• 제목/요약/키워드: Fundamental results

검색결과 5,343건 처리시간 0.03초

기상 후 시간에 따른 음도 변화에 대한 연구 (A Research on Time-Dependent Fundamental Frequency Variations after Waking up in the Morning)

  • 안종복;남현욱;정옥란
    • 음성과학
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2008
  • This study was intended to analyze difference of vocal folds movements between upon wakeup and in several hours later in the morning. The difference of vocal fold movements was compared with fundamental frequency and a range of fundamental frequencies from maximum to minimum. The participants were 30 female adults between 20 and 29 years old. Voice samples were collected from their reading sentence (Jeong, 1993). The first sampling was conducted within 5 minutes after wakeup, while the second on 1 hour after the first sampling. Finally, the third voice sample was collected on 6 hours after the second sampling. The results of this study were as follows: First, fundamental frequency of the participants were by hour significantly time-dependent(F=7.843). Post-hoc multiple comparison (LSD) was conducted to determine when the difference could be observed. The result showed significant differences between upon wakeup and 6 hours later (p< .001) and between 1 hour later and 6 hours later (p< .05). Second, there were a significantly time-dependent ranges of fundamental frequencies of participants by hour (F=3.130). According to the results of the LSD analysis the significant differences in range of fundamental frequencies were found between upon wakeup and 1 hour later and also between wakeup and 6 hours later (p< .05). The results above indicate that vocal fold movements upon wakeup is different from those of several hours later.

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TOPICS ON FUNDAMENTAL TOPOLOGICAL ALGEBRAS

  • ANSARI-PIRI, E.
    • 호남수학학술지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2001
  • A class of topological algebras, which we call it a fundamental one, has already been introduced to generalize the locally bounded and locally convex algebras. To prove the basic theorems on fundamental algebras, the first successful step is the new version of the Cohen factorization theorem. Here we recall it and prove some new results on fundamental topological algebras.

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Analysis of lenticular 3D liquid crystal displays using 3D pixel simulator

  • Kim, Hwi;Jung, Kyoung-Ho;Yun, Hae-Young;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Kim, Hee-Sub;Shin, Sung-Tae
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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    • pp.443-446
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, an accurate ray-tracing based visual analysis method of lenticular 3D liquid liquid crystal display (LCDs) and some analysis results are presented. In the developed method, the geometric optics analysis is performed on the single 3D unit pixel of 3D lenticular LCD. It is shown that the display characteristics of 3D lenticular LCD panels of arbitrary size can be evaluated through the 3D unit pixel analysis. The analysis results of a few representative structures of 3D lenticular LCDs are compared.

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초등학교 3학년 학생의 기초수학 능력과 읽기 능력의 상관 분석 (An analysis of the correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability of the elementary 3rd graders)

  • 이봉주
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to extract some suggestions in developing the elementary students' abilities to solve the fundamental mathematical problems by analyzing the degree of the correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability of the elementary 3th graders. In order to achieve this goal, this article analyzed the correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability on the basis of the studying result about the diagnostic evaluation conducted on 20,556 elementary 3th graders by the KICE as a national level basic scholastic achievement evaluation. The coefficient of correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability was .621. As such, it shows that the reading capability plays an important role in solving the fundamental mathematical problems. Particularly, the coefficient of correlation between the corollary arguments and the problem solving ability and the reading capability was the highest among the sub-capabilities of fundamental mathematical capability. In addition, judging from the result that the coefficient of correlation between the practical understanding capability and the solving capability of the fundamental mathematical problems was .528, it informs that the practical understanding capability takes an' important part in developing the fundamental mathematical capability of the elementary students. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the understanding capability plays the very important role in solving the fundamental mathematical problems. In particular, the results suggest that it is necessary that the pupils should be simultaneously supported not only by the capability of the mathematical basis, but also by the reading capability, especially the practical understanding capability about the problems, in order to develop the capability to solve the fundamental mathematical problems.

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A NOTE ON FUZZY HV-SUBMODULES

  • Davvaz, B.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제11권1_2호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this paper is to present certain results arising from product between fuzzy $H_{v}$-submodules. In particular, we consider the fundamental relation $\varepsilon$* defined on an $H_{v}$-module and give a property of the fundamental relations and fundamental modules with respect to the fuzzy product of $H_{v}$-modules.

3D simulation of railway bridges for estimating fundamental frequency using geometrical and mechanical properties

  • Moazam, Adel Mahmoudi;Hasani, Nemat;Yazdani, Mahdi
    • Advances in Computational Design
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.257-271
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    • 2017
  • There are many plain concrete arch bridges in Iran that have been used as railway bridges for more than seventy years. Owe to the fact that these bridges have not been designed seismically, and even may be loaded under high-speed trains, evaluation of fundamental frequencies of the bridges against earthquake and high-speed train vibrations is necessary for considering dynamics effects. To evaluate complex behavior of these bridges, results of field tests are useful. Since it is not possible to perform field tests for all arch bridges, these structures should be simulated correctly by computers for structural assessment. Several parameters are employed to describe the bridges, such as number of spans, length of spans, geometrical and material properties. In this study, results of field tests are used for modal analysis and adapted for 64 three dimensional finite element models with various physical parameters. Computer simulations show length of spans has important effect on fundamental frequencies of plain concrete arch bridge and modal deformations of bridges is in longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, these results demonstrate that fundamental frequencies of bridges decrease after increasing span length and number of spans. Plus, some relations based in the number of spans (n) and span length (l) are proposed for calculation of fundamental frequencies of plain concrete arch bridge.

Unified calculation model for the longitudinal fundamental frequency of continuous rigid frame bridge

  • Zhou, Yongjun;Zhao, Yu;Liu, Jiang;Jing, Yuan
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제77권3호
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    • pp.343-354
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    • 2021
  • The frequencies formulas of the bridge are of great importance in the design process since these formulas provide insight dynamic characteristics of the structure, which guides the designers to parametric analyses and the layout of the bridge in conceptual or preliminary design. Continuous rigid frame bridge is popular in the mountainous area. Mostly, this type of bridge was simplified either as a girder or cantilever when calculating the frequency, however, studies showed that the different configuration of the bridge made the problem more complex, and there is no unified fundamental calculation pattern for this kind of bridge. In this study, an empirical frequency equation is proposed as a function of pier's height, stiffness of pier and the weight of the structure. A unified fundamental frequency formula is presented based on the energy principle, then the typical continuous rigid frame bridge is investigated by finite element method (FEM) to study the dynamic characteristics of the structure, and then several key parameters are investigated on the effect of structural frequency. These parameters include the number, position and stiffness of the tie beam. Nonlinear regression analyses are conducted with a comprehensive statistical study from plenty of engineering structures. Finally, the proposed frequency equation is validated by field test results. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the continuous rigid frame bridge increases more than 15% when the tie beams are set, and it increases with the stiffness ratio of tie beam to pier. The results also show that the presented unified fundamental frequency has an error of 4.6% compared with the measured results. The investigation can predicate the approximate longitudinal fundamental frequency of continuous ridged frame bridge, which can provide reference for the seismic response and dynamic impact factor design of the pier.

간호대학생들의 기본간호실습태도에 대한 주관성 연구 (An Inquiry into Subjectivity of Fundamental Nursing Practice Attitude)

  • 한경순;박은희;조주연
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.682-693
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    • 2000
  • The study was designed to identify the attitude of nursing students to fundamental nursing practice through Q-methodology. A Q sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Forty statements made up the finalized Q-sample. The P sample consisted of 25 nursing students in S College. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the 25 subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sort by each subject was coded and analyzed with QUANL PC Program. The analysis discovered three major attitudes, namely "type 1: passive demand", "type 2: active self-confidence", "type 3: practical application". The correlation was .213 between type 1 and 2, .409 between type 1 and 3, .379 between t ype 2 and 3. The results revealed three different types of fundamental nursing practice attitude; 1) Passive demand type: they were not satisfied with fundamental nursing practice time, the number of persons, practice machines. They presented anxiety and worry through fundamental nursing practice. Therefore, they will presenta passive attitude of clinical practice experience. 2) Active self-confidence type: they experienced pride as a nursing student and fascination as a nurse was an acquired recognition. 3) Practical application type: they practiced that fundamental nursing skill was applied their family and oneself. Therefore they had tension through initial fundamental nursing practice but they gained self-confidence and interest through practical study. In conclusion, the researchers suggest that the education program would be more effective if it was planned considering to each types of attitude of nursing students for fundamental nursing practicer fundamental nursing practice

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청력수준에 따른 초등학교 아동의 기본주파수 비교 (The Comparison of Fundamental Frequencies of Children with Different Hearing Level)

  • 윤미선
    • 대한음성학회지:말소리
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    • 제52호
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    • pp.49-60
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of hearing level on fundamental frequencies in children. Participants totaled sixty children divided by three groups: congenitally deafened children with cochlear implantation(CI), congenitally deafened children with hearing aids(HA), and children with normal hearing(NH). Fundamental frequencies were measured during the sustained phonation of a vowel /a/. There was statistically significant difference of fundamental frequencies across the groups(p<.01). In post hoc analysis, HA and NH group showed statistically significant difference, but CI group didn't showed significant differences with two groups. In correlation analysis between F0 and the chronological age, there were significant negative tendencies in CI and NH group, but not in HA group. The characteristics of fundamental frequency in CI group were found similar to NH group than HA group in this study. Therefore the results of this study suggest that the hearing level is one of the influencing factors to the fundamental frequency of children.

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점, 선분, 각에 대한 초등교사의 인식분석에 따른 내용학적 고찰 (A Study on the Content Knowledge via Analysis of Elementary Teachers' Cognition about Fundamental Figures(point, line segment, angle))

  • 최근배;김해규;김대진
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.27-40
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the viewpoint dealing with the fundamental figures-point, line segment, and angle-of elementary school teachers. In fact, our main subjects in this article are as follows; how do elementary school teachers deal with the fundamental figures?, what is the general notion about the fundamental figures of elementary school teachers? Our such subjects come from the survey results about the 'fundamental figures in J. A. Ko(2009); the elementary school students have a tendency to regard the fundamental figures as not mathematical figures. In this article, we discuss mainly the meta-cognitive shift in the transform of notion, for example, from 'congruent' concept to 'equal' concept, about the fundamental figures.