• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 2021

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of topical agents including natural products using for atopic dermatitis treatment via a review on the cases and clinical trials. Methods: Through a search on Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, DBPIA, NDSL, and OASIS, we selected papers that applied natural products externally for atopic dermatitis and analyzed them. Results: Finally, Seventeen papers were selected. As the primary outcome, changes in the SCORAD and EASI, were the most used. The most frequent type of external formulation was cream. In terms of the frequency of use, it was used at least twice a day in all studies. When evaluated based on SCORAD, EASI, SH and TEWL, the improvement effect on atopic dermatitis was highest when the ointment formulation and the moisturizer formulation were used. A few side effects of topical agents including natural products were observed, but most were mild symptoms and no serious side effects occurred. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it has drawn a significant trend for studies that have been published in the last 5 years that contain a single intervention for topical agents including natural products, and that it presents the direction and evidence for the application of external therapy to increase the therapeutic effect of atopic dermatitis.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1234-1242
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• 2003

In this paper we present a simple and efficient robust optimal design formulation for MEMS structures and its application to a resonant-type micro probe. The basic idea is to use the gradient index (GI) to improve robustness of the objective and constraint functions. In the robust optimal design procedure, a deterministic optimization for performance of MEMS structures is followed by design sensitivity analysis with respect to uncertainties such as fabrication errors and change of operating conditions. During the process of deterministic optimization and sensitivity analysis, dominant performance and uncertain variables are identified to define GI. The GI is incorporated as a term of objective and constraint functions in the robust optimal design formulation to make both performance and robustness improved. While most previous approaches for robust optimal design require statistical information on design variations, the proposed GI based method needs no such information and therefore is cost-effective and easily applicable to early design stages. For the micro probe example, robust optimums are obtained to satisfy the targets for the measurement sensitivity and they are compared in terms of robustness and production yield with the deterministic optimums through the Monte Carlo simulation. This method, although shown for MEMS structures, may as well be easily applied to conventional mechanical structures where information on uncertainties is lacking but robustness is highly important.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권3호통권46호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2000

하중-저항계수 설계법(LFRD)에 따르면, 단면 형상은 압축 요소의 폭-두께비 및 브레이스 조건에 따라 조밀, 비조밀, slender로 나누어 설계가 되어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LRFD시방서의 내용을 기준으로 2경간 연속보의 주형인 I형 거더를 조밀단면과 비조밀단면으로 나누어 설계하였으며, 최적화 기법을 도입하여 단면을 설계하였다. 본 연구는 최적화 기법을 이용하여 조밀 및 비조밀 단면에서의 단면 형상의 변화를 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2006

This study was aimed to design, formulate and characterize the moisture-activated patches containing acyclovir for antiviral action. Gel intermediates for film-type patches were prepared with mucoadhesive polymer, viscosity builders, enhancers and acyclovir. Patches containing acyclovir were characterized by in vitro measurement of drug release rates through a cellulose barrier membrane, and of drug flux through the hairless mouse skin. Film-type patches obtained were uniform in the thickness and showed a mucoadhesive property when contacted with moisture. The formulation was optimized, which consisted of $Cantrez^{\circledR}$ AN-169(2%), $Kollidon^{\circledR}$ VA 64(1%), $Natrosol^{\circledR}$(1%), hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin(1%) and dimethylsulfoxide(0.5%). Release rates of acyclovir patches increased dose-dependently. The addition of terpenes such as d-limonene or cineole increased release rates of acyclovir, but decreased permeation rates. The permeation rates were enhanced by 2 and 2.5 times by the addition of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt and sodium glycocholate, respectively, compared with that of no enhancer. These results suggest that it may be feasible to deliver acyclovir through the skin or gingival mucosa from the moisture-activated patches.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1429-1437
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 이완형 물성방정식을 바탕으로 하며 프와송 비가 일정하다는 가정을 하지 않는다. 또한 점탄성 지배방정식에 변분원리를 적용하고 유도되어진 식 에 유한요소해법을 사용하여 시스템 기본해석을 위한 연립방정식을 유도한다. 이와 함께 점탄성 물성함수의 유도 및 응력계산을 위한 공식화 과정도 설명한다. 제시된 방법론의 타당성 및 정확성을 보이기 위해서 평면응력 및 평면변형 문제의 변위 및 응력을 수치해석하여 이론해와 비교 검토하며, 아울러 시간증분의 변화와 Gauss poi- nts수가 수치정확도에 끼치는 영향을 조사한다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-132
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• 2015

This research formulates a closed-form equation to predict a glass panel cracking failure drift for several curtain wall and storefront systems. An evaluation of the ASCE 7-10 equation for Dclear, which is the drift corresponding to glass-to-frame contact, shows that the kinematic modeling assumed for formulation of the equation is sound. The equation proposed in this paper builds on the ASCE equation and offers a revision of that equation to predict drift corresponding to cracking failure by considering glazing characteristics such as glass type, glass panel configuration, and system type. The formulation of the proposed equation and corresponding analyses with the ASCE equation is based on compiled experimental data of twenty-two different glass systems configurations tested over the past decade. A final comparative analysis between the ASCE equation and the proposed equation shows that the latter can predict the drift corresponding to glass cracking failure more accurately.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2010

키토산 캐리어의 분자량차이에 따른 ${\alpha}$-cypermethrin 두 제형(Nano M.W. 3,000과 30,000)과 키토산 함량차이에 따른 etofenprox 두 가지 채형(Nano M.W. 30,000의 70%와 80%)의 처리후 경과일에 따른 목화진딧물과 복숭아혹진딧물의 살충율과 재체군증가율을 조사하여, 서방형 제형의 키토산 캐리어 나노제형 살충제의 실용화 가능성을 검토하였다. ${\alpha}$-cypermethrin 나노제형은 목화진딧물에 대해 처리 후 14 일이 경과했음에도 40% 정도의 살충율을 유지하고 있어 처리 후 시간이 경과했음에도 캐리어를 통한 살충제의 용출이 조절되는 것으로 확인되었다. 처리 후 4일까지는 나노타입간 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 처리 후 14 일 이후부터 키토산 분자량차이에 따른 제형간 차이를 보였는데, 키토산분자량 30,000 제형이 개체군증가율 -0.037로 3,000제형의 개체군증가율인 0.218보다 훨씬 낮아 살충효과의 지속성을 확인할 수 있었다. etofenprox는 두 종 모두의 진딧물에 대해 나노제형의 살충효과의 지속효과가 확인되지 않아 서방형 나노제형으로서 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.86-88
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• 2007

By reason of variation magnetic field, cogging torque is generated. Cogging torque of Spoke type motor is bigger than other type permanent magnet motor. So, this paper presents a design notch on stator and variation rotor shape to reduce cogging torque of Spoke Type motor. Through Fourier formulation of magnetic field on air gap, we found position of notch. The validity of the proposed design is confirmed with FEM analysis method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2020

We design the Green-Naghdi model type III (GN-III) with widespread thermoelasticity for a thermoelectric half space using a memory-dependent derivative rule (MDD). Laplace transformations and state-space techniques are used in order to find the general solution for any set of limit conditions. A basic question of heat shock charging half space and a traction-free surface was added to the formulation in the present situation of a traveling heat source with consistent heating speed and ramp-type heating. The Laplace reverse transformations are numerically recorded. There are called the impacts of several calculations of the figure of the value, heat source spead, MDD parameters, magnetic number and the parameters of the ramping period.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2020

Dynamic responses of porous piezoelectric and metal foam nano-size plates have been examined via a four variables plate formulation. Diverse pore dispersions named uniform, symmetric and asymmetric have been selected. The piezoelectric nano-size plate is subjected to an external electrical voltage. Nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) which includes two scale factors has been utilized to provide size-dependent model of foam nanoplate. The presented plate formulation verifies the shear deformations impacts and it gives fewer number of field components compared to first-order plate model. Hamilton's principle has been utilized for deriving the governing equations. Achieved results by differential quadrature (DQ) method have been verified with those reported in previous studies. The influences of nonlocal factor, strain gradients, electrical voltage, dynamical load frequency and pore type on forced responses of metal and piezoelectric foam nano-size plates have been researched.