• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation of linear algebra and arises in many areas of science and engineering. This paper introduces an efficient parallel matrix multiplication scheme on N ${\times}$ N mesh-connected SIMD array processor, called multiple hierarchical SIMD architecture (HMSA). The architectural characteristic of HMSA is the hierarchically structured control units which consist of a global control unit, N local control units configured diagonally, and $N^2$ processing elements (PEs) arranged in an N ${\times}$ N array. PEs are communicating through local buses connecting four adjacent neighbor PEs in mesh-torus networks and global buses running across the rows and columns called horizontal buses and vertical buses, respectively. This architecture enables HMSA to have the features of diagonally indexed concurrent broadcast and the accessibility to either rows (row control mode) or columns (column control mode) of 2D array PEs alternately. An algorithmic mapping method is used for performance evaluation by mapping matrix multiplication on the proposed architecture. The asymptotic time complexities of them are evaluated and the result shows that paralle matrix multiplication on HMSA can provide significant performance improvement.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

As a result of supply-oriented housing policy of Korea since the 1960s, the number of apartment housing units has increased up to six million as of the end of 2001 that is 55% of total housing units. Although the needs of placid living environment increases according to the enhancement of residents' living standard, most of construction firms as apartment suppliers plan and design apartment buildings to maximize the profit and give rise the residents' petitions and troubles about floor impact noise. In consequence, the floor impact noise becomes one of principal problems of living environment, and the government placed the obligation of installing the noise isolation materials between upper and lower floors in 2001 and controlling the floor impact noise lower than 60dB from the middle of 2004. In other to provide the fundamental research data to enhance the reduction performance of floor impact sound, in this paper, the factors that influence on the floor impact noise are derived from the survey of many research papers and the performance of various materials used as noise reduction objects are compared and surveyed with the factors in the experiments in field and laboratory.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.144-158
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• 2014

National Competency Standards(NCS) is to systemize the competency that is necessary for performing duties in industrial fields and to utilize synthetically duty, vocational education training, and qualification at the national level. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of NCS development and verification, which systemizes competency units and competency unit elements through the analysis of duty in pattern field. It is to cultivate competent people to be able to promote the development of pattern industry ultimately through being a complementary to educational circles and industry then to give them practical knowledge that is demanded in the field. Furthermore, it is to be utilized as a fundamental data for reforming the system of duty competency evaluation so as to manage personnel career systematically and to improve their competency. Focus Group Interview(FGI) was adapted as the method of this study, which was proceeded 3 times, and validity of the drawn result is verified through expert questionnaire survey. Research result, which is competency units, is 10 as follows; Fit trend analysis, Analysis of sample garment Specification sheet, Pattern making for sample garment, Pattern making for manufacturing garment, Creation of sewing specification, Instruction of manufacturing technique, Sample garment Inspection for quality control, Grading, Calculation of the required material quantities, Quality control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-51
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to suggest basic natural park planning guidelines which have to be considered before conservation plan. For this purpose, land potentiality was analyzed in the regional context. Natural parks in Tokyo Province were chosen as study areas because park systems in Japan and Korea are similar and lots of information are available in Japan. Land capabilities of study areas were analyzed, then the results were utilized to discuss how the natural parks. Land potentiality was analyzed by the degree of location quotient of land use allowance in homogeneous bio-physical land units, then comprehensive potentiality of bio-physical land units was revealed from existing and historical land use allowance. These 2 allowances, also, were utilized to find the limit of land use intensity, and the results were used for qualitative identification of the land potentiality and the land capability. As a results, the land use allowance and characteristics of 6 groups were identified as shown in Table 3 and Figure 6. Qualitative analysis of land potentiality in this study enabled to disscus the conservation and/or preservation of natural parks, based upon elements of land, and the guidelines of natural park conservation policy were suggested from the characteristics of land potentiality and regional relationship. This discussed land potentiality, and existing natural resources which were stressed from conservational view point need to be combined for comprhensive understanding of land resources.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2024

Purpose : This study sought to investigate novice nurses' communication education needs in the intensive care unit (ICU) using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and Borich's need assessment model. This study identified communication challenges in clinical settings to develop a simulation program that enhances communication competencies based on educational requirements. Methods : A descriptive research design and a self-report questionnaire were used. The latter was developed and administered to 121 novice nurses with less than one year of experience in the ICU at various university hospitals in Korea. Data were collected via the online open chatroom from June 24th to July 28th, 2023. The communication education needs were identified using descriptive statistics, t-tests, IPA, and Borich's needs assessment model. Text analysis was used to categorize the participants' communication experience. Results : The results revealed that "communication with physicians," "communication with patients," and "communication with nurse on another shift" domains contained the most substantial educational needs for novice nurses working in the intensive care units. Conclusion : The results provide fundamental data for developing and enhancing customized communication education programs for novice ICU nurses. This valuable information could help ICU nurses and educators improve new nurses' communication skills, which would ultimately contribute to the advancement of nursing education and clinical practice.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2018

The randomness and incipient nature of certain faults in reactor systems warrant a robust and dynamic detection mechanism. Existing models and methods for fault diagnosis using different mathematical/statistical inferences lack incipient and novel faults detection capability. To this end, we propose a fault diagnosis method that utilizes the flexibility of data-driven Support Vector Machine (SVM) for component-level fault diagnosis. The technique integrates separately-built, separately-trained, specialized SVM modules capable of component-level fault diagnosis into a coherent intelligent system, with each SVM module monitoring sub-units of the reactor coolant system. To evaluate the model, marginal faults selected from the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are simulated in the steam generator and pressure boundary of the Chinese CNP300 PWR (Qinshan I NPP) reactor coolant system, using a best-estimate thermal-hydraulic code, RELAP5/SCDAP Mod4.0. Multiclass SVM model is trained with component level parameters that represent the steady state and selected faults in the components. For optimization purposes, we considered and compared the performances of different multiclass models in MATLAB, using different coding matrices, as well as different kernel functions on the representative data derived from the simulation of Qinshan I NPP. An optimum predictive model - the Error Correcting Output Code (ECOC) with TenaryComplete coding matrix - was obtained from experiments, and utilized to diagnose the incipient faults. Some of the important diagnostic results and heuristic model evaluation methods are presented in this paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.1036-1044
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• 2023

The combination of MCNP6 and the FISPACT codes was used to predict inventories of radioisotopes produced by neutron exposure of a sample in a research reactor. The detailed MCNP6 model of the Budapest Research Reactor and the specific irradiation geometry of the NAA channel was established, while realistic material cards were specified based on concentrations measured by PGAA and NAA, considering the precursor elements of all significant radioisotopes. The energy- and spatial distributions of the neutron field calculated by MCNP6 were transferred to FISPACT, and the resulting activities were validated against those measured using neutron-irradiated small and bulky targets. This approach is general enough to handle different target materials, shapes, and irradiation conditions. A general agreement within 10% has been achieved. Moreover, the method can also be made applicable to predict the activation properties of the near-vessel concrete of existing nuclear installations or assist in the optimal construction of new nuclear power plant units.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.718-724
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• 2008

In order to classify diseases of oriental medicine in liaison with International Classification of Diseases, there should be intermediation and sharing concepts between the two in addition to proper classification. Classification units were settled for differentiation of diseases or syndromes first. And second, the standard forms of disease classification system were proposed. Third, this classification system was made of serial groupings of syndrome under the traditional disease name. Fourth, the location of disease and the interrelation between different syndromes were depicted with diagram in order to define more clearly. As the results and conclusion, The classification units were composed of 2 categories; topology, organ, meridian, somatic structure, body fluid units for description and various regulatory unit terms of western and traditional medicine for explanation. The mixed classification model of western diseases and traditional syndromes(證) was adopted as a fundamental classification system containing disease by exterior pathogen, systemic internal diseases, psychoneuronal diseases, metabolic diseases, diseases of sense organs, supportive structure diseases, obstetric-gynecology diseases, child diseases, 4-type constitutional diseases. And those were differentiated with generalized, localized, functional, oncogenic, environmental features in detail. The cause, site, condition, dispositions must be expressed in each disease name too. The types of diagnosis using classification system are principal and final diagnosis, principal procedure, main conditions, and these are applied to this Korean classification system equally. For more clarification of differentiation, a plane topological map and three dimensional coordinates were proposed to manifest the location, features and relation of disease itself or each other.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the results of the analysis on space utilization of kidney dialysis units in regional public hospitals, which plays a key role in local public medical services. The result aims to achieve safety from infection, allow comfort for the dialysis environment, and stability for medical support. The purpose of this study is to present fundamental data for architectural plans for the kidney dialysis unit, as well as to alleviate potential infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Methods: For research purposes, the investigation and analysis of space utilization were based on architectural floor plans, research papers and literature, related legal systems, and public statistics. Of the main 35 regional public hospitals, in regards to data accessibility, 15 facilities were selected to conduct the survey and analysis for the objective. Results: The space composition by area research results of kidney dialysis units in public hospitals are as follows: Firstly, most targets do not have required rooms in the access and support area, except for the hemodialysis beds in the treatment section. Secondly, the access area requires necessary room and space design that took into consideration of convenience and accessibility for patients. Thirdly, in regards to infection prevention and control, proper circulation and room plan is essential for storage and disposal of contaminated products and linen after use. For the treatment area, the arrangement plan needs to establish a visual connection between the isolation room, the nursing station, and the bed area. Additionally, consideration of circulation in the preparation, treatment, observation, examination, and all other rooms in the facility is required. Lastly, for the support area, the room is designed to consider adequate working and meeting spaces for the medical staff, consultation space for patients or guardians, separate storage and disposal of clean and contaminated items, and the storage of various equipment for dialysis. Implications: In preparation for the increase in chronic kidney failure patients and the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, the researched data demonstrates the basic guidelines for space composition of kidney dialysis units and the significant role of regional public hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the recent status and changes in impervious surface areas and their ratios across regions in Gyeongsangnam-do, providing fundamental data for regional development and impervious surface management. Based on the 'Guidelines for Calculating Water Cycle Management Indicators for Nonpoint Pollution Source Control(Ministry of Environment)', we processed the land characteristics survey map(shapefile) from 2018 and 2022 to analyze impervious surface area and their rates by administrative boundaries. The impervious surface area in Gyeongsangnam-do increased from 75,652 ha in 2018 to 81,055 ha in 2022, with the rate rising by 0.51% from 7.18% to 7.69%. The average of impervious surface area across 545 eupmyeon units expanded by approximately 9 ha, from 139.8 ha in 2018 to 148.8 ha in 2022, with the rate increasing by 0.71%. Concurrently, the whole population declined by 2.8% while the number of households surged by 6.4%, correlating with the growth in impervious areas. Despite population decreases, factors such as population migration, increased household fragmentation, new residential developments, and industrial facility expansions have consistently contributed to the rise in impervious surface area. Notably, even in areas with high impervious surface area rate, significant disparities existed between urbanized areas and predominantly rural regions. Furthermore, about 333 units(61% of the whole eupmyeons), showed negligible changes in their impervious surface area rate, with an increase of less than 0.5%.