• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2003

혐기성 미생물에 저해가 되는 물질을 포함하는 고농도 폐수의 효모에 의한 처리에 관하여 연구하였다. 폐수는 furfural 부산물이 배출되는 식품가공 공정의 배출폐수를 대상으로 실험하였다. 본 연구에서는 호기성 효모의 일종인 Candida utilis가 실험에 적용되었다. 회분 실험을 통하여 본 폐수는 혐기성 미생물에 저해 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 공정의 최적 온도는 25에서 45$^{\circ}C$이었으며 효모의 성장에 적당한 pH는 4에서 8사이임을 알 수 있었다. 연속실험 결과, 체류시간 1일 이상에서 COD가 90% 이상 제거되었다. 그러나 유출수 중의 유기물 농도는 여전히 다소 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 동력학적으로 해석하여 추정한 결과 남은 유기물은 대부분은 용존 미생물 생성물 (SMP, Soluble Microbial Product)에서 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2016

This study examined the regulation status on wastewater treatment in agro-food processing and a case study on effluent treatment m ethods was carried out to evaluate any change after the mitigation of regulation. First, in order to clarify the area of investigation, the definition of small-scale agro-processing facilities was reviewed through literature survey and local government ordinance. The current law were separately analyzed into four areas; effluent treatment facilities, development of agro-processing industries, land use and food processes equipment. The exclusion clauses on wastewater discharging facility in the enforcement regulation were defined in detail, which can be served in practice. Site survey, after the questionnaire survey of the person in charge of the local unit, was carried out. As the result, this survey confirmed the positive effects of the deregulation on promoting sewer system service in rural areas, introducing the new processing construction and so on. In addition, it was found that some matters to be considered to determine whether to introduce wastewater treatment plan for public food processing facilities.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

An anaerobic photosynthetic treatment process utilizing purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (PNSB) was applied to the recovery of organic carbon from food processing wastewater. PNSB cells, by-product from the treatment, have high nutrition such as proteins and vitamins which are a good alternative for fish feed. Effects of light source on performance of anaerobic photosynthetic process were investigated in this study. Two bench-scale photo-bioreactors were lighted with infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) and tungsten lamps covered with infrared transmitting filter, respectively, aiming to supply infrared light for photosynthetic bacteria growth. The photo-bioreactors were operated to treat noodle-processing wastewater for 323 days. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set as 6 days. Organic removals in the photo-bioreactor lighted with infrared LEDs (91%-95%) was found higher than those in photo-bioreactor with tungsten lamps with filter (79%-83%). Biomass production in a 150 L bench-scale photo-bioreactor was comparable to a 8 L small-scale photo-bioreactor in previous study, due to improvement of light supply efficiency. Application of infrared LEDs could achieve higher treatment performance with advantages in energy efficiency and wavelength specifity.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) and the combination of a coagulant and powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from fish processing effluent to reduce membrane fouling in microfiltration. The efficiency of each pretreatment was investigated through analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm ($UVA_{254}$). Membrane flux and silt density index (SDI) analyses were performed to evaluate membrane fouling; molecular weight distributions (MWD) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy were analyzed to assess DOM characteristics. The results demonstrated that $FeCl_3$ exhibited higher DOC and $UVA_{254}$ removals than PACl for food processing effluent and a combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC provided comparatively better results than simple $FeCl_3$ coagulation for the removal of DOM from fish processing effluent. This study suggests that membrane fouling could be minimized by proper pretreatment of food processing effluent using a combination of coagulation ($FeCl_3$) and adsorption (PAC). Analyses of MWD and FEEM revealed that the combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC was more efficient at removing hydrophobic and small-sized DOM.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2017

Functional and nutritional soluble proteins can be recovered from surimi (and surimi-like material) processing wastewater, reducing environmental problems and the cost of an irresponsible waste disposal. Recovered proteins may be added back at a low percentage to surimi products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of soluble recovered proteins (RP), obtained from mechanically separated chicken meat surimi-like material (MSCM-SLM) processing wastewater by acidic pH-shifting, on the composition and texture of RP-MSCM-SLM, with RP contents of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in the mixture. For that, proximate composition and gel properties were evaluated. The fat content of the MSCM-SLM was significantly reduced to 11.98% and protein increased to 83.64% (dry basis) after three washing cycles. The addition of 30% RP in the MSCM-SLM significantly augmented the protein content to 93.45% and reduced fat content from to 2.78%. On the other hand, the addition of RP was responsible for a drastic decrease in texture parameters, reaching 252.36 g, 185.23 g.cm, and 6.97 N for breaking force, gel strength and cutting strength, respectively, when 30% of RP was included in the MSCM-SLM. It was concluded that the obtained intermediary product (RP-MSCM-SLM) is a good option to applications in processed meat products where high texture parameters are dispensable, e.g., emulsified inlaid frankfurter-type sausages, but high protein content and low fat content desired.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment efficiency including reaction kinetics and hydraulic characteristics of food processing wastewater by using an ejector-type aeration system (ETAS) in activated sludge process. The oxygen transfer efficiency in ETAS can be changed in accordance with the depth of reactor. However, the optimum air velocity was found less than 1.82 m/hr at a superficial liquid velocity of 634 m/hr. The ETAS process showed higher organic material removal efficiency than that of the existing activated sludge process under hydraulic detention time 6 to 12 hours. This process, which can maintain MLVSS highly, is able to have high organic material removal efficiency at short HRT and deal with variable organic material loading.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2009

This research expands investigations into the biomass resource potential associated with California's food processing industry by surveying industries within a two county region in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. A previous survey conducted in 2005 for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) quantified residue and waste generation from food processors and food preparation businesses in the Sacramento region. The present survey investigates residue and waste streams from food processors located in Merced and Stanislaus Counties. Sixty food processors were identified to participate in the survey, of which 49 responded (82%) and data were acquired for 38 (63%) (6 facilities closed or moved, 8 decided not to participate). Within the two counties, total annual waste among survey respondents amounted to 24,044 dry tons of high moisture (${\geq}$60%) food residuals, 5,358 dry tons of low moisture (<60%) food residuals; and 23.7 million $m^3$ of wastewater containing 38,814 tons of biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$). The total potential electric power generation from these food residues was estimated at approximately $7\;MW_e$. Total solid waste resource included in the survey response was estimated at about 10% of statewide residue generation for processors falling within the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System Major Group 20 (Food and Kindred Products) categories.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1992

The Louisiana crawfish industry comprises the largest concentration of crustacean aquaculture in the United States. Processing plants throughout the culture region annually generate as much as 80 million pounds of peeling waste during recovery of the 15% (by weight) edible tail meat. A commercial oil extraction process for recovery of carotenoid astaxanthin from crawfish waste has been developed. Crawfish pigment in its various forms finds applications as a source of red intensifying agents for use in aquaculture and poultry industries. Crawfish shell, separated in the initial pigment extraction step, is an excellent source of chitin. Applicable physicochemical procedures for isolation of chitin from crawfish shell and its conversion to chitosan have been developed. Crawfish chitosan has been demonstrated to be both an effective coagulant and ligand-exchange column material , respectively, for recovery of valuable organic compounds from seafood processing wastewater.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

미생물연료전지는 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 동시에 전기에너지를 얻을 수 있다는 측면에서 커다란 장점을 가지고 있다. 대부분의 유기성폐기물들이 발효과정을 거치면서 고농도의 VFAs가 생성되므로 미생물연료전지가 이들 VFAs로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보는 것은 아주 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 acetate, propionate, butyrate 및 실제 폐수인 식품가공폐수로부터 미생물 연료전지를 이용하여 전기발생 여부를 알아보았으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미생물연료전지를 이용하여 VFAs(acetate, propionate, butyrate)와 식품가공폐수로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있었고 투여한 acetate 농도에 비례하여 cathode로 전달되는 전자(Coulomb)는 비례하였다. 낮은 농도의 acetate에서 발생파워와 acetate 농도 사이에는 비례관계를 보였다. 이는 미생물연료전지가 낮은 농도의 유기물을 측정하는 센서로서의 가능성을 보여준다. acetate에 순화된 산화전극에 butyrate를 넣었을 때 순화의 시간이 필요하였으며 일정 순화시간 후 voltage가 증가하였다. 그러나 propionate를 넣었을 때는 순화시간 없이 급격하게 voltage가 상승하였다. 따라서 미생물연료전지의 생성파워가 향상된다면 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 실생활에 이용할 수 있는 전기로 변환하는 장치로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.673-674
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• 1994