• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

High quality drinking water can be produced by membrane separation process. A major problem in the current system is a membrane fouling control. In order to investigate membrane fouling due to E.coll removal, lab scale experiment using MF and UF and semi pilot plant experiment using UV radiation or not was performed. AS a result, the possibility of membrane fouling control by repressing of micro-organism on the membrane surface was clearly verified. But it was not clearly verified in this experiment the combined effect with other factors such as Turbidity, organic and inorganic matters.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.35-39
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• 2009

The fouling around the surface of hull and propeller caused by marine organism and sea water occur in the vessel which is taken up mooring in a quay for a quite long time. Moreover, those are able to give rise to the loss of speed performance. The purpose of underwater cleaning is to improve the performance of vessel and customer satisfaction through management for fouling condition of propeller and hull. Therefore, systematic approach in connection with underwater cleaning is required so as to obtain the stable speed performance. As a result, we evaluate the effect of propeller polishing to speed performance from the case of 115K COT and 4,250 TEU Container Ship. In addition, we issue the importance of underwater cleaning through comparison of speed results depending on conditions of hull surface painted by silicon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2000

Marine algae는 주된 fouling organism으로 전세계에 널리 분포되어 있고, 경제적 손실을 가져온다. 특히나 container ships와 large tanker에서 자라는 algae는 마찰력의 증가로 인한 speed 감소와 연료비의 증가와 같은 문제점을 가진다. 그래서 현재 antifouling paint로 TBT화합물을 사용하고 있지만, 이것은 해양생물에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 TBT 화합물 사용에 대해 제한하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해조류 추출물을 이용하여 무독성 천연 방오물질의 탐색을 목적으로 우선 선박이나 양식장 그물등에 많이 부착 성장하는 가시파래를 대상으로하여 이의 antifouling 효과를 나타내는 물질을 찾고자 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.417-418
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• 2001

진주담치는 전세계 온대 수역에 분포하는 법세계종(Cosmopolitan species)으로 연안을 따라 l0m 이내 수심에 대량 번성함으로서 이젠 오손생물(Fouling organism)로 알려진 종이다. 하지만 양식도 활발히 진행되고 있어 1990년대에는 35,000 여톤이 생산되어 패류 양식생산량의 10％ 내외를 차지하기도 한다. 진해만에서의 진주담치는 오랜 기간 양식이 진행되면서 시기에 따라 다량의 유생이 분포하는 지역으로 특별한 종묘 생산 없이도 양식이 원활한 지역이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.456-461
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• 2023

The Korea Maritime Environment Corporation is conducting a comprehensive survey of the national marine ecosystem under the commission of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) to ensure continuous use of the ocean, preserve and manage the marine ecosystem. The survey has set major peaks to investigate changes in the marine ecosystem around the Korean Peninsula. However as the peak has been set around the coast, it is necessary to expand the scope of investigation to encompass offshore areas. Meanwhile, the Aids to Navigation Division of the MOF supports a comprehensive national marine ecosystem survey providing photographs of fouling organisms during the Aids to Navigation lifting inspection, however, the photographs are provided only in consultation with the Korea Maritime Environment Corporation. Therefore, a study was conducted to generate information on fouling organisms using deep learning-based image processing algorithms by the lifting Aids to Navigation and dorsal buoys so that Aids to Navigation could be used as the major component of a comprehensive national marine ecosystem. If the Aids to Navigation are used as the peak of the survey, they could serve as fundamental data to enhance their own value as well as analyze abnormal marine conditions and ecosystem changes in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2022

Fouling organisms attached to a ship not only greatly increase the resistance of the ship as they grow on the hull but also cause disturbances in local marine ecosystems as they move with the ship. Accordingly, the International Maritime Organization has started discussing the removal of biofouling and evaluation of cleaning performance to prevent the migration of hull-fouling species. In this study, specimens of FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic), HDPE(High Density Polyethylene), and CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) materials used for small ship construction were cured in Gyeokpo Port (Jeonlakbuk-do) for about 80 days. Then, attached organism removal experiments were performed using a water jet nozzle. The results show that seaweeds, such as laver, were removed when the distance between the nozzle and the specimen was 1.8 cm and the pressure was 100 bar. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the cleaning of barnacles was possible only when the pressure was 200 bar or more.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

To understand the effect of heated effluent from a nuclear power plant on marine organism, experimental culture of Halocynthia roretzi was carried out at heated effluent of Wolsung nuclear power plant from January to December 1996. Temperature was $11.2\~27.9^{\circ}C$ and salinity was $32.54\~34.59\%_{\circ}$ during the culture period, The Growth of H. roretzi on lower area of Bonggil-ri (St. 1) was not normal in height, breadth and weight due to heated effluent. Daily growth rate (DGR) of H. roretzi about Kampo area (St, 4) was significant other station, and St. 1 was significant from other station except St. 4, Mytilus edulis was major fouling organism (over $90\%$) that were M. edulis, Dideninum moseleyi, Styela clava in experiment culture farm. St. 1 was higher (mean 143 individual) and St. 4 was lower (mean 56 individual) appearance attached of M. edulis. Growth of H. roretzi reduced when attached number of M. eduiis was increased, because correlation between DGR and number of M. edulis was negative.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.255-267
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• 2021

To understand the composition and community changes of benthic species by water depth (5 m, 20 m, 30 m) in the cage facilities, net substrate made of fish cages were installed at intervals of 2 months from March to September 2019, which is the main period of sessile organism recruitment. Water temperature and salinity varied in the ranges of 1~5℃ and 1~4 mg/L at 5 m from June to August, respectively, and less difference was observed according to water depth in other investigation periods. A total of 37 benthic animals were recruited, and Kamptozoa unid., Caprella scaura and Jassa slatteryi were verified during the entire study period. Mytilus galloprovincialis, a Mediterranean mussel, showed seasonality dominant only from spring to early summer (March to July). The community structure classified by temporal and spatial factors, and Bugula neritina, Kamptozoa unid., and Sertularella sp. contributed to the formation of the community. The depth of 5 m was exposed to environmental changes in water temperature and salinity temporally, so there was a seasonal variation in the composition of the sessile organism, but at depths of 20 m and 30 m, there was less significant environmental change and it showed relatively stable than 5 m.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The development of environmentally nontoxic or non-polluting antifouling additives that can be formulated in practical coating requires assay involving target organisms. Described here are the simple laboratory assays that have been developed using the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, a common fouling organism found throughout temperate and tropical seas. One of the assays depends on synchronous year-round mass culture, the procedure for which is described, of nauplii larvae and cyprids larvae. The laboratory assays provided quantitative estimates of toxicity and settlement inhibition of the test compounds. Laurinterol (1), isolaurinterol (2), alpysinal (3), and aplysin (4) have been isolated from the Korean red alga Laurencia okamurae. Their structures were identified by spectral data in comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1-4 inhibited larval settlement of the barnacle B. amphitrite with EC$_{50}$ values of 0.18- 36 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Com-pounds 2-4 showed larval toxicity against nauplii of the barnacle B. amphitrite with 5-10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, while laurinterol (1) exhibited no toxicity at even 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Therefore, laurinterol was expected as a promising natural antifoulant.t.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2006

Amphora costata W. Smith 1853 is a down thrown diatom species and also known as metal corrosive ship-fouling organism. A. costata was isolated from Alang ship breaking yard, Alang and evaluated the toxicity tolerance and growth responses of the cultures exposed to different doses of toxic and relatively accessible heavy metals, such as Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in the constantly monitored laboratory culture conditions. The strongest toxic effect was observed on A. costata exposed to Cd even at relatively low concentrations as compared to other metals. The following trend of decreasing order of toxicity i.e. Cd>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cu>Fe was observed, when they were exposed to equal concentration and expose time.