• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.15-33
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• 2022

This study is to investigate multilateral environmental agreements,mainly UNFCCC on the primary export industry of Korea and to make a policy recommendation. Mostly literature reviews are focused on the traditional multilateral environmental agreements and the for the most part analysis are conducted prior to the Paris agreement. The result of survey indicates that many companies have not yet felt burden on their business due to UNFCCC(decarbonization) and have monitored the related policies. But the companies ask the government for strong incentives. The paper implies that enforcing strong government incentives, upgrading usage of the nuclear power, improving the related government legislation, setting up the special task force team with government and private sectors are needed.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

International negotiation and cooperation for sustainable development currently emphasize three themes on which environmental policies are developed. South Korea emphasizes two of the three themes; climate change and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. South Korea has taken a leadership role in the international arena regarding these topics, actively participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the negotiations for the 2030 Agenda (Jung, 2018). South Korea has taken a number of steps to address climate change, both domestically and internationally. Domestically, it has implemented several policies and methods to lessen GHG emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy. It has implemented an Emissions Trading Scheme, the largest in the world, a renewable energy portfolio standard, and aimed at accomplishing carbon neutrality by 2050. South Korea is also actively involved in executing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has established a national committee to ensure their successful implementation. The group is made up of representatives from the private sector, government ministries, and civil society organizations. It is focused on monitoring the progress of the SDGs and providing policy and financial support for their implementation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

This study focused on building the convergence framework of decision-making for camping site selection attributes. The first stage of study is to identify the camping motivations. The camping motivations are composed of 5 factors. The second stage is to identify the camping site selection attributes. They are composed of 4 factors. The relationships between camping site selection attributes and camping motivations are examined through the multi-regression analysis. The camping site selection attributes were significantly influenced by thr type of camping motivation. Lastly, the relationship between camping site selection attributes and camper's satisfaction and behavioral intention are testified. The implications are that camping site operators and developers need to understand the segmented camping motivations and site selection attributes. They could be the guideline of implementing the developing planning strategies of camping site.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1998

Since entered into force in 1994, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) would require all the member nations to adopt national programme for mitigating climate change and industrialized countries to undertake specific commitments of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Considering all the situation, it may be safe to assume that Korea would undertake such commitment early in the next century. Unfortunately, however, we are in the position that is very disadvantageous in preparing national strategies for carbon dioxide reduction mainly due to our rigid energy-intensive economic structure and poor geographic conditions. Solar energy is regarded as most available renewable energy resource in Korea and hence development of solar energy technology would serve as one of most effective alternatives for energy conservation and renewable energy utilization. In this regard, the presenting paper discuss the perspectives on solar energy development in relation to carbon dioxide reduction strategies. Such technologies of solar cell mass production and solar heating were considered to be most advantageous among many solar energy solutions discussed in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Objectives: Tobacco marketing encourages smoking initiation of non-smokers, especially adolescents, and it hinders quit intention of those who smoke or who attempt to quit smoking. Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC) requests a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship(TAPS). Ratified the Convention in 2005, Korea has partially implemented the provisions. However, online marketing regulations are still insufficient. Methods: Based on relevant national and international regulations, this research designed monitoring mechanism for online tobacco marketing and studied 1,404 websites to identify current situation of online sales and advertisement of tobacco in Korea. Results: This study found that online trade of tobacco products are overtly conducted, while tobacco advertising with flavoring and misleading descriptors are also prevalent. Also, online tobacco marketing facilitate adolescents' access to tobacco product and that advertising and promotion activities lead to tobacco purchase without difficulties. Conclusions: Fundamental solution to prevent online tobacco advertisement and promotion is banning online sales of tobacco and conducting a regular monitoring for compliance. Korean government should consider establishing an official surveillance system for online tobacco advertisement, followed by a comprehensive ban on TAPS to fulfill its obligation as a Party to the FCTC.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Website service quality is widely accepted as one of the key determinants of online business success. Several studies identified key factors that determine the website service quality factors appropriate for online business environments. A convention and visitors bureau (CVB) website is a service portal that delivers information online about a destination so users can develop an overall image of the location. CVBs struggle to deliver positive destination images because the competition among destinations to host conventions is intense. In spite of the important role of CVBs and the beneficial spillover effect of CVBs, there are few studies available reporting on the unique service qualities of a CVB website. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the determining factors that are appropriate for CVB websites from the meeting planners' perspective. The research questions arc: What are the determining factors of service quality of a CVB website? Do the determining factors of CVB website service quality positively influence meeting planners' satisfaction? The new conceptual framework was developed from a variety of destination marketing and Internet marketing concepts: e-servicescape management, web community network, Internet service encounter management, and online system quality. Empirical results indicate that three of the four factors, that is, e-servicescape, web community network, and online system quality are important determinants in evaluating CVB website service quality. The findings also show that three determinants have significant and positive influence on meeting planners' satisfaction. The findings from this study will provide meaningful advice for CVB website quality management. To enhance the CVB website service quality and satisfaction level of meeting planners, these three determinants' should be considered of the utmost strategic importance and priority.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2012

The international community is paying close attention to the climatic changes caused by the meteorological anomalies. In response to such phenomena, after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, efforts to actively respond to the meteorological changes are proliferating all over the world; even in the Republic of Korea, the issue to tackle the meteorological changes has emerged as a top-priority national agenda. In the year of 2008, after the declaration of the low-carbon, green-growth paradigm by the government, the UNFCCC COP15 has announced a 30% reduction target of the emission of the greenhouse gases by 2020 as compared to the "Business As Usual, BAU" and has also confirmed, as a commitment plan to achieve reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases, the reduction target of greenhouse gases for all sectors, industries and years. (26.9% for buildings) Since the construction of the new apartment houses in the year of 2001, the "Building Energy Efficiency Rating", has been applied to newly constructed building complexes, built in 2010; the accumulated emission reduction has been evaluated at around 450,000toe and the accumulated carbon dioxide emission reduction is at $826,000tCO_2$ And through the prediction of these values under various scenarios (New construction, new construction / expansion of existing uses, when transferred to 1stgrade), the effects on the degree of reduction of greenhouse gases by the increased certification of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating are an alyzed and it is our aim to express the importance of the certification system capable of carrying out a quantitative evaluation of the building energy in order to establish the strategy to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2023

Sea level rise due to climate change is an increasing concern for the international community, and especially for coastal States. In case of regression of the coastal line or inundations of maritime features, including islands, the questions of whether coastal States are under an obligation to redraw their baseline and the outer limits of their maritime jurisdiction and of whether the existing maritime boundary treaties should be terminated are raised. This article reviews the arguments raised by the Small Island Developing States, International Law Association, and International Law Commission and suggests a solution within the current legal framework of the Law of the Sea through an interpretation of the existing provisions of the UNCLOS focusing on the legal issues relating to the Law of the Sea.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-75
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• 2024

Purpose: Nowadays, many restaurants use serving robots. Initially, many people thought that Covid-19 caused the spread of serving robots. However, even as the endemic, many restaurants still use serving robots. Therefore, this study examines why many customers choose restaurants with serving robots, using the UTAUT2 framework. Additionally, this study explores whether shyness has a moderating effect on these factors. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected from 307 consumers who had visited a restaurant using a serving robot and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 software. A total of 286 datasets were analyzed. Result: We found that the precedence factors of UTAUT2 (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Condition, Hedonic Motivation) had a positive effect on attitude. Furthermore, attitude had a significant positive effect on Behavioral Intention. However, shyness did not appear to have a moderating effect among these factors. This is likely due to customers using serving robots for very short time, as identified in the literature review. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was explained that Hedonic Motivation had the most significant positive effect on shaping attitudes toward restaurants using serving robots through the UTAUT2 model.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.237-269
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• 2016

Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) is the only intergovernmental space cooperation organization in Asia. Since its establishment to date, eight countries have signed the convention and become member states. South Korea participated actively in the preparatory phase of creating the organization, and one conference organized by AP-MCSTA which is the predecessor of APSCO was held in South Korea. However, after the APSCO Convention was opened for signature in 2005 to date, South Korea does not ratify the Convention and become a member. The rapid development of space commercialization and privatization, as well as the fastest growing commercial space market in Asia, provides opportunities for Asian countries to cooperate with each other in relevant space fields. And to participate in the existing cooperation framework (e.g., the APSCO) by the Asian space countries (e.g., South Korea) could be a proper choice. Even if the essential cooperation in particular space fields is challenging, joint space programs among different Asian countries for dealing with the common events can be initiated at the first steps. Since APSCO has learned the successful legal arrangements from ESA, the legal measures established by its Convention are believed to be qualified to ensure the achievement of benefits of different member states. For example, the regulation of the "fair return" principle confirms that the return of interests from the relevant programs is in proportion to the member's investment in the programs. Moreover, the distinguish of basic and optional activities intends to authorize the freedom of the members to choose programs to participate. And for the voting procedure, the acceptance of the "consensus" by the Council is in favor of protecting the member's interest when making decisions. However, political factors that are potential to block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are difficult to be ignored. A recent event is an announcement of deploying THAAD by South Korea, which causes tension between South Korea and China. The cooperation between these two states in space activities will be influenced. A long-standing barrier is that China acts as a non-member of the main international export control mechanism, i.e., the MTCR. The U.S takes this fact as the main reason to prevent South Korea to cooperate with China in developing space programs. Although the political factors that will block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are not easy to removed shortly, legal measures can be taken to reduce the political influence. More specifically, APSCO is recommended to ensure the achievement of commercial interests of different cooperation programs by regulating precisely the implementation of the "fair return" principle. Furthermore, APSCO is also suggested to contribute to managing the common regional events by sharing satellite data. And it is anticipated that these measures can effectively response the requirements of the rapid development of space commercialization and the increasing common needs of Asia, thereby to provide a platform for the further cooperation. In addition, in order to directly reduce the political influence, two legal measures are necessary to be taken: Firstly, to clarify the rights and responsibilities of the host state (i.e., China) as providing assistance, coordination and services to the management of the Organization to release the worries of the other member states that the host state will control the Organization's activities. And secondly, to illustrate that the cooperation in APSCO is for the non-military purpose (a narrow sense of "peaceful purpose") to reduce the political concerns. Regional cooperation in Asia regarding space affairs is considered to be a general trend in the future, so if the participation of South Korea in APSCO can be finally proved to be feasible, there will be an opportunity to discuss the creation of a comprehensive institutionalized framework for space cooperation in Asia.