• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.251-276
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• 2015

The purpose of this article is to examine Israeli intelligence activity which had contributed to the building of Israel and of its national identity. In the late 19th, the Jews scattered around the world had shared the image of victims shaped in the history of the persecution. In this process, intelligence activity was a staple factor which established the state of Israel; political and religious community. Fighting against Arabs, Israel's intelligence agents had played key role in migrating Jews to Palestine and building their own state. In other words, Intelligence activity was the instrument of implementing political Zionism, Jewish nationalism. Even after independence in 1948, despite the opposition of Arab, Israeli intelligence agencies had persuaded the United States and the Soviet Union to recognize Israel as a member of the international society. Arab countries, nevertheless, had regarded Israel as 'a state to be disappeared', and its national identity was totally denied. However, Israel officially gained recognition for statehood through Arab-Israeli war and summit talks with Egypt. Israel finally restored the 'Promised Land' that is recorded in the Bible and established its identity of a winner. In conclusion, Israeli intelligence agency played a decisive role in founding the nation and even forming the consciousness of the people.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-80
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to analysis the swing of driver used by professional golfers during on-season. In order to collect on-season driver swings of research objects, which are three KPGA(Korean Professional Golfer Association) professional golfers, measurements were carried out right after the last game of a season. The analysis range was set to down-swing point while analysis was conducted to after-impact, release point. As a result, systematic process between leading segments of the previous precise kinematic analysis research seems to turn up the same. However, there were different results compared to the preceding research. All three testers expressed adduction of left hand which could not be described with forming cocking angle, in consequence, adduction of left hand does not have a big effect on formation of cocking. Moreover, chest movement right before the impact; which was emphasized in previous research, the direction was not opposite but the same with the ball.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

During warm forging, materials are formed in the temperature range of $300^{\circ}C\sim900^{\circ}C$. In this temperature range, the friction between the forging die and the material is very high and has a negative effect on the forming process causing severe die wear and possible defects in the component because of stick-slip. Thus, lubrication characteristics are a very important factor for productivity during warm forging. In this paper, ring compression experiments were conducted to estimate the friction factor between the die and the materials as the main factor in characterizing the lubricant. Also, ring tests using normal graphite power as a lubricant coating system were compared with tests using nano graphite powder. The results confirm that the nano graphite is superior to the normal graphite in view of its lubricating effect. In addition, the friction factor (m) was estimated with respect to the amount of the nano graphite content in the lubricant. With 10 % nano graphite the friction factor had the lowest value as compared to other amounts. It can be concluded that the amount of the nano graphite in the coating system can be optimized to obtain the best lubrication condition between the die and the material using ring test experiments.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2006

Cathode material, $(Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5})_{0.99}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$, for low temperature SOFC was prepared by the glycine-nitrate synthesis process (GNP). The characteristics of the synthesized powders were studied with controlling pH of a precursor. The synthesis BSCF powders with pH were agglomeration state and calcinations temperature has not influence on particles. Highly acidicprecursor solution increased a single phase forming the temperature. Also, synthesis BSCF powder was show result for thermal analysis and alteration of difference crystal with pH. It is considered that Ba and Sr cannot complex by carboxylic acid group of glycine, because under highly acidic condition the caboxylic group mainly combined with $H^+$ insead of alkali and alkaline earth cations. In case of using precursor solution with pH $2{\sim}3$, a single perovskite phase was obtained at $1000^{\circ}C$. Polarization resistance of $(Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5})_{0.99}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy from the two electrode symmetric cell. Area specific resistance of the $(Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5})_{0.99}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ air electrode at $500^{\circ}C\;and\;600^{\circ}C$ were $0.96{\Omega}?cm^2$ and $0.16{\Omega}?cm^2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.423-453
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• 2015

This study started with two questions. The first question is 'Why does organic agriculture want to be linked with cooperative?' The second is 'What is the characteristics of the mutual relationship between organic agriculture and cooperative?', especially in Wonju. Up to now, there have been various kinds of discussion about cooperation between organic agricultural campaign and cooperative in Wonju. But there are few concrete data showing what role cooperative plays in the cyclical process of production-distribution-consumption of organic agriculture. Thus, we conducted a survey applying the Delphi technique to the 35 organic agricultural specialists active in Wonju. First, small-scale family farm producers established a social economic cooperative network in around 2003 to perform 'the activities of innovators' through forming an organization. Producers moved from the stage in which they were supported one-sidedly by consumers to the stage where they could 'lead' cooperation. Each farm organization built a vertical integration, and horizontal cooperative systems with other farm organizations. But, practical cooperative activities have remained in the doldrums. They tend to show trends deviating from the principles of organic agriculture and cooperative. Second, the relationship between producers and consumers in Wonju can be described as 'producer-consumer cooperative type'. In Wonju, the producers' organization is not a sub-contractor which simply deliver organic agricultural products to producers' cooperative, but is an equal subject which creates its own value chain. The cooperative (cooperative organization) leads distribution and consumption of organic agricultural products and mutual communication. But, the closeness between producers and consumers has got loosened. And, it is problematic that the proportion of local food consumption in Wonju is very low. There is a very strong tendency to ride the central distribution system of producers' cooperative coalition. Consequently, it is necessary for producers' cooperatives in Wonju to run a local food distribution system based on the 'cooperative system among cooperatives'.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2018

In this study, Mg films were prepared on hot dip aluminized steel (HDA) by using a sputtering method as a high corrosion resistance coating. The corrosion resistance of the Mg films was improved by controlling the morphology and the crystal structure of films by adjusting the Ar gas pressure during the coating process. Anodic polarization measurement results confirm that the corrosion resistance of the Mg films was affected by surface morphology and crystal structure. The corrosion resistance of the Mg coated HDA specimen increased with decreasing crystal size of the Mg coating and it was also improved by forming a film with denser morphology. The crystal structure oriented at Mg(101) plane showed the best corrosion resistance among crystal planes of the Mg metals, which is attributed to its relatively low surface energy. Neutral salt spray test confirmed that corrosion resistance of HDA can be greatly improved by Mg coating, which is superior to that of HDG (hot dip galvanized steel). The reason for the improvement of the corrosion resistance of Mg films on hot dip aluminized steel was due to the barrier effect by the Mg corrosion products formed by the corrosion of the Mg coating layer.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

The self-annealing which leads evolution of microstructure in copper electroplating layers at room temperature occurs after forming deposition layer. During the process, crystal orientation, size and sheet resistance of plating layer change. Lastly, it causes the change of physical and mechanical characteristics such as a tensile strength of plating layer. In this study, the variation of incorporated impurities, microstructure and sheet resistance of copper plating layer formed by electroplating are measured with and without inorganic additives during the self-annealing. In case of absence of inorganic additives, the copper layer presents strong total intensity of incorporated impurities. During the self-annealing, such width of reduction was significant. Moreover, microstructure and crystal size are increased while the tensile strength is decreased noticeably. On the other hand, in the presence of inorganic additives, there is no observable distinction in the copper plating layer. According to the observation on movements of the incorporated impurities in electrodeposition copper layer, within 12 hours the impurities are continuously shifted from inside of the plating layer to its surface after as-deposited electroplating. Within 24 hours, except for the small portion of surface layer, it is considered that most of the microstructure is transformed.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2014

The sterilization of health care products is widely used to choose conventional Ethylene Oxide gas sterilization in South Korea. But the method has brought serious issues because of the toxic residual gas and global warming of $CO_2$ evacuation after the sterilization process. This study is carried out to confirm the application possibility of gamma sterilization instead of Ethylene Oxide in sanitary aid products. Four kinds of products (gauze, menstrual pad, bandage, menstrual tampon) were treated with gamma irradiation of 15 kGy, then analyzed the achievement of the sterility assurance level (SAL) $10^{-6}$ through BI test. The cytotoxicity of accelerated samples of 6 months elapse evaluated by means of colony forming rate at various concentration of the extracts. pH and UV measurements at extract concentrations were tested according to the MFDS (Ministry of food & drug safety) guideline to verify a stability & safety of product sterilized. The results revealed that the extracts did not show any significant changes in cytoxicity assay as well as pH and UV values by gamma sterilization. All extract concentration was observed high cell viability, pH and UV values were calculated within the acceptable range prescribed by the guideline. It indicates that gamma sterilization could effectively substitute for conventional sterilization such as Ethylene Oxide sterilization in the sanitary aid products.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.677-684
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• 2012

A feasible way to fabricate in-situ Al/TiC composites was investigated. An elemental mixture of $Al-TiO_2-C$ pellet was directly added into an Al melt at $800-920^{\circ}C$ to form TiC by self-combustion reaction. The addition of CuO initiates the self-combustion reaction to form TiC in $1-2{\mu}m$ at the melt temperature above $850^{\circ}C$. Besides the CuO addition, a diluent element of excess Al plays a significant role in the TiC formation by forming a precursor phase, $Al_3Ti$. Processing parameters such as CuO content, the amount of excess Al and the melt temperature, have affected the combustion reaction and formation of TiC, and their influences on the microstructures of in-situ Al/TiC composites are examined.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.193-239
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• 2013

A photograph, which was applied to contemporary art, plays a very important role in the whole of the multiplied and diversified contemporary arts today. The application of photos, which were shown in contemporary art following the 1950s, can be classified into five types according to role and function of a photo in the process of developing a work. However, this classification is shown a little ambiguously. That is because photos of being utilized by artists are indicated very diversely depending on their artistic strategy and situation. As the first type, a few painters utilize a photo as mirror of reality in order to materialize a challenging and revolutionary idea with going against traditional picture in their pictorial practice. As the second classification, especially American painters utilize a photo as material component of forming their picture like photo-montage or collage. The combined application of this medium is first doing genre de-construction and hybridization of post-modernism in the 1980s while ultimately aiming at social criticism or political satire. The third type implies particularly a case that avant-garde artists utilize a photo as evidence of a work. In this case, a photo is employed as evidence of a work, which disappears in the temporal space essentially like body art, land art, and performance. Also, as the fourth type is a case of utilizing a photo for artistic concept of a work, not pictorial practice of picture, it is utilized often as important artistic strategy of conceptual artists. The final type of utilizing photo is a case of applying photo as formative tool on behalf of dye-stuffs or crayon in order to record a section of reality, which always continues regardless of event or meaning any more, in the traditional picture. In this case, a work is indicated as a photo of having a form of picture, namely, as Forme-tableau. The main subject is indicated there as a daily case of being repeated always the extremely common and revived theme.