• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.247-252
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• 2004

To secure stability and availability of Rammed Aggregate Pier method as the foundation of a structure, the bearing capacity and failure behavior characteristics was studied through soil laboratory tests in a model ground. In this study, soil laboratory tests use carried out to find the applicability of RAP method as the foundation of a structure. And bearing capacity and the failure mechanism of RAP method was studied according to relative density($60\%,\;70\%,\;90\%$), diameter(45mm, 60mm, 70mm) of each pier ana depth(5cm, l0cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm). Earth pressure cell is set up approach RAP and 1.0D space at RAP center. Bearing acpacity and the failure mechanism of RAP is investigated by load test As a result, bulging failure was happened in $5\~10cm\;(1.0D\~2.00)$ depth which the maximum lateral earth pressure is acting. Especially, diameter changing of RAP are in inverse proportion to the relative density and the lateral stress is very much influenced by the lateral earth pressure in every layer and tends to decrease according to depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.829-834
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• 2009

Alluvial soil is one of the most difficult grounds for tunneling works due to the insufficient ground strength and excessive ground water inflow. Dduk island in Seoul has a wide alluvium developed by two rivers, Han and Jung-Ryang. Subway tunnel of $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ line planed across Dduk island has highly poor ground conditions due to small cover and deeply developed alluvium. Moreover, much part of this tunnel is located parallel to the bridge foundations of another railway with a small horizontal distance. Original design was done in 2002 and construction has been in progress. During the construction, tunnel design has been partly changed and adjusted for the complex ground condition and the demand from related organizations. This paper intend to introduce the urban tunnel design and construction in alluvial soils. This line could be divided three sections(A, B, C) according to ground and adjacent conditions. Section A is featured by mixed tunnel faces consisted with alluvial soils and weathered or weak rocks. The feature of section B is that tunnel underpasses near the bridge foundations of another subway. Lastly, section C with a very short length is the most difficult construction conditions due to the small cover, poor ground, obstacles on and underneath ground surface.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to consider the present situation and cases of culture marketing as brand identity shown in Window Display Area, focusing on department store and fashion brand, one of the recent cultural trends. Display in windows of existing department store and fashion brand has represented ultimate goal of sales by coordination of products, seasons and themes based on profits. However, display has recently become brand identity which department store and fashion brand create by correlating art and commercialism since the era of various lifestyles and emotional consumption. Through identity in department store and fashion brand, cultural marketing shown in show window display space cooperates with customers, corporations, artists and culture and art foundations. The result of this research is the following : First, corporations result in improvement in their image and brand perception with a distinctive marketing strategy. Second, as an agent of art customers form a positive relation with corporations and can feel emotional values and enjoy culture through cultural marketing contents, which are shown by department store and brand. Third, we can expect that artists, culture and art foundations form the best partnership by creative activities with department store and brand and cultural marketing activities make a great contribution towards society.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2020

The current paper illustrates the effect of in-plane varying compressive force on critical buckling loads and buckling modes of sandwich composite laminated beam rested on elastic foundation. To generalize a proposed model, unified higher order shear deformation beam theories are exploited through analysis; those satisfy the parabolic variation of shear across the thickness. Therefore, there is no need for shear correction factor. Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations are presented to consider the effect of any elastic medium surrounding beam structure. The Hamilton's principle is proposed to derive the equilibrium equations of unified sandwich composite laminated beams. Differential quadrature numerical method (DQNM) is used to discretize the differential equilibrium equations in spatial direction. After that, eigenvalue problem is solved to obtain the buckling loads and associated mode shapes. The proposed model is validated with previous published works and good matching is observed. The numerical results are carried out to show effects of axial load functions, lamination thicknesses, orthotropy and elastic foundation constants on the buckling loads and mode shapes of sandwich composite beam. This model is important in designing of aircrafts and ships when non-uniform compressive load and shear loading is dominated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.583-598
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• 2020

This study is attempted to propose a new hybrid artificial intelligence model called integrative genetic algorithm with multivariate adaptive regression splines (GA-MARS) for settlement prediction of shallow foundations on sandy soils. In this hybrid model, the evolution algorithm - Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to search and optimize the hyperparameters of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). For this purpose, a total of 180 experimental data were collected and analyzed from available researches with five-input variables including the bread of foundation (B), length to width (L/B), embedment ratio (D_f/B), foundation net applied pressure (q_net), and average SPT blow count (N_SPT). In further analysis, a new explicit formulation was derived from MARS and its accuracy was compared with four available formulae. The attained results indicated that the proposed GA-MARS model exhibited a more robust and better performance than the available methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to investigate behavior characteristics of soil-cement piles in composite foundations through computer analysis. The soil-cement piles with cushion subjected to the vertical central loading only were analyzed using the program - “ABAQUS”. The investigation was conducted for various conditions including soil property, pile dimension, replacement ratio, pile/soil modular ratio, and load intensity. The results of analysis provided not only the load transfer and settlement behaviors but also the effective pile length and load distribution between a pile and soil. It was concluded that in the design of composite foundations, the modular ratio and replacement ratio are two design parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.764-767
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• 2005

This paper deals with the flexural-torsional free vibrations of circular strip foundations with a variable breadth. The breadth of strip foundation varies with the linear functional fashion, which is symmetric about the mid-arc. Differential equations governing free vibrations of such foundations are derived, in which Winkler foundation is considered as the model of elastic soils. Effects of the rotatory and torsional inertias and shear deformation are included in the governing equations. Differential equations are numerically solved to calculate the natural frequencies. In the numerical examples, the free-free end constraint is considered. Effects of the rotatory and torsional inertias and shear parameter on the natural frequencies are reported. Parametric studies between frequency parameters and various system parameters are investigated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.649-661
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• 2017

This paper is motivated by the lack of studies in the technical literature concerning to the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and aspect ratio on the vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite annular sector plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundations. The carbon nanotube-reinforced (CNTR) plate has smooth variation of CNT fraction based on the power-law distribution in the thickness direction, and the material properties are also estimated by the extended rule of mixture. In this study, the classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. Parametric studies are carried out to highlight the influence of CNTs volume fraction, waviness and aspect ratio, boundary conditions and elastic foundation on vibrational behavior of FG-CNT thick sectorial plates. The study is carried out based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity and in contrary to two-dimensional theories, such as classical, the first- and the higher-order shear deformation plate theories, this approach does not neglect transverse normal deformations. The annular sector plate is assumed to be simply supported in the radial edges while any arbitrary boundary conditions are applied to the other two circular edges including simply supported, clamped and free. For an overall comprehension on 3-D vibration of annular sector plates, some mode shape contour plots are reported in this research work.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2012

Many building foundations are embedded, however it is not easy to compact the backfill around the foundation especially for the deeply embedded ones. The soil condition around the embedded foundation may affect the seismic response of a building due to the weak contact between the soil and the foundation. In this paper, the response accelerations in the short-period range and at the period of 1 second (in the long-period range) for a seismic design spectrum specified in the IBC design code were compared considering perfect and poor backfills to investigate the effect of backfill compaction around the embedded foundation. An in-house finite-element software (P3DASS) which has the capability of horizontal pseudo-3D seismic analysis with linear soil layers was used to perform the seismic analyses of the structure-soil system with an embedded foundation. Seismic analyses were carried out with 7 bedrock earthquake records provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), scaling the peak ground accelerations to 0.1 g. The results indicate that the poor backfill is not detrimental to the seismic response of a building, if the foundation is not embedded deeply in the soft soil. However, it is necessary to perform the seismic analysis for the structure-soil system embedded deeply in the soft soil to check the seismic resonance due to the soft soil layer beneath the foundation, and to compact the backfill as well as possible.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.519-532
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• 2012

Using nondestructive testing techniques to evaluate the length or depth of an existing foundation is an important issue with potential high application values. One of these is to evaluate whether the foundation is broken after severe earthquakes. In this aspect, academic research related to nondestructive evaluation for caisson foundations is rarely reported. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of using Sonic Echo method to evaluate the depth of caisson foundations. Two types of caissons, simple cylindrical caisson and compound caisson with chambers, were studied for their responses to the Sonic Echo tests. The study was carried out in numerical simulation with finite element method and experimental way with in-situ tests. A bridge system which spans over Sofong Brook in Taiwan was selected for the tests in situ. The bridge system is still under construction and therefore the effect of different construction stages on the testing results may be studied. In this paper, the parameters to be varied for the studies include the testing locations and the existence of chamber plates, the bottom plate and the top plate. Finally some preliminary conclusions can be reached for a successful test.