• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated daily root zone soil moisture dynamics and agricultural drought using a near-surface soil moisture data assimilation scheme with Soil Moisture Active & Passive (SMAP, $3km{\times}3km$) soil moisture footprints under different hydro-climate conditions. Satellite-based LANDSAT and MODIS image footprints were converted to spatially-distributed soil moisture estimates based on the regression model, and the converted soil moisture distributions were used for assessing uncertainties and applicability of SMAP data at fields. In order to overcome drawbacks of the discontinuity of SMAP data at the spatio-temporal scales, the data assimilation was applied to SMAP for estimating daily soil moisture dynamics at the spatial domain. Then, daily soil moisture values were used to estimate weekly agricultural drought based on the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI). The Yongdam-dam and Soyan river-dam watersheds were selected for validating our proposed approach. As a results, the MODIS/SMAP soil moisture values were relatively overestimated compared to those of the TDR-based measurements and LANDSAT data. When we applied the data assimilation scheme to SMAP, uncertainties were highly reduced compared to the TDR measurements. The estimated daily root zone soil moisture dynamics and agricultural drought from SMAP showed the variability at the sptio-temporal scales indicating that soil moisture values are influenced by not only the precipitation, but also the land surface characteristics. These findings can be useful for establishing efficient water management plans in hydrology and agricultural drought.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2021

Background: To suggest a reasonable isometric point based on the anatomical consistency of interosseous membrane (IOM) attachment in association with topographic characteristics of the interosseous crests, the footprints of the central band (CB) of the IOM on the radial and ulnar interosseous crests (RIC and UIC) were measured. Methods: We measured the distance from the CB footprints from each apex of both interosseous crests in 14 cadavers and the angles between the forearm axis of rotation (AOR) and the distal slopes of the RIC and UIC in 33 volunteers. Results: The CB footprints lay on the downslope of both interosseous crests with its upper margin on average 3-mm proximal from the RIC's apex consistently in the radial length, showing normality (p>0.05), and on average 16-mm distal from the UIC's apex on the ulna without satisfying normality (p<0.05). The average angle between the UIC's distal slope and the AOR was 1.3°, and the RIC's distal slope to the AOR was 14.0°, satisfying the normality tests (p>0.05), and there was no side-to-side difference in both forearms (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CB attached to the downslope just distal to the RIC's apex constrains the radius to the UIC that coincides with the AOR of the forearm circumduction, maintaining itself both isometrically and isotonically.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.389-406
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• 2011

As part of a feasibility study for introducing carbon labeling of fruit products in Korea, we explore the use of carbon footprints for Korean kiwifruit from Gyeongnam region as a case study. In Korea, the Korean Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (KEITI) is responsible for the carbon footprint labeling certification, and has two types of certification programs: one program focuses on climate change response (carbon footprint labeling analysis) and the other on low-carbon products (reduction of carbon footprints analysis). Currently agricultural products have not yet been included in the program. Carbon labeling could soon be a prerequisite for the international trading of agricultural products. In general the carbon footprints of various agricultural products from New Zealand followed the methodology described in the ISO standards and conformed to the PAS 2050. The carbon footprint assessment focuses on a supply chain, and considers the foreground and the background systems. The basic scheme consists of four phases, which are the 'goal', 'scope', 'inventory analysis', and 'interpretation' phases. In the case of the carbon footprint of New Zealand kiwifruit the study tried to understand each phase's contribution to total GHG emissions. According to the results, shipping, orchard, and coolstore operation are the main life cycle stages that contribute to the carbon footprint of the kiwifruit supply chain stretching from the orchard in New Zealand to the consumer in the UK. The carbon emission of long-distance transportation such as shipping can be a hot-spot of GHG emissions, but can be balanced out by minimizing the carbon footprint of other life cycle phases. For this reason it is important that orchard and coolstore operations reduce the GHG-intensive inputs such as fuel or electricity to minimize GHG emissions and consequently facilitate the industry to compete in international markets. The carbon footprint labeling guided by international standards should be introduced for fruit products in Korea as soon as possible. The already established LCA methodology of NZ kiwifruit can be applied for fruit products as a case study.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2013

This study was performed to find the effective post-emergence herbicides to control of Poa annua that has already emerged from the soil in Kentucky bluegrass. A total of 8 treatments consist of various post-emergence herbicides applied at recommended concentration or lower concentration than recommended concentration to prevent Kentucky bluegrass injury in this study. Methiozolin showed the least injury in Kentucky bluegrass during 40 days after treatments and there were no footprints by methiozolin in creeping bentgrass green during 20 days. However, Poa annua control was 60.4%, which was less than those of other 7 treatments in this study. Both of asulam sodium and iodosulfuron plus asulam sodium exhibited the higher Poa annua control of 81.7% and 82.2% respectively without serious injury in Kentucky bluegrass during 40 days, and they showed a slight footprints damage in creeping bentgrass green. On the other hand, critical Kentucky bluegrass injuries and the vivid and numerous footprints were occurred in treatments of trifloxysulfuron-sodium, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron and flazasulfuron, even though they were applied with only 1/4 of recommended concentration. Methiozolin is available to reduce gradually Poa annua population on Kentucky bluegrass without severe turfgrass damage. Asulam sodium or iodosulfuron plus asulam sodium could be useful to remove Poa annua by spot treatment but it is prohibited to spray directly on green even spot.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.284-293
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• 2006

Even though Ac/Ds gene-tagging systems have been established in many higher plants, maize is the only major plant in which short-distance transposition of Ac/Ds has been utilized to probe gene function. This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of obtaining new alleles and functional revertants from Ds insertion loci in rice. By analyzing 1,580 plants and the progeny of selected lines, the insertion sites and orientations of Ds elements within 16 new heritable alleles of three rice loci were identified and characterized. Intragenic transposition was detected in both directions from the original insertion sites. The closest interval was 35 bp. Three of the alleles had two Ds elements in cis configuration in the same transcription units. We also analyzed the excision footprints of intragenic and extragenic transpositions in Ds-inserted alleles at 5 loci. The 134 footprints obtained from different plants revealed predominant patterns. Ds excision at each locus left a predominant footprint at frequencies of 30-75%. Overall, 66% of the footprints were 7-bp additions. In addition, 16% of the excisions left 0-, 3-, 6-, and 9-bp additions with the potential of conserving reading frame.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.277-281
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.418-421
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed a hierarchical nearest-neighbor searching method for deciding fitness of a clustered segment. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between correct spots and atypical noisy spots in footprint patterns. Therefore we could not completely remove unsuitable noisy spots from binarized image in image preprocessing stage or clustering stage. As a preprocessing stage for recognition of insect footprints, this method decides whether a segment is suitable or not, using degree of clustered segment fitness, and then unsuitable segments are eliminated from patterns. Removing unsuitable segments can improve performance of feature extraction for recognition of inset footprints.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.46-67
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• 2014

The Dinosaur track-bearing deposits recently found at Bangudae Petroglyph site in Ulju (National Treasure No. 285) have been studied in the aspects of sedimentology, paleoenvironments, and significance in natural history. The dinosaur tracks occur in the Daegu Formation (late Early Cretaceous), and over 80 footprints including 43 ornithopod footprints, 36 sauropod footprints, and 2 theropod footprints are preserved in this tracksite. The track-bearing deposits consist of irregularly interlaminated siltstone and mudstone, calcareous sandy to silty mudstone, thin-bedded tuffaceous sandstone, planar- to cross-laminated sandstone, and thin- to medium-bedded graded sandstone, and they are interpreted to be sheetflood deposits on an alluvial plain. Diverse types of ripples and mudcracks, rainprints, and invertebrate trace fossils are observed in these deposits, and the crest-lines of wave ripples do not show preferred orientation. Dinosaur footprints occur as true prints, underprints, overtracks, and casts on the bedding surfaces, and the orientation of trackways are scattered. It is interpreted that paleoclimatic condition of the track-bearing deposits were semiarid with alternation of wetting and drying periods, and that dinosaurs frequented small and shallow ponds during wetting periods and recorded their tracks on an alluvial plain. The frequent occurrence of dinosaur tracks in study area indicates that the Cretaceous deposits around Daegokcheon Stream are very useful sedimentological and paleontological records to understand the paleoecology and paleoenvironments during the dinosaur age in Korean Peninsula. Consequently the dinosaur track-bearing deposits around Daegokcheon Stream should be further studied in sedimentary geology and paleontology in order to enhance cultural heritage value of the Petroglyphs of Bangudae Terrace as the World Heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 2009

LiDAR has capability of rapid data acquisition and provides useful information for reconstructing surface of the Earth. However, Extracting information from LiDAR data is not easy task because LiDAR data consist of irregularly distributed point clouds of 3D coordinates and lack of semantic and visual information. This thesis proposed methods for automatic extraction of buildings and 3D detail modeling using airborne LiDAR data. As for preprocessing, noise and unnecessary data were removed by iterative surface fitting and then classification of ground and non-ground data was performed by analyzing histogram. Footprints of the buildings were extracted by tracing points on the building boundaries. The refined footprints were obtained by regularization based on the building hypothesis. The accuracy of building footprints were evaluated by comparing with 1:1,000 digital vector maps. The horizontal RMSE was 0.56m for test areas. Finally, a method of 3D modeling of roof superstructure was developed. Statistical and geometric information of the LiDAR data on building roof were analyzed to segment data and to determine roof shape. The superstructures on the roof were modeled by 3D analytical functions that were derived by least square method. The accuracy of the 3D modeling was estimated using simulation data. The RMSEs were 0.91m, 1.43m, 1.85m and 1.97m for flat, sloped, arch and dome shapes, respectively. The methods developed in study show that the automation of 3D building modeling process was effectively performed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2017

The geology of Saok island area in Jeollanam-do can be divided into 4 lithologic types: Jurassic granite, Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, acidic tuff and acidic dikes. In the Saok island area, dinosaur and web-footed bird footprints, arthropod trackway and silicified wood were found recently in the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks which composed of alternating light grey sandstone, shale and mudrock. The fossil-bearing sedimentary rock is overlain by an acidic tuff, and the sedimentary rock and acidic tuff are cut by acidic dykes. In order to constrain the depositional age of the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in Saok island area, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages were determined in the tuffaceous sandstone and overlying acidic tuff. Zircon U-Pb ages of the sandstone and tuff are $83.58{\pm}0.86$ and $79.80{\pm}0.75Ma$, respectively, which belong to the Campanian of the Late Cretaceous. The U-Pb age of the acidic tuff indicates the eruption time of acidic tuff and thus the minimum age of the fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks in this area. Therefore, the formation age of the dinosaur and web-footed bird footprints can be constrained between 83.6 and 79.8 Ma.