• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

The acute oral toxicity of organogermanium, Ge-132 was evaluated in rats andmice. The changes of body weight and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after the oral administration of Ge-132, from 0.31 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for SD rats and from 1.25 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for ICR mice. No death and toxic effects were observed for 14 days. The body weight of rats was significantly decreased 1 day after the administration in the maximum dosing group, but the decrease of body weight returned to control level 3 days after dosing. No significant changes in 132. Therefore, Ge-132 has no special toxic effects up to 5 g/kg, and LD* values of Ge-132 Ge-132 are above 5 g/kg in rats and mice.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.629-634
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• 1998

1-Deoxynojirimycin which is a potent intestinal ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was purified from the culture broth by ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex LH20 column chromatography, TSK gel chromatography and HPLC respectively. Acute toxicity of 1-deoxynojirimycin, which was loaded through the oral as dose of 200mg/kg, was investigated in IRC mouse. None of the tested IRC mice were not dead and increase of body weight showed also the same results in comparison with control mice. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 20 pathogenic strains against 3 antidiabetic compounds (1-deoxynojirimycin, AO-128, acarbose) were obtained by agar dilution method. All of the three antidiabetic compounds has very weak antimicrobial activity (MIC>100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was known as endocrine disrupter revealing reproductive / developmental toxicity. For a long time, risk due to DEHP released from PVC medical devices was became an issue for patient receiving blood bag, iv injection solution like saline and Hartman's solution. This study was conducted to suggest permissible intake level (PIL) of DEHP based on reproductive toxicity, to quantify daily intake level of DEHP can be exposed to patient through various medical treatment and to estimate risk values of DEHP released from PVC medical devices.(omitted)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1994

The acute toxicity of recombinant human epidermal growth factor, DWP-401 was evaluated in SD rats. Male and female rats aging 6 weeks were administered orally or subcutaneously with 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg of DWP-401. No deaths and no toxic symptoms related to the DWP-401 were observed. The body weights of treated animals were not significantly different from the controls. The results of necropsy revealed no abnormal gross findings of the organs in treated animals. LD50 values of DWP-401 for male and female rats were estimated to be over 2 mg/kg, which is approximately 2, 000 times of expected clinical dose.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 1994

Adriamycin is a major cancer chemotherapeutic agent against a me range of human neoplasms. However, its clinical application is limited since It has a variety of side effects, bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxity, and this toxicity appears by free radical. This study investigated the effect of Ampelopsis radix on the toxicity of adriamycin. The methanol fraction reduced slightly adriamycin induced lipid peroxidation and superoxide production at the dose of 50mg /kg. 1.p., respectively. During the adriamycin administration. Protein bound-SH, nonprotein bound-SH, and glutathione-5-transferase did not change, but methanol fraction treated group were markedly increase. These results indicated that Ampelopsis radix has a major influence on the thiol group and related enzyme activity on the antioxidative effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2003

Chitooligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzing of crab shell chitosan. Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharides(LMW-chitooligosaccharides), 64.3% of which was composed of trimer, tetramer, and pentamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the chitosanase originated Bacillus pumilus BN-262. High molecular weight chitooligosaccharides(HMW-chitooligosaccharides), 49.3% of which was composed of chitooligosaccharides over heptamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the cellulase originated Trichoderma viride. Acute oral toxicity of chitooligosaccharides were tested in mice. Chitooligosaccharides did not have any toxic effect in mice and oral LD$\_$50/ value of chitooligosaccharides was over 5.0g/kg in mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.195-199
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• 2008

Alcoholism has been associated with folate deficiency in humans and laboratory animals. Previous study showed that ethanol feeding reduces the dehydrogenase and hydrolase activity of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) in rat liver. Hepatic ethanol metabolism generates acetaldehyde and acetate. The mechanisms by which ethanol and its metabolites produce toxicity within the liver cells are unknown. We purified FDH from rat liver and investigated the effect of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate on the enzyme in vitro. Hepatic FDH activity was not reduced by ethanol or acetate directly. However, acetaldehyde was observed to reduce the dehydrogenase activity of FDH in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an apparent $IC_{50}$ of 4 mM, while the hydrolase activity of FDH was not affected by acetaldehyde in vitro. These results suggest that the inhibition of hepatic FDH dehydrogenase activity induced by acetadehyde may play a role in ethanol toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.797-804
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• 2016

In an acute toxicity test for Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 0.5~10 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts were administered. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne did not produce acute toxicity even at high doses of 10 g/kg, making it a highly safe material. In the chronic toxicity test, oral administration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne up to 2 g/kg was carried out for 13 weeks, showing liver non-toxicity. The gout inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts was measured by inflammatory cytokine expression and foot thickness after 24 h of monosodium urate crystal (MSU) oral administration when inflammatory cytokine production reached a maximum. The group administered 2~4 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an inhibitory effect on gout inflammation and edema, whereas the 10 g/kg administered group showed an increase in inflammation. Therefore, the moderate concentration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract for gout inhibitory effect was under 4 g/kg. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect on MSU as a relatively safe material at high capacity. These results indicate that Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract is thought to be an excellent substance for gout prevention.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides have been widely used clinically for many years and were regarded as very safe. However, a few researches on the toxicities of these kinds of agents showed that some ginsenosides may have side-effect on the rats or dogs. So it is extremely necessary to further clarify the potential toxicity of ginsenosides. This study was carried out to investigate long-term toxicity and genotoxicity of 25-methoxydammarane-3, 12, 20-triol ($25-OCH_3-PPD$), a new derivative of ginsenoside, in beagle dogs. Methods: Twenty-four beagle dogs were divided randomly into four treatment groups and repeatedly orally administered with $25-OCH_3-PPD$ capsule at 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day for 91 consecutive days. Ames, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration tests were established to analyze the possible genotoxicity of $25-OCH_3-PPD$. Results: There was no $25-OCH_3-PPD$einduced systemic toxicity in beagle dogs at any doses. The level of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg/day. The result of Ames test showed that there was no significant increase in the number of revertant colonies of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ administrated groups compared to the vehicle control group. There were also no significant differences between $25-OCH_3-PPD$ administrated groups at all dose levels and negative group in the micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration assay. Conclusion: The highest dose level of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg per day, and it is not a genotoxic agent either in somatic cells or germs cells. $25-OCH_3-PPD$ is an extremely safe candidate compound for antitumor treatment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Bee Venom Extracts (F1, F3) in Spraque-Dawley. F1 was injected subcutaneously to rat at dose levels of 0, 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02 mg/kg/day for single-dose toxicity study and repeated-dose toxicity study. F3 was injected subcutaneously to rat at dose level of 0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3 mg/kg/day for single-dose toxicity study and repeated-dose toxicity study. In both studies, there were no dose related changes in mortality, clinical sign, body weight change, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, organ weights, urine analysis, biochemical examination, and hematological findings of all animals treated with Bee Venom (F1, F3). Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to Bee Venom (F1, F3). These results suggest that the subcutaneous NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) of Bee Venom (F1, F3) may be over F1 -0.02 mg/kg, F3-0.3 mg/kg.