• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2020

In this paper, we implement linear-quadratic-Gaussian based vector tracking loop (LQG-VTL) instead of conventional extended Kalman filter based vector tracking loop (EKF-VTL). The LQG-VTL can improve the performance compared to the EKF-VTL by generating optimal control input at a specific performance index. Performance analysis is conducted through two factors, frequency thermal noise and frequency dynamic stress error, which determine total frequency tracking error. We derive the thermal noise and the dynamic stress error formula in the LQG-VTL. From frequency tracking error analysis, we can determine control gain matrix in the LQG controller and show that the frequency tracking error of the LQG-VTL is lower than that of the EKF-VTL in all C/N0 ranges. The simulation results show that the LQG-VTL improves performance by 30% in Doppler tracking, so the LQG-VTL can extend pre-integration time longer and track weaker signals than the EKF-VTL. Therefore, the LQG-VTL algorithm is more robust than the EKF-VTL in weak signal environments.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

추적레이다는 안테나로부터 폭이 매우 좁은 펄스를 표적에 위치시켜 표적에서 돌아오는 신호를 수신하여 표적의 위치 (거리, 각도, 속도 등)를 추적하는 장비이다. 추적레이다가 특정한 표적을 탐지하고 추적하기에 앞서 표적과 주변 환경의 특성을 예측하기 위해 잡음 신호와 표적 신호의 수학적 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 일반적으로 적용되는 잡음 신호와 표적 신호의 모델에 대한 이론적인 내용을 소개하였고, 이와 더불어 표적의 탐지와 추적을 위한 거리 추적, 각도 추적 및 도플러 주파수 추적에 대한 일반적인 기법들을 기술하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.404-411
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• 2020

Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for electric vehicles generally require zero phase angle (ZPA) frequency tracking control to achieve high efficiency. Current sensors are used for ZPA frequency tracking control. However, the use of current sensors causes several problems, such as switching noise, degrading control performance, and control complexity. To solve these problems, this study proposes ZPA frequency tracking control without current sensors. Such control enables ZPA frequency tracking without real-time control and achieves stable zero voltage switching operation closed to ZPA frequency within all coupling coefficient and load ranges. The validity of the proposed control algorithm is verified on LCCL-S topology with a 3.3 kW rating IPT experimental test bed. Simulation verification is also performed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2009

In this paper, an frequency tracking algorithm for weak signal tracking is proposed. The proposed frequency tracking algorithm uses a FMS (Fast Minus Slow) discriminator for frequency error estimation. This frequency tracking algorithm shows good frequency estimation performance under weak signal condition and is a computationally efficient for embedded software GNSS receiver. The software GNSS receiver implementing the proposed weak signal tracking algorithms could track GPS signal down to - 159dBm signal strength in the signal generator test and real GPS signal under dense urban condition.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.339-345
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• 1994

A new filter-bank is proposed in order to track center frequency of narrow band signal. The two banks are connected in series-parallel. The master filter bank which is made of traditional filter bank detects the center frequency roughly. And the performance for tracking center frequency is greatly improved by the slave filter bank which is based on energy-difference estimator. Computer simulations show that it achieves a good tracking accuracy.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2020

Investigation of structural integrity has been a critical issue in the field of civil engineering for years. Visual inspection is one of the most available methods to explore deteriorative components in structures. Still, this method is not applicable to invisible damage of structures. Alternatively, system identification methods are capable of tracking modal properties of structures over time. The deviation of these dynamic properties can serve as indicators to access structural integrity. In this study, a modal tracking technique using frequency-domain system identification from seismic responses of structures is proposed. The method first segments the measured signals into overlapped sequential portions and then establishes multiple Hankel matrices. Each Hankel matrix is then converted to the frequency domain, and a temporal-average frequency-domain Hankel matrix can be calculated. This study also proposes the frequency band selection that can divide the frequency-domain Hankel matrix into several portions in accordance with referenced natural frequencies. Once these referenced natural frequencies are unavailable, the first few right singular vectors by the singular value decomposition can offer these references. Finally, the frequency-domain stochastic subspace identification tracks the natural frequencies and mode shapes of structures through quick stabilization diagrams. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, a numerical study is carried out. Moreover, the long-term monitoring strong motion records at a specific site are exploited to assess the tracking performance. As seen in results, the proposed method is capable of tracking modal properties through seismic responses of structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

Accurate actuator tracking plays an important role in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) to ensure accurate and reliable experimental results. Frequency-domain evaluation index (FEI) interprets actuator tracking into amplitude and phase errors thus providing a promising tool for quantitative assessment of real-time hybrid simulation results. Previous applications of FEI successfully evaluated actuator tracking over the entire duration of the tests. In this study, FEI with moving window technique is explored to provide post-experiment localized actuator tracking assessment. Both moving window with and without overlap are investigated through computational simulations. The challenge is discussed for Fourier Transform to satisfy both time domain and frequency resolution for selected length of moving window. The required data window length for accuracy is shown to depend on the natural frequency and structural nonlinearity as well as the ground motion input for both moving windows with and without overlap. Moving window without overlap shows better computational efficiency and has potential for future online evaluation. Moving window with overlap however requires much more computational efforts and is more suitable for post-experiment evaluation. Existing RTHS data from Network Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) is utilized to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. It is demonstrated that with proper window size, FEI with moving window techniques enable accurate localized evaluation of actuator tracking for real-time hybrid simulation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제15권1E호
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• pp.84-88
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive digital filter for tonal noise cancellation, with a frequency tracking capability. The proposed algorithm not only estimates the magnitude and phase of the tonal disturbance but also tracks its frequency, which changes in quasi-static manner. The algorithm uses the steepest descent method and the instantaneous frequency approach for the phase/magnitude estimation and frequency tracking, respectively. A number of computer simulations have been carried out in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ANC algorithm under various conditions.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 고속무선통신에 널리 사용되고 있는 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 데이터 전송시스템에서 반송파주파수 옵셋(Offset)에 의한 잔류 위상 오차와 샘플링 주파수 옵셋에 의한 잔류 오차를 추적하고 보상하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 시스템에서는 서로 직교성을 가지는 부반송파들이 디지털 데이터에 의해 변조되어 동시에 전송된다 반송파 주파수 옵셋이 존재하는 경우에는 신호 대 잡음비의 감소 그리고 인접 부반송파의 간섭 등이 발생한다. 또한 송신단과 수신단에서의 샘플링 주파수의 차이로 인한 샘플링 시점의 오차도 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 시스템에서 성능저하의 주요한 요인으로 작용한다. 반송파 주파수의 오차와 샘플링 주파수의 오차는 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 시스템에서 중요한 성질중의 하나인 직교성 상실을 초래하며 이는 성능저하의 원인으로 작용하므로 수신단에서는 지속적으로 잔류 오차를 추적하여 보상해 주는 방식의 적용이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 주파수 선택적 페이딩 무선 채널 환경에서 파일롯 데이터뿐만 아니라 채널이득 정보 및 페이로드 데이터를 주파수 오차 추정에 반영하여 추정오차를 줄이고 이 추정 값을 주파수 오차 보상에 반영하여 성능 향상을 달성할 수 있는 방식을 제안한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.389-396
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 수중에서 진행하는 물체에서 전달되는 방사신호의 주파수스펙트럼으로부터 추출되는 토널과 주파수선과 같은 협대역 특징을 이용하여 미지의 다중 수중 이동물체를 효율적으로 판별하고 추적하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 계층 구조의 신경망으로 구성된다. 조향 방위각에 대한 광대역에너지와 방위별 협대역 에너지를 검출하여 미지의 수중이동물체의 출현 방위각을 추정하고 이를 토대로 물체를 추적하는 기존의 기법으로는 물체들이 서로 인접하거나 교차하는 경우에 추적에 실패할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 제안한 알고리즘을 사용하여 실제 신호를 포함하는 시뮬레이션 시나리오에 대해 물체 추적 실험을 행한 결과, 특히 인접하거나 교차하는 물체들의 추적에 성공적인 성능을 나타내었다.