• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.275-288
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• 1999

The purpose of this is providing a simple, relatively errorless body surface area calculation. Subjects were 10 married women and 10 singles women whose age was 20 to 29 years old. The Gypsum method has applied for the sampling of body surface. The Weight method has been used to measure body surface by means of transferring gypsum shape on uniform plane polypropylene films. In this study, compare analyzed errors between the traditional formulas for measuring body surface area and measuring data in this experiment. More than all, it has been to induce a regression equation for measuring body surface area, which is so simple to calculate with less errors, with variable factors as weight and height. The results of this experiment as follows : 1. In the traditional formulas, weight formula was shown high average error : Niya\`s height formula. which was modified K value as 0.62 in the height formula (S = KH) is shown lower average error than Lassabliere\`s Height formula. 2. In the weight-height formula (S=K √WH), it was shown high average error according to the increasing of K value. Kawanami\`s formula, which 5.378 as K value, was shown low average error both the singles and the married women. 3. Dubois weight-heingt formula (S=W/sup a/·H/sub b/·K) was shown low average error than the weight, height, weight-height (S=K√WH) formula. 4. The regression equations with variable factors as weight and height are 156.74W + 86.05H - 660.25 (Single women) and 136.02W + 90.57H - 6241.32 (Married women) the average error and absolute average error to the singles are 0.09%, 0.94% and resoectively -0.13%, 1.16% for the married women.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

Objective : To overcome the limit which is unaware of the herbal effects intensity of Traditional study based on "Yakdaeron(藥對論)", classification methods based on the curative effects, we aimed to express the herbal formula's effects numerically, compare one herbal formula with other herbal formulas and calculate the herbal effects and the herbal effects intensity by using conception, weight of the herbal effects. Method : We calculated the herbal effects through the proportion of each herbal quantity to whole quantity of the herbal formula and weight of the herbal effects through frequency and quantity in use on specific herbal effects field and the other herbal effects fields. We applied the weight of the herbal effects to calculating the herbal effects through the proportion of each herbal quantity to whole quantity of the herbal formula. Results : We expressed the herbal formula's effects numerically. By giving weight to the herbal effects, we found that 3-4 major effects among 4-5 major effects are ranked in 5th.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 1996

To evaluate the effect of low lactose special formula (MF-1) for the treatment of acute diarrhea, we studied thirty nine infants who were admitted with acute diarrhea to the Department of Pediatics, Yeungnam University Hospital. 39 infants of under 6 months of age who had been fed on formula feeds were randomly allocated to receive either a diluted regular formula milk or a low lactose special formula. Each infant received intravenous rehydration during fasting for 6-12 hours. Group 1 (n=15) was fed half strength of regular formula (80-100cc/kg/day) for the first 24 hours, three quarters strength formula (100-120cc/kg/day) for the next 24 hours, and continued feeding with the full strength regular formula milk. Group 2 (n=24), who fed the same amount of milk as Group 1, continued feeding with the full strength low lactose special formula from the start of feeding. Male to female sex ratio was 1.6 to 1. The characteristics of infants on admission were comparable in the age, the duration of diarrhea and the stool frequency before admission, the degree of dehydration. There were no significant differences in the duration of hospitalization, changes in stool weight and stool frequency after admission between two groups.(p>0.05) The Body weight and skin fold thickness were increased in group 2 who fed low lactose formula, but those who fed diluted regular formula showed reduction of body weight and skin fold thickness ($64.2{\pm}51.4g$ vs $-11.4{\pm}52.2g$, $0.6{\pm}0.8mm$ vs $-0.1{\pm}0.3mm$ respectively) during hospitalization. (p<0.05) We conclude that low lactose special formula milk can be recommended instead of diluted regular formula for acute diarrhea treatment in infants.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2013

Objectives : The objectives of this study is to establish data-base to find out similar herbal formulas with a particular herbal formula by comparing composition ratio of configuring herbs. And this thesis is to analyze differences of prescriptions and find out similar prescriptions by utilizing galenical mass ratio, which is directly related to effectiveness of galenical. Methods : This study was proceeded by using Access 2007 with Window 7(MS) and 2,787 prescriptions of which herbal configuration could be indicated by weight unit were analysed from Donguibogam. We standardize all units of the prescription and input the mass ratio data when entered galenical data. Results : We could confirm a degree of similarity between compared prescriptions and a particular prescription according to the sum of differences of herb weight ratio and similarity ratio. Conclusions : A most similar herbal formula could be searched through comparing multi prescriptions by multi prescriptions of herbal configuration from established herbal formula data-base where herb weight ratio of prescriptions is to be input.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Purpose: The use of soy-based infant formula has increased widely in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). This study aimed to provide evidence on the growth pattern of CMA infants fed with soy-based infant formula in an Indonesian setting. Methods: A multi-site, intervention study was conducted among full-term and normal birth weight CMA infants. Within six months, the subjects were provided with a soy-based infant formula. Weight, height, and head circumference were measured at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Adverse events were recorded by scoring atopic dermatitis and symptom-based clinical scores. Results: Based on the World Health Organization growth chart, we found that most of subjects had normal nutritional status for weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and head-circumference-for-age. There were statistically significant differences between baseline and end-line for weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference-for-age nutritional status. No allergic symptoms or intolerance toward soy formula were observed at the end of the intervention period. Conclusion: These results show that infants fed with soy-based infant formula have a normal pattern of growth.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the effects of fermented soybean(FSOB) on body weight and examined whether hepatic lipid accumulation are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, FSOB(1), (2) and (3). After mice were treated with FSOB for 9 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : 1. Compared with controls, FSOB-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in FSOB(3) and FSOB(1). 2. Compared with controls, FSOB-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio and blood plasma leptin levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in FSOB(3). 3. Compared with controls, FSOB-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. 4. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by FSOB, indicating FSOB do not show any toxic effects. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by FSOB, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that FSOB decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by FSOB. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that FSOB effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood plasma leptin level and improves hepatic lipid accumulation.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.5-19
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• 1998

This study presents results of surveys conducted Seoul and Kangreung public health center using structured questionnaire developed by researchers to identify factors that were relevant to the method of feeding. To compare the infant's development between the breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants, infant's height, weight, triceps skinfold during 1month and 4months were cheked. The results were as follows : 1. At postpartum, 59.1% infants had formula feeding, while 22.6% had breast feeding. At 1 month old, 49.6% infants had formula feeding, 27.8% had breast feeding. At 4 months old, 60.9% infants had formula feeding, while 26.1% had breast feeding. 2. 'Lack of breast milk' was the predominant reason for formula feeding. 3. The sujects didn't enough eat not only rice and seaweed soup but also any other specific foods during breast feeding period. 4. Factors that affected the method of feeding were the patterns of delivery, mother's height & weight, first baby feeding type(at post partum), infant sex, mother's age, preparation of breast feeding, first baby feeding type, regular clinic visit (at 4months old). 5. The birth weight and height were correlated with mother's weight and height. 6. There were no significant different on infant's weight, height, triceps skinfold between breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1997

One-to three -month-old infants(n=252) were compared their growth performance(weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). The weights of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum month were 4.50$\pm$0.48kg, 5.76$\pm$0.62kg and 6.67$\pm$0.68kg, respectively. The weigh of male infants was higher than females. The length were 53.7$\pm$2.6cm, 57.4$\pm$3.3cm, 61.1$\pm$3.1cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The length of male infants was higher than females, too. Overall there were no significant differences between feeding methods in weight, length, head and chest circumferences, and monthly weight and length velocity. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in weight, monthly weight velocity and chest circumference than the breast-feds. By Korean standards, weight-for-height Z-score were distributed from 0 to ＋2. Not only was there a few malnourished infants but also overnourished were noticed, especially in formula-fed group. From this survey, long-time survey on growth and development of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper grwoth standard for infant. And it was suggested the that the careful attention of polarized nutritional problems of early infants was needed, especially in formula-fed group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(1) : 3~12, 1997)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.626-636
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to examine effects of dietary intake of garcinia cambogia extract, soy peptide and L-carnitine mixture on body weight gain and obesity-related bio-markers in rats fed high-fat diet for 9 weeks with or without regular treadmill exercise. Forty 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; sedentary control group (SC), exercised control group (EC), sedentary formula-fed group (SF), and exercised formula-fed group (EF). The SC and EC rats were fed high-fat control diet (fat comprises$40\%$ of total caloris), and SF and EF rats were fed high-fat formula (composed of garcinia cambogia, soy peptide and L-carnitine) supplemented diet. Statistical analyses by two-way ANOVA indicated that the regular treadmill exercise significantly lowered cumulative body weight gain, total visceral fat mass, and epididymal, perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights, and serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL + VLDL cholesterol, insulin, c-peptide and leptin. Feeding the formula also resulted in significant reductions in cumulative body weight gain and visceral fat pad weights, along with other related parameters including serum total and LDL + VLDL cholesterol levels, and hepatic enzyme activities involved in fatty acid synthesis. Statistical analyses by one-way ANOVA revealed that the formula consumption significantly improved body weight gain ($18\%$ reduction), total visceral fat weight ($20\%$ reductions), and serum total ($43\%$ reduction) and LDL + VLDL cholesterol ($54\%$ reduction) levels, as well as serum levels of insulin ($49\%$ reduction), and c-peptide ($41\%$ reduction) in sedentary rats, but failed to exhibit significant reductions in these indices in animals under treadmill exercise program. Taken together, these results suggest that the treadmill exercise per n exhibited significant improvements in body fat reduction and other related bio-markers, and so the formula consumption did not achieve a further significant reductions in these bio-markers in exercised rats. Nevertheless, animals fed the formula with regular exercise showed the most efficient weight reduction compared to other groups either fed formula without exercise or received regular exercise without dietary supplementation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2022

Purpose : In 『Herbal Formula Science in Korean Medicine (HFSKM)』, the weight unit of Shanghanlun '1 Liǎng (一兩)' is mostly converted to 3 g. We tried to confirm whether the usages of the Shanghanlun prescriptions of HFSKM are valid in the view of safety and efficacy. Method : The toxicity of herbs in Shanghanlun were summarized. The prescriptions of HFSKM including herbs recorded by weight in Shanghanlun were compared with the pharmacopoeia usage. Domestic clinical case studies were analyzed to confirm the clinical evidence for safety and efficacy. Results : Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Ephedrae Herba, Pinelliae Tuber, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen and Scutellariae Radix have been reported to have toxicity. As a result of analyzing the 39 Shanghanlun prescriptions of HFSKM, 26 prescriptions were identified when they were within the pharmacopoeia usage, and 13 prescriptions were found in excess. As a result of analyzing the domestic clinical research papers, symptoms considered to be side effects were not mentioned, and improvement of the diseases was confirmed. As a result of measuring the actual weight, it was confirmed that the usage greatly exceeded the pharmacopoeia usage, such as 57.23 g for Pinelliae Tuber and 45.77 g for Armeniacae Semen. Conclusion : The composition of the prescription for Shanghanlun proposed in HFSKM is considered to be a reasonable dose, but continuous review and standard supplementation are necessary.