• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.135-140
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• 1997

The influences of ZrB$_2$ additions to SiC on microstructural, DDM(Electrical Discharge Machining), mechanical and electrical properties were investigated. composites were prepared by adding 15, 30, 45 vol.% ZrB$_2$particles as a second phase to SiC matrix. SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites obtained by hot pressing for high temperature structural application were fully dense with the relative densities over 99%. The fracture toughness of the composites were increased with the ZrB$_2$contents. In case of composite containing 30vol.% ZrB$_2$, the flexural strength and fracture toughness showed 45% and 60% increase, respectively compared to that of monolithic SiC sample. The electrical resistivities of SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites decreased significantly with the ZrB$_2$ contents. The electrical resistivity of SiC-30vol.% ZrB$_2$ composite showed 6.50$\times$10$^{-4}$ $\Omega$.cm. Cutting velocity of EDM of SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites are directly proportional to duty factor of pulse width. Surface roughness, however, are not all proportional to pulse width. Higher-flexural strength composites show a trend toward smaller crater volumes, leaving a smoother surface; the average surface roughness of the SiC-ZrB$_2$ 15 vol.% composite with the flexural strengthe of 375㎫ was 3.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, whereas the SiC-ZrB$_2$ 30.vol% composite of 457㎫ was 1.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. In the SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites, the SiC-ZrB$_2$ two phases are distinct; the white phase is the ZrB$_2$and the gray phase is the SiC matrix. In the SEM micrographs of the EDM surface, however, these phases are no longer distinct because of thicker recast layer of resolidified-melt-formation droplets present. It is shown that SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites are able to be machined without surface cracking.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2006

Magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated with biodegradable polymer [poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycoiide), PLGA] were prepared by an emulsification-diffusion method. To investigate the effect of type of organic solvents on the mean particle sizes of obtained composite particles, different organic solvents [ethyl acetate (EA), propylene carbonate (PC) and acetone (ACE)] were used with a stabilizer [didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DMAB)]. The particle size of nanoparticles was observed by the dynamic light scattering method. When EA and PC as partially water-soluble solvents were used, small composite nanoparticles below 80nm were obtained, while large composite nanoparticles above 330nm were prepared for ACE as a fully water-soluble solvent.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.2 s.35
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

We fabricated Ni/Co(or Co/Ni) composite silicide layers on the non-patterned wafers from Ni(20 nm)/Co(20 nm)/poly-Si(70 nm) structure by rapid thermal annealing of $700{\~}1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds. The sheet resistance, cross-sectional microstructure, and surface roughness were investigated by a four point probe, a field emission scanning electron microscope, and a scanning probe microscope, respectively. The sheet resistance increased abruptly while thickness decreased as silicidation temperature increased. We propose that the poly silicon inversion due to fast metal diffusion lead to decrease silicide thickness. Our results imply that we should consider the serious inversion and fast transformation in designing and process f3r the nano-height fully cobalt nickel composite silicide gates.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/$SnO_2$ nano-composite (MSC) for the anode electrode of a Li-ion battery was prepared using a homogeneous precipitation method with $SnCl_2$ precursors in the presence of MWNT. XRD results indicate that when annealed in Ar at $400^{\circ}C$, $Sn_6O_4(OH)_4$ was fully converted to $SnO_2$ phases. TEM observations showed that most of the $SnO_2$ nanoparticles were deposited directly on the outside surface of the MWNT. The electrochemical performance of the MSC electrode showed higher specific capacities than a MWNT and better cycleability than a nano-$SnO_2$ electrode. The electrochemical performance of the MSC electrode improved because the MWNT in the MSC electrode absorbed the mechanical stress induced from a volume change during alloying and de-alloying reactions with lithium, leading to an increase in the electrical conductivity of the composite material.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2009

We fabricated the electromagnetic (EM) noise absorber films for high temperature use by blending a soft magnetic powder with poly(amide imide) (PAI). The EM noise absorber films of PAI/soft magnet composite were prepared by casting the solution of poly(amide amic acid)/soft magnet powder into glass substrate with casting applicator device and then thermal imidization. The obtained films were fully characterized and their physical properties including thermal behavior, thermal stability and mechanical properties were studied. The EM noise absorption ability was also investigated using micro-strip line method. At 1 GHz, the power loss of composite film with 150 ${\mu}m$ thickness was about 25%.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.279-283
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• 2019

A flight training simulator of a fully spherical configuration is being developed to precisely and quickly control six degrees of freedom (Dof) motions especially with unlimited rotations. The full-scale simulator should be designed with a lightweight material to reduce inertial effects for fast and stable feedback controls while no structural failure is ensured during operations. In this study, a sandwich composite consisting of glass fiber reinforced plastics and a foam core is used to obtain high specific strengths and specific stiffnesses. T-type stainless steel frames are inserted to minimize the deformation of the sphere curvature. Finite element analysis is carried out to evaluate structural safety of the simulator composed of the sandwich sphere and steel frames. The analysis considers the weights of the equipment and trainee and it is assumed to be 200 kg. Gravity acceleration is also considered. The stresses and displacement acting on the simulator are calculated and the safety is assessed under two different situations.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.859-872
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• 2015

Pebble matrix filtration (PMF) is a water treatment technology that can remove suspended solids in highly turbid surface water during heavy storms. PMF typically uses sand and natural pebbles as filter media. Hand-made clay pebbles (balls) can be used as alternatives to natural pebbles in PMF treatment plants, where natural pebbles are not readily available. Since the high turbidity is a seasonal problem that occurs during heavy rains, the use of newly developed composite clay balls instead of pure clay balls have the advantage of removing other pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM) during other times. Only the strength properties of composite clay balls are described here as the pollutant removal is beyond the scope of this paper. These new composite clay balls must be able to withstand dead and live loads under dry and saturated conditions in a filter assembly. Absence of a standard ball preparation process and expected strength properties of composite clay balls were the main reasons behind the present study. Five different raw materials from industry wastes: Red Mud (RM), Water Treatment Alum Sludge (S), Shredded Paper (SP), Saw Dust (SD), and Sugar Mulch (SM) were added to common clay brick mix (BM) in different proportions. In an effort to minimize costs, in this study clay balls were fired to $1100^{\circ}C$ at a local brick factory together with their bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was performed to evaluate crushing strength of composite hand-made clay balls, using uniaxial compression test to establish the best material combination on the basis of strength properties for designing sustainable filter media for water treatment plants. Performance at both construction and operating stages were considered by analyzing both strength properties under fully dry conditions and strength degradation after saturation in a water bath. The BM-75% as the main component produced optimum combination in terms of workability and strength. With the material combination of BM-75% and additives-25%, the use of Red Mud and water treatment sludge as additives produced the highest and lowest strength of composite clay balls, with a failure load of 5.4 kN and 1.4 kN respectively. However, this lower value of 1.4 kN is much higher than the effective load on each clay ball of 0.04 kN in a typical filter assembly (safety factor of 35), therefore, can still be used as a suitable filter material for enhanced pollutant removal.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.86-92
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• 2017

In this study, a running performance evaluation and roller rig test was conducted to evaluate the applicability of a composite bogie frame, which has the role of the primary suspension. The composite bogie frame was made of a GEP224 glass/epoxy prepreg. Vehicle dynamic analysis was carried out on the composite bogie with three different kinds of side beam thicknesses (50 mm, 80 mm, and 150 mm). From the results, the composite bogie with a side beam thickness of 80 mm satisfied all the dynamic design requirements. Although the composite bogie with the side beam thickness of 50mm also met the design requirements, its critical speed was just a 2% margin to the requirement. In contrast, the model of the side beam thickness of 150mm did not meet the ride comfort. In addition, a composite bogie frame with the side beam thickness of 80 mm was fabricated and installed on a complete bogie. Moreover, the roller rig test using the fully equipped bogie was performed to evaluate the critical speed. During the test, the lateral excitation was imposed on the wheelsets to realize the rail irregularity. There was no divergence of the lateral displacement of the wheelsets while increasing the speed. The measured critical speed was similar to the predicted result.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.4001-4008
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• 1975

The economic evaluation of the feasibility of expanding fully irrgated agriculture in the Ogseo project must consider preproject yields of rice under rainfed and partially irrigated paddy cultivation in order to assess incremental incomes from irrigation. Statistical data on yields available from official sources and field surveys conducted in the project area do not specify whether given unit yields refer to actually cropped or potentially cropped lands. This latter factor obviously affects any evaluation of marginal benefits to be derived from irrigation as the extent of rainfed areas actually cropped varies from year to year according to rain fall at the critical growth periods for low land rice. Although less dependent on direct rainfall, yields from partially irrigated lands are also highly affected by seasonal rainfalls. In this paper on attempt has been made to determine average yield under rainfed and partially irrigated conditions by relating yields to a available water. For rainfed paddy cultivation, the analysis discriminates between effects of rain deficiencies during transplanting and subsquent growth periods. For partially irrigated paddy cultivation, seasonal rainfalls have been considered, implying sufficient storage capacity for supplementary irrigation. The average yield of rainfed paddy has been calculated as 2.11 t/ha and that of partially irrigated paddy as 2.8 t/ha. Assuming even division between these two water supply patterns of areas not fully irrigated, a composite yield of 2.46 t/ha is oftained. This figure will be adopted as the basis for the on-going studies and project evaluation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.912-914
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• 1999

Composite insulation system of liquid nitrogen and solid spacer is widely applied in high temperature superconducting power machine. This study has three step procedure. As follow, first step is composition of parallel deposited electrode and vertically deposited electrode along the direction of immersion in liquid nitrogen($LN_2$). Second step is investigation into surface flashover voltage of solid spacer under partially immersed in $LN_2$, and last step is comparison the result of this research with that of fully immersed in $LN_2$ and at cryogenic temperature gaseous nitrogen($GN_2$). This result presented that surface flashover voltage along solid spacer half immersed in $LN_2$ was almost the same as that of fully immersed spacer when the thickness of spacer(t) was t<10 mm. In the case of t>10 mm, however, spacer flashover voltage was equal to that obtained in $GN_2$ at cryogenic temperature.