• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate the generality and applicability of Team-Based Learning model in a technical high school, based on the interviews with students and a teacher. Team-Based Learning model seems to be an effective way in improving the performance of groups as well as the individualized learning and team interaction. We applied a formative research method and identified the strengths of the model including learners' motivation and interests, learner-centered learning, self-efficacy through learning in advance, and concept acquisition from the repetitive learning process. However, we also found the weakness of the model including impracticality of instructional design, a lack of field-oriented problem banks, and needs for identifying learner characteristics and role in instruction. Finally, we analyzed the implications for the Team-Based Learning in the technical high schools in light of team formation, discussion types, active participation, and learners' prior knowledge and attitude, and pre-determined instructional design.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.402-411
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of a school's nutrition environment in explaining students' eating behaviors and weight status has not been examined in an Asian setting. The purpose of this study was to create a school nutrition environment index and to pilot test the index in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach. Environment assessment tools were developed based on formative research, which comprised literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Key elements from the formative research were included in the assessment tool, which consisted of a structured survey questionnaire for school dietitians. Fifteen school dietitians from 7 elementary and 8 middle schools in Seoul completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The formative research revealed four main sections that guided a summary index to assess a school's nutrition environment: resource availability, education and programs, dietitians' perceptions and characteristics, and school lunch menu. Based on the literature reviews and interviews, an index scoring system was developed. The total possible score from the combined four index sections was 40 points. From the 15 schools participating in the pilot survey, the mean school nutrition-environment index was 22.5 (standard deviation ${\pm}3.2$; range 17-28). The majority of the schools did not offer classroom-based nutrition education or nutrition counseling for students and parents. The popular modes of nutrition education were school websites, posters, and newsletters. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrates the process used to develop an instrument to assess a school's nutrition environment. Moreover, it presents the steps used to develop a scoring system for creation of a school nutrition environment index. As pilot testing indicated the total index score has some variation across schools, we suggest applying this instrument in future studies involving a larger number of schools. Future studies with larger samples will allow investigation of the validity and reliability of this newly developed tool.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.819-834
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• 2016

As a method to lead a change in mathematics education, recently reformation of assessment appears as a concept of process-focused assessment. Process-focused assessment is the concept that 2015 revised mathematics curriculum aims for, which is promoted also in policy. This research suggested a significance of process-focused assessment that has not been determined in conceptualization and the practical model. For this, this research investigated the content of the assessment on 2015 revised mathematics curriculum, and explored process-focused assessment based on the recent education assessment theory and research. Also, we suggested a model of practical plan by investigating the condition to perform the process-focused assessment. This research could take a basic role to practice process-focused assessment and investigate the concrete plan in the mathematics class field.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

The scale of visual expression has expanded from freeze frame to motion picture as media have developed. Moving pictures such as animation, movies, TV CM and GUI become formative elements whose movement is necessary compared to freeze frame as apparent movement phenomenon and unit structure such as short and scene appear. Therefore, of formative elements such as a shape, color, space, size and movement, movement is importantly distinguished in the moving image. The expression and form of image as a relationship between the signified and signifier explained by Saussure are accepted as a sign by mutual complement even though they limit the content. This makes it possible to infer that the formal feature of movement participates in the message content. To verify this, the result of moving picture visual perception experiment based on the gestalt grouping principle result shows that 70-80 percent of subjects think that 'movement' is the important grouping clue in perception. Movement affects the maintenance of the context of message content in the communication process when the meaning structure of moving picture is analyzed based on the structural feature. The identity can be maintained with if there is a movement with similar directive point even if the color and shape of people, things and background are changed. Second, the clarity of the content is elevated by a distinguished object as a figure by movement. Third, it acts as a knowledge representation which can predict similar movement process of next information processing. Forth, movement gives the content consistency even though more than two scenes have fast switch and complicated editing structure like cross-cutting. Movement becomes a clue which can make grouping information input by visual perception reaction. Also, it gives the order to the visual expression which can be used improperly by formation of structural frame of image message and has the effectiveness which elevates the clarity of signification. Moving picture has discourse with several mixed unit structures because it fundamentally contains time and the common and distinguished expression is needed by media-mix circumstances. Therefore, by the application of gestalt grouping principle to moving picture field, movement becomes the more distinguished than other formative elements and affects the formation of meaning structure. This study propose a viewpoint that develops structural formative beauty and new image expression in the media image field.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2002

Purpose : This research is aimed at developing a substantive theory related to the experience of adjustmented hemodialysis patients by identifying and analyzing the nature, process, and types of adjustment experienced by them. For this purpose, this study takes a grounded theory approach. Method : Data were collected from April, 2002 through September, 2002 through in-depth interviews and close observations of eleven hemodialysis patients who have experienced adjustment. With their consent, the interviews were recorded by audio tapes and later transcribed. Observation memos were also prepared on the subjects' behavior during the interviews. Data collection continued until saturated. The data were analyzed into concepts, subcategories, and categories with the open coding process. The axial coding was done to identify the relationships of the concepts and categories. And the selective coding was done to develop a core category, which is the central phenomenon of the hemodialysis patients who experienced adjustment. Result : This process resulted in 88 concepts, which may be grouped into 24 subcategories and 6 core categories. The 6 categories, in fact, depict the process of changes the patients experience from the sense of crisis, self-control, new life meaning, support system, coping ability, and quality of life improvement. And its core is self-control, which encompasses the dynamic stages from recognition, change attempts, belief solidification, and empowerment. Conclusion : The results of the research offer the following implications. First, research on adjustment is a formative stage in nursing, it is imperative for nursing researchers to develop them, which may be more relevant to nursing. Second, it is important to develop nursing intervention techniques that may be most effective in adjustment of hemodialysis patients and at the same time for each stage of changes taking place in adjustmented hemodialysis patients.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.117-125
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• 2003

If the collection of exhibit objects as well as exhibit planning are not in accord with the overall purpose of the exhibit, it will be difficult to attain satisfactory results. The present study focuses on the exhibit evaluation. The exhibit evaluation is very important because it allows the whole process of exhibit development to be reviewed, and it can point a way towards improving the exhibit. Research was conducted by literature review for the museum evaluation methods and by survey for the status of Korean exhibit evaluation. Several Korean History Museum Exhibitions were targeted as cases for this study. Structured and open-ended interviews with 70 museum specialists including curators and exhibit designers were conducted. In conclusion, museum evaluation methods were timely arranged first; front end analysis, second; formative evaluation, third; summative evaluation. Through the survey, one forth of museum specialist didn't have the concept of the exhibit evaluation. However they felt the importance of it.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.232-246
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate aesthetic characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of the style that European fashion(Paris, London, Netherlands) has accepted the since $19^{th}$ century. The mode Japonisme's development process in around $20^{th}$ century and 21st century has 6 characteristics as follows; 1. Accepting kimono as dressing gown 2. Accepting kimono as Japanese style's objet of Japanese taste 3. Accepting Japanese textile's skills, patterns, and asymmetry. 4. Accepting kimono's formative nature : flat pattern, flexibility, style etc. 5. Shocking of Japanese style's beauty 6. Accepting characters and casual wear Japanese aesthetic consciousness expressed on unconstructed design or deconstructed design that is the aesthetic characteristic of Japanese fashion is , , and the aesthetic consciousness expressed on Zen(Seon) style, cartoons of character fashion, and costume play is .

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2009

Chaos theory, qualitative study of unstable aperiodic behavior in deterministic nonlinear dynamical systems, is dominant paradigm in the twenty first century. Fractal geometry, as an expressed form of chaos, now influences many areas such as architecture, art, music, economics, literature, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze fractal geometry and fractal formative elements in architectural design. There are scaling, superimposition, distortion, deformation and repetition in the fractal form generator that can be applied to design concept and process in architecture. This study shows fractal geometry can be the architectural form creation method. Fractal geometry similar to nature's patterned order can be provided endless possibilities for design analysis and methodology in architecture. Therefore the further study of fractal geometry should progress synthetically through the basis of the study.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Modern people communicate in a digital space without being limited by physical space and time. On the internet, people's desire for self-expression is getting bigger, and the most common self-expression tool is characters. Characters are visual materials to express human thoughts and desires. This study is a method to positively express the viewer's self in an interactive Hangeul system. The proposed system produces new formative shapes and meanings of Hangeul through the process of deconstructing and reconstructing the characters. Immediate character transformations that are synchronized with the motion of the viewer act as a tool of self-expression by inducing the viewer's active interaction repeatedly. Therefore, the proposed interactive Hangeul is more than enough to be used as a new graphic tool beyond the text to be read, and it is highly likely to develop into cultural contents using it.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Experiential education is a core curriculum of pharmacy education. In experiential education, formative feedback is an integral component of learning and teaching process. Feedback is defined as information provided by a preceptor regarding student's performance based on direct observation. With effective feedback, students can have opportunities to reinforce or correct behaviors and to acquire knowledge or skills. Students highly value and appreciate feedback. They rank provision of effective feedback as one of the most important qualities of preceptors. Preceptors, however, lack an understanding of feedback or practical skills necessary for providing effective feedback. As a result in reality, the feedback provided to students can be differentially effective in improving students' learning. This article describes a theoretical understanding of feedback including definition and value, as well as types of feedback. In addition, practical aspects in providing feedback, such as contents, timing, techniques, and models, are addressed. By understanding the value of feedback and mastering various feedback skills, preceptors will promote students' learning and enhance educational outcomes of experiential education.