• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.4 s.111
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• pp.251-261
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• 2005

Enlargement is an inherent property of X-rays which occurs when straight hues diverse from small a focal spot. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the correction of gonial angle width enlarged on frontal cephalogram, using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally from each other. In 40 adult individuals, frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken at a $90^{\circ}$ angle using the Head Posture Aligner. The angle width was measured on the frontal cephalogram and subsequently. the corrected angle width was calculated using the magnification rate of two cephalograms. Measured and corrected angle widths were compared with the measurement from the 3D CT image. The measurement or the frontal cephalogram showed a 9.10mm of enlargement on average ranging from 7.92 to 11.31mm. Corrected angle width measurement showed a 0.14mm difference with the 3D CT image measurement, which was not statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that actual au91e width can be approached through calculation using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally with the help of the Head Posture Aligner The study also showed that the magnitude of correction error did not show a significant correlation with the amount of menton deviation, and it suggests that the present correction method is valid even in individuals with severe facial asymmetry.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.679-685
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• 2014

Background Frontal sinus fractures, particularly anterior sinus fractures, are relatively common facial fractures. Many agree on the general principles of frontal fracture management; however, the optimal methods of reduction are still controversial. In this article, we suggest a simple reduction method using a subbrow incision as a treatment for isolated anterior sinus fractures. Methods Between March 2011 and March 2014, 13 patients with isolated frontal sinus fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through a subbrow incision. The subbrow incision line was designed to be precisely at the lower margin of the brow in order to obtain an inconspicuous scar. A periosteal incision was made at 3 mm above the superior orbital rim. The fracture site of the frontal bone was reduced, and bone fixation was performed using an absorbable plate and screws. Results Contour deformities were completely restored in all patients, and all patients were satisfied with the results. Scars were barely visible in the long-term follow-up. No complications related to the procedure, such as infection, uncontrolled sinus bleeding, hematoma, paresthesia, mucocele, or posterior wall and brain injury were observed. Conclusions The subbrow approach allowed for an accurate reduction and internal fixation of the fractures in the anterior table of the frontal sinus by providing a direct visualization of the fracture. Considering the surgical success of the reduction and the rigid fixation, patient satisfaction, and aesthetic problems, this transcutaneous approach through a subbrow incision is concluded to be superior to the other reduction techniques used in the case of an anterior table frontal sinus fracture.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2007

Lee & Kang (2002) showed that simultaneous phonological rehearsal significantly delayed the performance of multiplication but not subtraction, whereas holding an image in the memory delayed subtraction but not multiplication. This result indicated that arithmetic function is related to working memory in a subsystem-specific manner. The aim of the current study was to examine the neural correlates of previous finding using fMRI. For this goal, dual task conditions that required suppression or no suppression were manipulated. In general, several areas were more activated in the interference conditions than in the less interference conditions, although both conditions were dual condition. More important finding is that the specific areas activated in the phonological suppression rendition were right inferior frontal gyrus, left angular, and inferior parietal lobule, while the areas activated in the other condition were mainly in the right superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the areas activated in the phonological or visual less suppression condition were right medial frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral medial frontal gyri, anterior cingulate cortices, and parahippocampal gyri, respectively. These results revealed that sharing the processing code invokes interference, and its neural basis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of clutch adaptation on the mandibular rotational torque movement in normal people. 69 dental students were selected for the study. Their mean age were 23.6 years and they did not present any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. $BioEGN^{(R)}$ with $Rotate^{(R)}$ program was used to observe and record the amount of mandibular rotational torque on protrusion, on right excursion, on left excursion, and on comfortable wide opening movement. The natural tooth contact movement and the movement with clutch were performed in the above four each mandibular movement. Clutch was made by the method used in $Pantronic^{(R)}$ clutch fabrication. Distance of slant frontal which was translatory trajectory in frontal plane and degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane were recorded. The data obtained were processed with SPSSWIN program and the results were as follows : 1. Distance of slant frontal in each mandibular movement generally increased with clutch. 2. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not increase with clutch, but the degree on wide opening increased with clutch. 3. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not show any difference between right and left side, but the degree in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions showed significant difference between right and left side. 4. Total amount of rotational torque from right and left sides on protrusion and lateral excursions were not increased with clutch, but the degree on wide opening movement was increased with clutch. And in this case, degree in horizontal plane was larger than that in frontal plane. 5. Correlation between total amount of rotational torque in horizontal plane and that in frontal plane were highly significant on protrusion and on lateral excursions with or without clutch, but the significant correlation on wide opening without clutch became not significant with clutch.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

Fracture of frontal bone is infrequent, but may have serious complications because of their proximity to the brain, eyes and noses. Fractures of the frontal area range from 5% to 15% of all facial bone fracture and include supraorbital rim and frontal sinus. As frontal bone fractures most frequently occur in the multiply injured patient, a thorough clinical and radiological examination of the patient is required before diagnosis and treatment plans are established. Sometimes coorperative treatment with other department is required. It is specially considered that incision for access to frontal region and surgical methods for open reduction, cranialization, cannulization, sinus obliteration. After surgical or conservative treatment, it may have complication. Complication of frontal bone injury vary in severity and may occur at several years after the incidents. The major types of complications are those that occur directly at the time of injury, infection and chronic problems. This is clinical study on 31 patients with frontal bone fracture, at department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in dental hospital of Wonkwang university during past ten years. The results were as follows; 1. The sex ratio of all patients is 29 (94%) male to 2 (6%) female, the average age is 33 and the prominent groups are 2nd, 3rd decade age. 2. The causative factors are mostly traffic accident 22 cases (70%) and fall dawn, industrial accidents, so on. 3. The 17 cases has shown alert mental status, but neurologic problems is in 14 (45%) cases in initial accessment. 4. Associated facial bone fractures are prominent in the maxilla (42%) and panfacial fracture (39%). 5. Involved general problems are in department of neurologic surgery problems (65%), orthopaedic problems (23%) and ophthalmologic problems (19%) in order. 6. Open reduction has done in 15 cases and 16 cases with conservative management. 7. Postoperative complications are chronic headache (42%), esthetic problems (39%) and ophthalmologic problems (35%)in order.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific head positions on the mandibular rotational torque movements in maximum mouth opening, protrusion and lateral excursion. Thirty dental students without any sign or symptom of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) were included as a control group and 90 patients with TMDs were selected and examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs including radiographs and were classified into 3 subgroups : disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, and degenerative joint disease. Mandibular rotational torque movements were observed in four head postures: upright head posture(NHP), upward head posture(UHP), downward head posture(DHP), and forward head posture(FHP). For UHP, the head was inclined 30 degrees upward: for DHP, the head was inclined 30 degrees downward: for FHP, the head was positioned 4cm forward. These positions were adjusted with the use of cervical range-of-motion instrumentation(CROM, Performance Attainment Inc., St. Paul, U.S.A.). Mandibular rotational torque movements were monitored with the Rotate program of BioPAK system (Bioresearch Inc., WI, U.S.A.). The rotational torque movements in frontal and horizontal plane during mandibular border movement were recorded with two parameters: frontal rotational torque angle and horizontal rotational torque angle. The data obtained was analyzed by the SAS/Stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The control group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in UHP than those in DHP and FHP during maximum mouth opening in both frontal and horizontal planes. Disc displacement with reduction group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in DHP and FHP than those in NHP during lateral excursion to the affected and non-affected sides in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). 2. Disc displacement without reduction group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in FHP than those in any other head postures during maximum mouth opening as well as lateral excursion to the affected and non-affected sides in both frontal and horizontal planes. Degenerative joint disease group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in FHP than those in any other head postures during maximum mouth opening, protrusion and lateral excursion in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). 3. In NHP, mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly larger than that of any other patient subgroups. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement with reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement without reduction group during maximum mouth opening in the frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement with reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during maximum mouth opening in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 4. In NHP, mandibular rotational angles of disc displacement without reduction group were significantly larger than those of the control group or disc displacement with reduction group during lateral excursion to the affected side in both frontal and horizontal planes. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly smaller than that of the control group during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement with reduction group during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 5. In NHP, mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly smaller than that of disc displacement with reduction group or disc displacement without reduction group during protrusion in the frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of the disc displacement with reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during protrusion in the horizontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly smaller than that of disc displacement without reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during protrusion in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 6. In NHP, disc displacement without reduction group and degenerative joint disease group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles during lateral excursion to the affected side than during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). The findings indicate that changes in head posture can influence mandibular rotational torque movements. The more advanced state is a progressive stage of TMDs, the more influenced by FHP are mandibular rotational torque movements of the patients with TMDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2024

This study compared the cortical thickness of patients with mood disorders and a control group to assess structural abnormalities. A retrospective study was conducted from September 2020 to August 2022 at the Department of Psychiatry, P Hospital in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do. The study included 44 individuals diagnosed with mood disorders and 59 healthy individuals without any pathological lesions. The 3D-T1 MPRAGE images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging examinations were utilized, and FreeSurfer software was employed to measure cortical thickness. Statistical analysis involved independent samples t-tests to measure the differences in means between the two groups, and Cohen's d test was used to compare the effect sizes of the differences. Furthermore, the correlation between the measured average cortical thickness and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores was analyzed. The research results revealed that patients with mood disorders exhibited decreased cortical thickness compared to the normal control group in both superior frontal regions, both rostral middle frontal regions, both caudal middle frontal regions, both pars opercularis, pars orbitals, pars triangularis regions, both superior temporal regions, both inferior temporal regions, both lateral orbitofrontal regions, both medial orbitofrontal regions, both fusiform regions, both posterior cingulate regions, both isthmus cingulate regions, both superior parietal regions, both inferior parietal regions, both supramarginal regions, left postcentral region, right bank of the superior temporal sulcus region, right middle temporal region, right rostral anterior cingulate region, and right insula region. Among them, regions that showed differences with effect sizes of 0.8 or higher were left fusiform (d=0.82), pars opercularis (d=0.94), superior frontal (d=0.88), right lateral orbitofrontal (d=0.85), and pars orbitalis (d=0.89). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between PANSS scores and average cortical thickness in both the left hemisphere (r=-0.234) and right hemisphere (r=-0.230). These findings are expected to be helpful in identifying areas of cortical thickness reduction in patients with mood disorders compared to healthy individuals and understanding the relationship between symptom severity and cortical thickness changes.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.463-466
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• 1979

In treatment of empyema of frontal sinus in a dairy cow, modified trephing method was applied and aquired satisfactory drainage of pus and discharge from frontal sinus. Methods of trephing opening applied were as follows : 1. Site of trephing opening for

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1195-1196
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

The characteristics of strong wind occurring over the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula are analyzed by using hourly mean wind data observed in Gusan, Mokpo, Yeosu and Wando from 1970 to 2008. The strong wind here is defined as wind speed of more than 13.9 m/s according to Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)'s strong wind advisory. The causes of strong wind are classified into typhoon, monsoonal (wintertime continent polar air mass) and frontal (cyclone) winds. Typhoon wind is characterized by abrupt change of its speed and direction after and before landfall of typhoon and monsoonal wind by periodicity of wind speed. And frontal wind tend to be changed from southwesterly to northwesterly at observation site with location of frontal surface. Strong winds are mainly occurred in Yeosu by typhoon, Gusan and Mokpo by monsoonal wind, and Mokpo and Yeosu by frontal wind. In particular, in case of frontal wind, the frequency of strong wind in Mokpo decreases while in Yeosu it increases. Monthly frequency of strong wind is high in August in Mokpo and September in Yeosu by typhoon, January in Gusan and December in Mokpo by monsoonal wind, and in April in Mokpo and Yeosu by frontal wind. The duration less than 1 hour of strong wind is prominent in all stations.