• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.268-276
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• 2023

Alkyl butyrate with fruity flavor is known as an important additive in the food industry. We synthesized various alkyl butyrates from various fatty alcohol and butyric acid using immobilized Rhodococcus cutinase (Rcut). Esterification reaction was performed in a non-aqueous system including heptane, isooctane, hexane, and cyclohexane. As a result of performing the alkyl butyrate synthesis reaction using alcohols of various chain lengths, it was found that the preference for the alcohol substrate had the following order: C6 > C4 > C8 > C10 > C2. Through molecular docking analysis, it was found that the greater the hydrophobicity of alcohol, the higher the accessibility to the active site of the enzyme. However, since the number of torsions increased as the chain length increased, it became difficult for the hydroxyl oxygen of the alcohol to access the ^γO of serine at the enzyme active site. These molecular docking results were consistent with substrate preference results of the Rcut enzyme. The Rcut maintained the synthesis efficiency at least for 5 days in isooctane solvent. We synthesized as much as 452 mM butyl butyrate by adding 100 mM substrate daily for 5 days and performing the reaction. These results show that Rcut is an efficient enzyme for producing alkyl butyrate used in the food industry.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.60-73
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• 2017

Recently, the whole world is facing an unprecedented moment of opportunity, so-called The Fourth Industrial Revolution. As emphasized in the World Economic Forum held in January of 2016 at Davos, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is not merely a changes of technological devices. The fundamental of the revolution is new, innovative, and visionary business models which change the whole systems dramatically. One of the greatest challenges is to feed an expected population of 9 billion by 2050 in a impactful way. The system should be sustainable as well as beneficial in improving the lives of people in the food chain along with the ecological health of environment. The technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are expected to improve our food system. The smart farm technology such as precision planting and irrigation techniques will improve the yields of food materials. The smart food transportation and logistics systems will substantially improve the safety and human nutrition. The adaptation the Fourth Industrial Revolution technology will induce the smart supply chains, smart production, and smart products in food industry due to its flexibility and standardization. This will lead the manufactures to adapt to customers' changing product specifications and traceable services in a timely manner.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-76
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• 2009

As the flourish of today's supply chain, the traditional model of replenishment will cause accumulation of excessive inventory to the retailers and customers, or cause shortages and inability to meet the demands. To solve this problem, Theory of Constraints (TOC) proposed the replenishment model of demand-pull, combined with the establishment of factory-ware-house to achieve performance improvement. In the absence of empirical research, this study applied the Bean Game developed by Dr. Goldratt to design a supply chain system for different scenarios, in order to allow players and managers better understanding and supporting the TOC replenishment method through the operations of the game.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2018

Human enteric Adenovirus-41 (HuEAdV-41) causes gastroenteritis, which detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) base diagnostic system for clinical, food, environmental, fish and shellfish samples. We developed improved PCR and nested PCR primer set which had high specificity, sensitivity and reduced times. In this study, we compared seventeen conditions reported in the previous study that was using the PCR based HuEAdV-41 detection system, and non-enteric Adenovirus were detected in nine conditions. The most sensitive detection condition was up to 25 copies however it took 184 minutes of PCR reaction time. In this study, the PCR primer set developed had same level of sensitivity, it reduced the time of detection for clinical, food and seafood samples to 112 minutes. Developed nested PCR primer set needed 112 minutes but detected up to approximately 1 copy. In addition, developed PCR and nested PCR primer set was validated with twenty samples of underground water at random, of which ten samples showed specific band without non-specific reaction. We expect this study will be used to diagnose HuEAdV-41 from various samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-253
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• 1984

A simple and modified method is developed to determine a lipase activity. A linear relationship exists between the color intensity and the free fatty acid liberated by enzyme action. The range of determination is from 0.05 to $1.5\;{\mu}moles$ of long chain fatty acid (oleic acid) and 0.2 to $2.0\;{\mu}moles$ of short chain fatty acid (caproic acid). The cumbersome procedure of the removal of the upper aqueous phase which was required in the previous copper soap extraction method was eliminated by the movement of solvent phase to upper phase in the respective biphasic system with a mixture solvent (chloroform: n-hexane:ethanol = 49:49:2) and copper reagent saturated with sodium chloride.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1111-1118
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• 2023

As a long-term condition that affects the airways and lungs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation, emphysema, breathlessness, chronic cough, and sputum production. Currently, the bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed for COPD are mostly off-target, warranting new disease management strategies. Accumulating research has revealed the gut-lung axis to be a bidirectional communication system. Cigarette smoke, a major exacerbating factor in COPD and lung inflammation, affects gut microbiota composition and diversity, causing gut microbiota dysbiosis, a condition that has recently been described in COPD patients and animal models. For this review, we focused on the gut-lung axis, which is influenced by gut microbial metabolites, bacterial translocation, and immune cell modulation. Further, we have summarized the findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the association between gut microbiota and COPD to provide a basis for using gut microbiota in therapeutic strategies against COPD. Our review also proposes that further research on probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal microbiota transplantation could assist therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota to alleviate COPD.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.181-202
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• 2001

Recently there is growing concern regarding the service industry in Korea, especially the food service industry. The form of food service industry has become larger and speciallized by means of either implementing marketing programme in individual companies or the entrepreneurs' possesstion of chain stores. As the food service industry has extended throughout the whole of Korea, It has contributed enormously to the regional economy. These phenomena is based on the following facts; the increase in income level, the fast economy growth and change, rapid reform of social structure, and the change in status of the labor population. To meet these changes and reforms the food service industry in Korea has to form a new ideology that takes into account the interaction with globalization, the phenomena of instant-food consumption habit, a general increase in the those who eat-out, the two faces of luxury, and the blending of domestic extravagance and practicality, especially the influence of imported brands on advance technology and system utility on the economic section and style as a whole.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 1991

Aging is the progressive accumulation of changes with time associated with responsible for the ever-increasing susceptibility to disease and death which accompanies advancing age. Lipid peroxides easily produced in the membrane system by the chain reaction of free radicals which occurred from various environmental factors. The amount of lipid peroxides produced in biological system increased with aging process, and lipid peroxidation damages involved in aging process and pathological disorders. Although lipid peroxides have such deleterious effects on the organisms, there are numerous substances and mechanisms which prevent the reaction of peroxide formation and protect the subject from its toxicity. This review provides an overview of how does lipid peroxidation of unsaturated lipids take place by free radical, and what is the intervention of lipid peroxides in pathogenesis of some human diseases, and also how does food restriction influences the aging process and various pathological disorders. The major focus of this paper is to review the evidence indicating that food restriction retards the aging process, and possible mechanisms of its actions. Therefore, it discussed the effects of age and food restriction on life-span, membrane yield, lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition and peroxidizability, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, prostaglasndin and thromboxane synthesis, which may be concerned with blood flow, membrane fluidity, homeostasis and glomerular filtration rate in living body.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Form, increasing the income of fishermen and internationally competitive high value-added seafood merchandising consumers for the purpose of improving the reliability of the food as do Tongyeong Gyeongsangnam-piping of the high quality marine products traceability system for farm businesses. Real-time traceability of the seafood supply chain to manage RFID technologies and related IT technology was introduced in progress. In this study, real-time traceability of fish introduced to the features of RFID technology and to recognize its effects. And efficient distribution system of fish suggests ways to improve and execute simulation about supply chain.