerosols that harm mushroom and human health during mushroom cultivation. This study was conducted to obtain basic data on the concentration and species distribution of fungi present in the indoor air of oak mushroom cultivation houses in Korea. In 2015 and 2016, we sampled and analyzed indoor airborne fungal spores 21 times from 13 oak mushroom cultivation farms located in six different provinces. The concentration of airborne fungi ranged from $1.30{\times}10^2$ to $1.59{\times}10^4cfu/m^3$. Surprisingly, in 20 sampling cases, the fungal concentration exceeded $500cfu/m^3$, which is recommended as the indoor air quality standard by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. A total of 450 fungi were isolated and identified to belong to 33 genera and 46 species. Among the identified fungi, human pathogens (4 genera and 4 species) and plant pathogens (10 genera and 13 species) were present. In addition, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which are detrimental species that affect mushroom health, were found 17 out of 21 sampling times. Our results provide evidence that indoor air quality should be improved for better management of mushroom cultivation houses.

공기에 의해 운반되는 바이오에어러졸은 농산물 오염을 널리 일으키는 원인으로 알려져 있다. 육안으로 보이지 않는 진균 포자는 버섯 재배 중에 버섯과 인간의 건강에 해를 끼치는 바이오에어로졸이다. 본 연구는 한국의 표고버섯 재배사 실내의 공기 중에 존재하는 진균의 농도 및 종 분포에 관한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 2015년과 2016년에 국내 6 개의 다른 지역에 위치한 13 개의 표고버섯 재배 농장에서 21 차례 실내공기로부터 진균 포자를 샘플링하고 분석하였다. 공기 중 진균 농도는 $1.30{\times}10^2-1.59{\times}10^4cfu/m^3$ 범위였다. 중요하게도 20 차례의 농장방문 시료 채취 결과에서 진균 농도가 환경부의 실내공기질 권장 기준 농도인 $500cfu/m^3$를 초과하였다. 총 450 균주의 진균이 분리되었으며 46 속 33 종으로 동정되었다. 이중에 인체 위해균(4 속 4 종)과 식물병원균(10 속 13 종)이 존재하였다. 또한, 버섯 건강에 영향을 미치는 해로운 종인 Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride 및 T. longibrachiatum가 21 건 시료 채취 중 17 건에서 빈도 높게 검출되었다. 본 결과는 버섯생산의 재배관리를 위해서 재배사 실내 공기질을 개선해야 한다는 증거를 제시하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Photos of the colonies of isolated fungi. A, Alternaria alternata; B, Arthrinium arundinis; C, Arthrinium sacharicola; D, Aspergillus fumigatus; E, Bjerkandera adusta; F, Botrytis cinerea; G, Byssochlamys spectabilis; H, Cenangium sp.; I, Ceriporia lacerata; J, Cladosporium cladosporioides; K, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; L, Colletotrichum liriopes; M, Coprinellus xanthothrix; N, Epicoccum nigrum; O, Fusarium fujikuroi; P, Fusarium incarnatum; Q, Fusarium proliferatum; R, Hericium alpestre; S, Hypholoma fasciculare; T, Lecanicillium psalliotae; U, Letendraea helminthicola; V, Metarhizium sp.; W, Mucor nidicola; X, Mucor racemosus; Y, Mycosphaerella tassiana; Z, Myrmecridium schulzeri; AA, Myrothecium gramineum; AB, Neopestalotiopsis sp.; AC, Nigrospora oryzae; AD, Paraconiothyrium brasiliense; AE, Penicillium brevicompactum; AF, Penicillium glabrum; AG, Penicillium multicolor; AH, Penicillium ochrochloron; AI, Penicillium qii; AJ, Penicillium raistrickii; AK, Periconia byssoides; AL, Periconia sp.; AM, Phomopsis vaccinia; AN, Pseudocercosporella fraxini; AO, Rhizopus microspores; AP, Sarocladium strictum; AQ, Trametes versicolor; AR, Trichoderma atroviride; AS, Trichoderma harzianum; AT, Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

Table 1. Temperature, humidity, fungal concentration in the indoor air of greenhouses for oak mushroom cultivation investigated in 2015 and 2016

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Table 2. List of the fungal species isolated and identifed from the indoor air of oak mushroom cultivation houses in 2015 and 2016

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Table 2. Continued

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