• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 능성어를 대상으로 항체 검출 ELISA법을 적용하기 위한 기초 연구로서 능성어 혈청의 보존 조건에 따른 IgM의 안정성을 검토하였으며, 또한 항체 검출 ELISA법을 통해 능성어의 특이 항체반응을 조사하였다. 항 BSA 능성어 혈청을 사용하여 보존 온도 (-80, -20 및 4${^{\circ}C}$) 및 기간 (1, 34, 61 및 119일)에 따른 ELISA값을 비교한 결과, 모든 시료에 서 뚜렷한 O.D.값의 차이는 확인되지 않았다. -80${^{\circ}C}$ 및 -20${^{\circ}C}$에 보존된 혈청을 사용하여 해동 횟수 (1, 5, 10회)에 따른 ELISA O.D.값을 비교한 결과, 해동을 반복한 혈청 및 미동결 혈청의 O.D.값은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 능성어 혈청은 -80, -20 및 4${^{\circ}C}$에서 119일간 보존하거나 10회 반복 해동하여도 능성어 IgM의 안정함이 확인되었다. 사육수온에 따른 능성어의 특이적 항체 반응을 조사한 결과, 20${^{\circ}C}$에서 사육중인 능성어에서 는 BSA 면역 후 14일째부터 BSA에 대한 특이 항체가 확인되었고, 21일-28일에 가장 높은 항체가를 나타냈으며 그 후 항체가는 서서히 떨어졌으나 면역 70일째에도 BSA에 대한 특이 항체는 관찰되었다. 반면 25${^{\circ}C}$에서 사육중인 능성어에서는 7일째부터 항체가가 확인되었고, 14일-21일 가장 높은 항체가를 나타냈으며 그 후 항체가는 서서히 떨어져 면역 70일째에는 0.4-1.6의 O.D. 값이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 능성어의 특이 항체 반응은 20${^{\circ}C}$보다 25${^{\circ}C}$에서 항체 형성이 빠르고 항체가도 높게 나타나는 것이 확인되었으며, 또한 20${^{\circ}C}$와 25${^{\circ}C}$에서 사육중인 능성어에서 특이 항체반응은 약 2달간 지속됨이 확인되었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2001

본 연구는 lipid peroxides를 생산하는 것으로 알려진 ascorbic acid (Asc; 0.5 mM)와 ferrous sulfate (Fe$^{2+}$; 1 mM)가 돼지 동결-융해 정자의 체외수정능력에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 동결정액의 융해 처리시 배양액내 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$ (38%)의 동시첨가시 대조구 (27%)에 비해 정자의 첨체반응이 유의적으로 높게 유기되었다 (P＜0.05). 정자침입율 또한 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$ (76%)를 동시에 첨가하므로서 대조구 (55%)에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (P＜0.05). 한편 정자의 peroxidation은 상기의 처리구에서 maiondialdehyde (MDA)의 생성에 기초를 두고 평가하였는데, 정자의 처리시 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$의 동시첨가에 의해 MDA의 생성이 증가하였으나 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 또한 sulfhydry1(-SH) group의 용량을 측정한 결과 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$를 동시에 첨가한 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 타처리구와의 사이에서 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 또 다른 연구에서 동결-응해정자가 난자의 투명대에 접착하는 정도를 평가한 결과, 대조구와 Asc처리시 Fe$^{2+}$ 처리에 비하여 유의적으로 (P ＜ 0.05) 높은 정자의 접착을 나타냈으나 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$의 동시 처리에 의한 정자접착의 증가는 인정되지 않았다. 결과적으로 lipid peroxidation의 증가를 야기시키는 Asc/Fe$^{2+}$의 동시첨가는 투명대에서 정자의 접착능력을 증가시키지 않았음에도 불구하고 첨체반응과 침입능력을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2021

PRA 검사는 치료 가능한 고혈압 질환 중 하나인 일차성 알도스테론증의 선별 진단에 이용되는 검사 중 하나이다. 혈장의 레닌은 체외에서 변형이 쉬운 물질이며 온도 변화에 민감한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 검체의 보관온도와 해동온도에 차이를 두어 각각의 결과 차이를 비교 분석하고, PRA 검사의 정확한 결과 보고를 위한 치침의 마련과 재현성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 본원에 의뢰된 PRA 검체 43건에 대하여 냉동보관 혈장 분리 자검체와 냉장보관 EDTA tube의 혈장을 재검사 실시하였다. 본검사를 기준으로 회귀분석과 bland-altman plot, 백분율을 비교하여 결과를 분석하였다. 또한, 해동온도에 따른 결과 비교를 위하여 PRA 검체 13건에 대하여 각각 실온해동과 냉장해동을 실시하였다. 실험을 마친 뒤, 다시 얼리고 2차 실온해동과 냉장해동을 실시하여 본검사를 기준으로 결과를 회귀분석하였다. 혈장 분리된 자검체 재검사를 시행한 결과는 y = 1.2048x + 1.046(R=0.8501, n=43)이며, 냉장보관 EDTA tube의 혈장으로 재검사한 결과는 y = 1.0594x + 0.1365 (R=0.9966, n=41)였다. Bland-altman plot에서 본실험과 차이에 대한 평균이 EDTA tube 혈장 재검사한 결과가 0.24, 냉동보관 자검체 재검사한 결과가 1.4로 냉장 보관 EDTA tube의 혈장이 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 해동온도에 차이를 두고 비교실험 한 결과, 1차 실온해동한 결과보다 2차 실온해동한 결과의 평균 백분율이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 동일하게, 1차 냉장해동 결과보다 2차 냉장해동 결과의 평균 백분율이 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 PRA 검체의 보관 방법과 해동 온도에 따른 결과변화를 비교 분석한 결과, 냉장 보관된 원검체 EDTA tube 혈장의 재검사 결과가 더 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한, 해동 시 온도에 상관없이 혈장분리 자검체의 반복적인 얼림과 녹임이 PRA 결과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 PRA의 재검사 시에는 냉장 보관 중인 원검체 EDTA tube에서 혈장을 다시 채취하여 검사하는 것이 검사 결과의 오차를 줄이고 재현성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and intercellular junctions of the odontoblast of dental pulp in the rat incisor by means of the freeze fracture electron microscopy. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $150{\sim}200g$ were used. After being anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml sodium pentobarbital per kg in body weight(60 mg/ml) the animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-2% paraformaldehyde fixative in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 through the ascending aorta for one hour. The incisors were carefully extracted from the jaws and demineralized by suspending them in 0.1 M EDTA in 3% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.2) for two weeks. After demineralization, the specimens were obtained from the portion divided into five equal parts. For freeze-fracture replication, demineralized tissues were infiltrated for several hours with 10%, 25% glycerol in 0.1M cacodylate buffer as a cryoprotectant and then frozen in liquid Freon 22 and stored in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication were done in Balzers BAF 400D high-vacuum freeze-fracture apparatus at $-120^{\circ}C$ under routine $5X10^{-7}$ Torr vacuum. The tissue was immediately replicated with platinum unidirectionally at $45^{\circ}$ angle and reinforced with carbon at $90^{\circ}$ angle unidirectionally or by using a rotary stage. The replication process was monitored by a quartz-crystal device. The replicas were immersed in 100% methanol overnight. The tissue was then digested from the replica by clorox (laundry bleach), placed into 5% EDTA, and washed repeatedly with distilled water. The replicas were picked up on 0.3% formvar-coated 75 mesh grids and examined in the JEOL 100B electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. Both in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas, three types of intercellular junctions were recognizable in the plasma membrane of odontoblast: gap junction, tight junction and desmosome-like junction. 2. The nuclear pores were evenly distributed over the nuclear envelope. The pore complex formed a ring about 70 nm in diameter. 3. Gap junctions were found between odontoblasts as well as odontoblasts and neighbouring pulp cells (fibroblast, subodontoblastic cell process, nerve-like fibre). Gap junctions, which were round, ellipsoid and pear-shaped and 600 nm in diameter, were observed in the odontoblast. 4. Numerous round and ellipsoid gap junctions could be frequently seen on the plasma membranes in cell body and apical part of the odontoblasts. On the P face, the junctions were recognized as a cluster of closely packed particles, measuring about 9 nm in diameter, and on the E face, the junctions were recognized as a shallow grooves.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1273-1273
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• 2001

The efficiency of the luminal fermentation process influences overall efficiency of luminal production, animal health and reproduction. Ruminant production systems have a significant impact on the global environment, as well. Animal wastes contribute to pollution of the environment as ammonia volatilized to the air and nitrate leached to ground water. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen satisfies a large proportion of the protein requirements of animals. Quantifying the microbial synthesis is possible by using markers for lumen bacteria and protozoa such as nucleic acids, purine bases, some specific amino acids, or by isotopic $^{15}N,^{32}P,\;and\;^{35}S$ labelled feeds. All those methods require cannulated animals, they are time-consuming and some methods are very expensive as well. Many attempts have been made to find an alternative method for indirect measurement of microbial synthesis in intact animals. The present investigations aimed to assess possibilities of NIRS for prediction of purine nitrogen excretion and ruminal microbial nitrogen synthesis by NIR spectra of urine. Urine samples were collected from 12 growing sheep,6 of them male, and 6- female. The sheep were included in feeding experiment. The ration consisted of sorghum silage and protein supplements -70:30 on dry matter basis. The protein supplements were chosen to differ in protein degradability. The urine samples were collected daily in a vessel containing $60m{\ell}$ 10% sulphuric acid to reduce pH below 3 and diluted with tap water to 4 liters. Samples were stored in plastic bottles and frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ until chemical and NIRS analysis. The urine samples were analyzed for purine derivates - allantoin, uric acid, xantine and hypoxantine content. Microbial nitrogen synthesis in the lumen was calculated according to Chen and Gomes, 1995. Transmittance urine spectra with sample thickness 1mm were obtained by NIR System 6500 spectrophotometer in the spectral range 1100-2500nm. The calibration was performed using ISI software and PLS regression, respectively. The following statistical results of NIRS calibration for prediction of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were obtained.(Table Omitted). The result of estimation of purine nitrogen excretion and microbial protein synthesis by NIR spectra of urine showed accuracy, adequate for rapid evaluation of microbial protein synthesis for a large number of animals and different diets. The results indicate that the advantages of the NIRS technology can be extended into animal physiological studies. The fast and low cost NIRS analyses could be used with no significant loss of accuracy when microbial protein synthesis in the lumen and the microbial protein flow in the duodenum are to be assessed by NIRS.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1978

고등어 보통육을 ascorbic acid 및 NaCl을 처리하여 냉동저장시 지질의 변화를 산가, 과산화물가 및 지방산조성의 변화 등을 통하여 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 고등어보통육(肉)의 냉동저장기간동안 AV와 POV는 무첨가구에 비하여 As A첨가구는 AV 및 POV가 낮고 NaCl첨가구는 높은 AV 및 POV를 나타내었다. 2. 고등어 육지질(肉脂質)의 지방산조성은 GLC법으로 분석한 결과 $C_{16:0}$산, $C_{18:0}$산, $C_{18:1}$산은 냉동저장기간중 계속 증가되며 $C_{18:3}$산, $C_{20:4}$산, $C_{22:5}$산, $C_{22:6}$산과 같은 불포화도가 높은 지방산은 계속적으로 감소되었다. 3. $C_{22:6}$산의 감소율은 저장초기에는 As A첨가군 : 무첨가군 NaCl첨가군이 1: 2: 3의 비율로 그 감소율이 높았으나, 저장후기에는 유의성이 없었다. 4. 전반적으로 고등어의 냉동저장중 육지질(肉脂質)의 산화 양상에 있어서 무첨가구에 비하여 As A첨가구는 산화를 억제시켰고, NaCl은 산화를 촉진하는 결과를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1649-1656
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• 2015

Gene expression profiling has offered new insights into postmortem molecular changes associated with meat quality. To acquire reliable transcript quantification, high quality RNA is required. The objective of this study was to analyze integrity of RNA isolated from chicken skeletal muscle (pectoralis major) and its capability of serving as the template in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a function of postmortem intervals representing the end-points of evisceration, carcass chilling and aging stages in chicken abattoirs. Chicken breast muscle was dissected from the carcasses (n = 6) immediately after evisceration, and one-third of each sample was instantly snap-frozen and labeled as 20 min postmortem. The remaining muscle was stored on ice until the next rounds of sample collection (1.5 h and 6 h postmortem). The delayed postmortem duration did not significantly affect $A_{260}/A_{280}$ and $A_{260}/A_{230}$ ($p{\geq}0.05$), suggesting no altered purity of total RNA. Apart from a slight decrease in the 28s:18s ribosomal RNA ratio in 1.5 h samples (p<0.05), the value was not statistically different between 20 min and 6 h samples ($p{\geq}0.05$), indicating intact total RNA up to 6 h. Abundance of reference genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (PPIA) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) as well as meat-quality associated genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) were investigated using qPCR. Transcript abundances of ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, and PPIA were significantly different among all postmortem time points (p<0.05). Transcript levels of PDK4 and PPARD were significantly reduced in the 6 h samples (p<0.05). The findings suggest an adverse effect of a prolonged postmortem duration on reliability of transcript quantification in chicken skeletal muscle. For the best RNA quality, chicken skeletal muscle should be immediately collected after evisceration or within 20 min postmortem, and rapidly preserved by deep freezing.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of catalase using xanthine (X) - xanthine oxidase (XO) system on in vitro maturation and fertilization in pig. When follicular oocytes were cultured in maturation medium with X and/or XO, the maturation rates were not significantly different between in medium with and without catalase despite of different culture periods. However, significantly (P<0.05) higher maturation rates were obrained in culture with X-XO system. The rates of degenerated oocytes were increased with culture periods prolonged, and were significantly (P<0.05) higher in medium without than with catalase at 120 h of culture. On the other hand, the parthenogenetic oocytes were observed with high proportions at 72 h of culture, hut were not different in medium with and without catalase at various times of culture. In another experiment, the frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa treated with X-XO system for in vitro fertilization. The penetration rates were higher in medium with that than without catalase during the in vitro fertilization with, none (P<0.05), XO and X＋XO. On the other hand, when sperm were treated with none, X, XO and X＋XO, lipid peroxidation were higher in medium without that than with catalase. However, the changes in sperm penetration and lipid peroxidation showed opposite patterns. The sperm suspensions were also treated with X and/or XO for assay of sulfhydryl (-SH) group content. Under the above all conditions, sperm-SH group were higher detected In medium with that than without catalase. The activity of sperm binding to zona pellucida was also evaluated through binding to salt-stored porcine oocytes. In control group, sperm binding to zona pellucida were higher than in medium with X, XO and X＋XO groups. No significant differences, however, were observed between medium with and without catalase. In conclusion, the exposure of follicular oocytes and spermatozoa to X-XO system may be caused stimulating in vitro maturation and fertilization in pig. This work was supported by grant No. 2000-1-22200-001-3 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.

• 기술사
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.104-118
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• 1999

Alaska Pollack (Theragramma), Mackerel (Socomber japonicus), yellow corvenia (Pseudosc iance manchurica) were dressed, and then meat was separated from the other parts through a fish meat separator. After dehydration, the meat was ground with a silent cutter, packaged in polyethylene bags, and stored at -15。C for days. Samples were taken at regular intervals throughout the storage period and investigated for changes in puality characteristics such as the amounts of nitrogenous compounds, degree of lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition, and organoleptic factors. The resrlts obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The volatile basic nitrogen[VBN] contents of Alaska pollack, and yellow corvenia meat pastes increased from 14.4, 11.2 and 10.8mg% to 41.6, 38.3 and 40.6mg%, respectively during a 120 day storage period, whereas the trimethylamine oxide nitrogen [TMAO-N] contents decreased from 117.2, 12.8 and 17.2mg% to 40.3, 2.6 and 7.1mg% during the same period. 2. The TBA value of the mackerel meat paste showed a maximum peak after 60 days, and then decreased gradually, whereas the TBAvalues of the alaska pollack and yellow corvenia meat pastes increased steadily during the same period. The acid values of the meat pastes increased during the storage period, while the iodine values decreased. 3. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid of the meat pastes changed considerably during ghe 120 days storage period : saturated fatty acids in the total lipid such as myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid increased, while unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, gadoleic, eicosapentaenoic, erucic and docosahexaenoic acid decreased steadily. The initial percentage contents of the unsaturated fatty acids in the total lipid of the Alaska pollack, mackerel, and yellow corvenia meat pastes were 87.2%, 63.9%, and 75.9% respectively. However, the contents decreased to 46.0%, 42.5% and 51.3% after the 120day storage period. 4. The color of the meat pastes changde gradually into dark brown. L values of the meat paste measured with a thistimulus colorimeter decreased steadily during the storage period, while a and b values increased during same period. 5. Judging from the results of organoleptic evaluation on the fish odor, color and overall acceptability, significant difference were found between the odor and color of the mackerel and those of the yellow corvenia meat pastes. Overall acceptability score of yellow corvenia was higher than that of Alaska pollack or mackerel meat pastes.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

연잎으로 제조한 약주의 연중 생산을 위한 원료의 효과적인 전처리 방법에 대하여 알아보기 위해 냉동 전 후로 처리를 달리한 연잎을 사용한 연잎약주의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 냉동 전 후로 처리한 연잎약주에서 총산함량을 제외하고 pH, 아미노산도, 알코올, 휘발산 함량에서 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 폴리페놀 함량은 전체적으로 $315.89{\pm}28.08{\sim}462.63{\pm}13.00ppm$의 범위였고 모든 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 특히, 냉동전 덖음 처리 약주에서 $462.63{\pm}13.00ppm$으로 높은 수치를 보였다. 약주의 색도에 있어서는 L값의 경우 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 냉동 후 처리한 약주에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고 냉동전 처리한 약주에서는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 황색도를 나타내는 b값에서는 냉동 전 후 데치기 처리에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 모든 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 연잎 약주의 유기산 중에서 주석산(tartaric acid)과 호박산(succinic acid)은 모든 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 옥살산(oxalic acid), 구연산(citric acid), 사과산(malic acid) 함량은 처리구에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 냉동전 처리한 연잎 약주의 기호성 평가 결과, 냉동전 처리 연잎약주의 경우, 색과 향에 있어서 생잎과 건조처리구의 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 반면, 색에 있어서 덖음처리(10%)와 향에 있어서 데치기 처리(15%)가 낮은 선택율을 보였다. 향에 있어서는 생잎이나 건조 처리구 약주에서 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 맛이나 전반적인 기호도에 있어서는 색과 향기의 결과와는 다르게, 데치기 처리가 높은 선택비율(40%)을 보였는데 약주의 전반적인 기호도는 색과 향기보다는 맛이 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 냉동후 처리한 연잎을 사용한 약주에서는 색은 덖음처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈고 향이나 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서는 데치기 처리구에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다.