• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.836-844
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• 2020

A very large number of pixels is required to generate a computer generated hologram (CGH) with a large-size and wide viewing angle equivalent to that of an analog hologram, which incurs a very large amount of computation. For this reason, a high-performance computing device and long computation time were required to generate high-definition CGH. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a technique for generating high-definition CGH by arraying the pre-calculated low-definition CGH and multiplying the appropriately-shifted concave lens function. Using the proposed technique, 0.1 Gigapixel CGH recorded by the point cloud method can be used to calculate 2.5 Gigapixels CGH at a very high speed, and the recorded hologram image was successfully reconstructed through the experiment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2009

Depending on the definition used, between 3% and 10% of live neonates are small for gestational age (SGA). The definition of SGA requires the following: (1) accurate knowledge of gestational age; (2) accurate measurements at birth of weight, length, and head circumference; (3) a cutoff, which has been variably set at the 10th percentile, 3rd percentile, or at less than 2 standard deviation from the mean, and (4) race and ethnicity-specific growth curve. Consensus statements are needed on the management of growth hormone therapy in SGA children, as well as treatment and long-term health outcomes such as impaired cognitive function, increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

Kidney and liver are the major organs of metabolism and excretion of drugs. Renal and Hepatic impairment may affect the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and the safety of drugs. Adjusting the dosage based on organ function is the essential role of pharmacists. However, differences have been noted on the recommended dosage among the literatures. We compared and analyzed the recommendations of 4 literature sources which are commonly used for dosage adjustment. From April, 2011 to August, 2011, we selected data on recommendations for dosage adjustment for impaired renal and hepatic function of 100 drugs through a protocol. We analyzed the definition terms of renal and hepatic impairment, recommendations for dosage adjustment, evidenced references in four literature sources: Korean National Formulary (KNF), American Hospital Formulary System Drug Information (AHFS), Micromedex (MM) and Drug Prescribing of Renal Failure (DPRF). We further examined the data homogeneity by comparing how drugs that required no adjustment according to one source were categorized by the other. Sources use different definition terms among themselves except DRPF. Presence or absence of evidenced references about renal/hepatic functional states are KNF (0%/0%), AHFS (78%/62.6%), MM (87.5%/65.6%) and DPRF (93.2%/no recommendation) respectively. Recommendations of specific dosage and dosing interval are KNF (24%/13%), AHFS (39.6%/12.1%), MM (50%/17.7%), and DPRF (55.4%/no recommendation) respectively. Regarding the data homogeneity, the differences were remarkable. Drugs with no adjustment according to AHFS were categorized to be adjusted/ contraindicated by KNF, MM, DPRF and the values were (44%/5.6%), (22%/0%), and (36%/0%) in renal function, (39%/6.5%), (19%/3.2%), and (no recommendation/no recommendation) in hepatic function respectively. Our study shows remarkable definite variation in definitions and recommendations about definition terms, information of dosage and interval, presence or absence of evidenced references. Especially for KNF, quantitative recommendations on dosages and dosing intervals should be made in the near future. To maximize the drug effect and safety and to minimize the heterogeneity of the literature sources, reviewing at least two sources are suggested when recommending the proper dosage adjustment based on organ function.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2001

Recently, XML is emerging as a web document standard and researches on storing and querying XML documents using existing RDBMS are actively in progress. In this paper, we propose a method that enables users to view and use XML documents like a relational table by extending concept of RDBMS's SQL view and. table function. In our approach, XML documents are existed independently of RDBMS and users can register relational schema of necessary part of XML document by using XML-View definition statement. Registered XML-View can be queried by SQL, and XML -table function is internally used so that XML - View can be accessed and used like a relational table. The proposed method enables users to access XML documents by providing the XML- View definition syntax and the table-function for existing RDBMS. Also, when schema modification for XML is needed, user can handle by modification of the XML- View definition.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.453-465
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• 2012

In this paper, we first analysis definition of continuity of functions in high school textbooks, the mathematics high school curriculum and university mathematics textbooks. We surveyed what was causing the students to struggle in their concept image of continuity of functions. We arrived at that students' concept for errors in images of continuity of function were caused by definition of continuity of functions in high school textbooks.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2005

This paper provides an analysis of a survey on high achieving students' under-standing of continuity of function. The purposes of the survey in this paper were to identify high achieving students' concept images of continuity of function in the way of Tall & Vinner(1981). The students' individual written answers were collected and task-based, semi-structured individual interviews with 5 students were videotaped. Students were asked to explain their under-standing or reasoning about continuity of function. Five types of the concept images were identified in the analysis. Obvious discrepancy of results between this study and Tall & Vinner(1981)'s were pointed out. It is very likely that the differences in results drawn in both studies are results of the different orientations of the textbooks in terms of their degree of emphasis on the concept definition of continuity of function.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.97-118
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• 2011

This study aimed finding effective models for the teaching the concept of function. We selected two models. One is discrete model which focuses on the 'corresponding relation of the elements of the sets(domain and range). The other is continuous model which focuses on the dependent relationship of the two variables connected in variable phenomenon. A vending machine model was used as a discrete model, and a water bucket model was used as a continuous model in our study. We taught 2 times about the concept of function using two models to the 60 students (7th grade, 2 classes) living in Taebak city, and tested it twice, after class and about 3 months later. A vending machine model was helpful in understanding the definition of function in the 7th grade math textbook. Also, it was helpful to making concept image and to recalling it. On the other hand, students who used the water bucket model had a difficultly in understanding the all independent variables of the domain corresponding to the dependent variables. But they excelled in tasks making formula expression and understanding changing situations.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

It has been found that implementing the function analysis is very important in terms of accomplishing successful Value Engineering(VE), and the function definition is a basic activity at design VE phase. In spite of the importance, the real function analysis activities in the VE are not regard as consequence. In this regard, this paper attempts to use the campus mater plan to lead an effective function analysis. So, the purpose of this value engineering study is to provide the criteria to develop the campus mater plan. This value engineering study used as a guide for the standardization of the campus mater plan. In addition, broader application is possible through the analysis throughout the different ways of the project.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

This paper considers factory simulation based on shipbuilding CIM in which a computer integrated design and manufacturing system is considered. The author proposes the product model and several alterative functions for designing ship's structure, and develop a ship definition system for computer integrated design and manufacturing. This implemented system is called SODAS (System Of Design and Assembly for Shipbuilding). Object oriented concept is used to develop this system. As well as the product model, the design function cutting function, and virtual assembling function are introduced. By using the design function, any type of ship's structure can be designed. And also factory simulation can be carried out by using the cutting function and virtual assembling function.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2014

We define a multivariate Cauchy distribution using a probability density function; subsequently, a Ferguson's definition of a multivariate Cauchy distribution can be viewed as a characterization theorem using the characteristic function approach. To clarify this characterization theorem, we construct two dependent Cauchy random variables, but their sum is not Cauchy distributed. In doing so the proofs depend on the characteristic function, but we use the cumulative distribution function to obtain the exact density of their sum. The derivation methods are relatively straightforward and appropriate for graduate level statistics theory courses.