• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and eating behaviors of middle school students in Kwangju area about food and nutrition section of Home Economics course. The subjects were 480 middle school students. The major results were as follows： On the perception f food and nutrition section, the 1st graders learned ‘how to settle the problems related to food and nutrition and food choices’. The 2nd graders learned ‘the knowledge and principle of food and nutrition for improving dietary life’. The 3rd graders learned ‘actual dietary life functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’. Consequently, there was a significant difference in each grade and all boy and girl students have the highest response to the item ‘they learn how to settle the nutrition problem and foods choices’. On the interests in food and nutrition section, lower graders and girl students have higher interest than hgiher graders and boy students. The area which was considered as most interesting in food and nutrition sections was ‘cooking’ in all students. The perception of the concern on dietary life after learning food and nutrition section was higher in the 1st graders. On the perception of the area where was a great change in their own dietary life after learning food and nutrition section, the 1st graders responded there was a great change in ‘balanced dietary life’, the 2nd graders in ‘eating habit and nutrition of adolescence’and the 3rd graders in ‘cooking’. Especially, girl students showed more changes. On the perception of degree which food and nutrition section gives a help to actual life, students over 50% responded that it was helpful to their actual life. This showed that the lower the grades, the more help it gave to those students. On the perception of mother’s job, the students with working mother considered that they learned ‘actual dietary life functions like functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’from the food and nutrition section. In addition, they had high interests in the area of ‘cooking’. It was recognized that as the family size was greater, the food and nutrition section gave more helps to actual life. On eating behaviors of breakfast, the higher the grade, the more frequent they don’t have breakfast, boy students have more frequencies of having breakfast than girl students and the primary reason of not having breakfast is poor appetite. On whether going without a meal affects study or not, most of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd graders whether they are boys and girls or not responded it affected their study. On eating behaviors of lunch, most of boy and girl students in the 1st, 2nd 3rd grade have lunch box. On eating behaviors of supper, eating time is usually between 7：00 and 8：00 p.m and eating hour is mostly 10 or 15 minutes. On eating behaviors between meals, frequency of eating between meals is mostly once or twice a day and girl students have more frequencies of eating between meals, and the cause was hunger commonly in boy and girl students and ‘killing time’in girl students. The focus in getting the foods is ‘taste’and favorite food is fruit regardless of the grade.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data of nutrition education for obese children and to examine food habits, food behaviors, and nutrition knowledge. A convenience sample of 84(male:62, female:22) obese children was selected from "98 Children Nutrition Camp". The survey design employed a structured questionnaire. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The percentage of the subjects who overestimated their body weight was higher in female compared to male. Only 35.9% of highly-obese subjects considered them as 'very fat'. The experience of weight control was higher in female than in male, and it was also higher moderately- or highly-obese subjects compared to mildly obese. 2. 64.3% of subjects reported that they regularly eat breakfast. The percentage of the subjects who indicated that they eat at regular meal time or they eat very irregularly was highest in the highly-obese subjects. 3. 34.5% of subjects reported that they eat very fast. The eating speed was slower in female compared to male, and in obese subjects. 55.4% of subjects reported that didn't eating out. 4. 80.9% of subjects had snacks, and most of them had snack between lunch and dinner. The reason the subjects eat snack was hunger. The most favorite snack was cookies. 5. The most preferred and distasteful food was meats(32.1%) and vegetables(67.1%), respectively. 6. The score of food behaviors was relatively low in most subjects. 7. The level of nutrition knowledge was in order of fair(83.1%), poor(9.6%), excellent(7.3%), and was higher in male compared to female. Consequently the results of this study showed to disagreement among food habits, food behaviors and nutrition knowledge, and feel keenly the necessity of education connecting of these. This education had to be practical education to change food behaviors.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits, healthy eating behaviors, food preference etc. of university students for them to enjoy delightful and healthy campus life and offer preliminary data to the related educational facilities and households for them to make use of the data for making out a menu. We conducted survey aiming at 4-year-course students in Jeonbuk area and survey period was from May 6th of 2013 to May 24th of 2013. The result are as followings. First, food habit evaluation with 10 questions shows that they are inclined to have refreshments, water, vegetables, fruits, grains and protein food often and also eat food blandly. So, we consider this finding is generally positive. Second, through the research on their healthy eating behaviors, we learned their interests in healthy food is average and their selection criteria for healthy food is nutrition value. Information sources for healthy food are mainly TV or mass media and good healthy food in their opinion is Korean food. Third, the findings of food preference show university students like the white rice most but don't like the rice with beans most in terms of rice type. We also found their favorite food is fried rice, favorite noodle is spaghetti, favorite soups are thick beef soups, favorite broth is potato and pork rib broth, favorite stew is kimchi stew, favorite steamed dish is braised short ribs and favorite meat is pork.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices in poor eating infants. The participants were 80 infants of 12-24 months (27 poor eaters and 53 matched normal controls) from a hospital and a public health center. Mothers were questioned about their eating behaviors and feeding practices, and infants' temperaments, eating behaviors, and nutrient intakes by one day food recall. Subjects were divided by mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR, < 0.75; poor eater). Intakes of Ca, P, Fe, Zn, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, E, folate were below 75% RDA in poor eaters, whereas protein, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B$_6$, C, folate exceeded 125% RDA in good eaters. Rhythmicity of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, restriction of mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices were significantly lower, whereas activity levels of infants' temperaments were higher than good eaters. In multiple logistic regression model of poor eaters, activity of infants' temperaments (T, OR: 1.19, CI: 1.05 - 1.35) and attention spans of infants' eating behaviors (A, OR: 1.18, CI: 1.03 - 1.35) were significantly positive, whereas rhythmicity of infants' eating behaviors (R, OR: 0.79, CI: 0.61-0.94) was significantly negative [E (the legit) : -6.8644+0.1712$\times$T-0.2337$\times$R+0.1641$\times$A]. Our findings suggest that examination of eating behaviors, feeding practices, and temperaments will help target interventions to improve infants' food intakes, and these variables should be examined at the time of nutrition counseling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate nutritional intake, the dietary behaviors and plasma lipid profile between smokers and non-smokers of college male students in the Gyeonggi Area. Dietary behaviors and attitude toward smoking were investigated by questionnaires. The result obtained were as follows: There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors. However, smokers tended to eat more snacks and desserts than nonsmokers. In plasma lipid levels, smokers had higher levels of plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol than that of non-smokers(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was a lower than that of non-smokers although the difference was not significant. AI(Atherogenic Index), Total /HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of smokers were significantly higher than that of non-smokers(p<0.01). BMI and SBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.01) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01). DBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the consumption pattern, behaviors, and motivational attitudes related to fruit and vegetables. Data were collected from 344 mothers whose children were attending an elementary school and a middle school in Kimcheon. The average vegetable expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing vegetables was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the vegetables at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying vegetables, housewives considered the organic vegetables, preference, price, and nutrition in order. In the family, the vegetables were favored by husbands most and by sons least. The average fruit expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing fruit was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the fruit at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying fruit, housewives considered preference, price, and nutrition in order. The fruit were favored by all members most and by husbands least. Housewives identified barriers to increasing vegetables and fruit consumption, including preference for other foods, lack of availability, cost, and time and effort to prepare. Several implications for nutrition interventions were suggested. First, a key motivation for these women was eating healthy food when they are pregnant, suggesting a persuasive appeal to use in interventions. Second, review of the women's current behaviors led to an identification of four specific behaviors that had the most potential for increasing overall consumption. Finally, the findings suggested ways in which nutrition interventions could address each of the barriers identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the food behaviors of college students through a food record method. In this study, one hundred and sixty seven students of Dankook university were chosen(male:77, female:90). We collected data about nutrients intake and food behaviors. Food behaviors included a frequency of both meal and snack, meal time, eating place, person with whom they ate, reason for eating, feeling after eating, and activities during mealtime. The results of the study were summarized as follows. Energy intake per day of male and female were 2201kcal and 1781kcal, respectively. Expect for the protein, vitamin C and phosphate, nutrients were not satisfied with the RDA, especially the intake of vitamin A, Vitamin B2, and calcium was very low. Average eating frequency per day was 5.1 and meal eating frequency per day was 2.6. In addition, male ate more frequently than female did. The interval between breakfast and lunch was 295 minutes, and between lunch and dinner was 373 minutes. The places where they ate the meal and snack were mostly school and restaurant at lunch and dinner, and there was not a significant different between weekday and weekend. On weekdays, the 40~50% of subjects had a breakfast with family, and most students had a lunch or dinner with friends. During weekend, although the percentage of students who had a lunch and dinner with family were increased, a lot of students had a lunch and dinner with friends or alone. In case of reason for meal and snack, the 60~70% of subjects answered that they ate the meal for hunger, and there was not different between weekday and weekend. 60~70% of subjects felt that they eat proper, but the percentage of overeat was increased for dinner. Most students were talking with others while they had a lunch. About 20% of subjects ate only food at both breakfast and dinner and 30% of subjects were watching TV. In correlation between nutrients intake and food behaviors, the higher frequency of eating, the higher carbohydrate intake in male. In case of female, protein intake and dinner time showed the negative correlation, and protein intake and mean intervals of eating had a positive correlation. In case of male, reason for eating affected the nutrient intake, but eating place, after feeling and activity for eating had no relation with nutrients intake. But in case of female, these factors affected nutrient intake. Therefore, food behaviors had an effect on nutrients intake, and the type of effect was different between male and female.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-209
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to figure out the effects of consumers' recognition and shopping motives for local food on purchase behaviors. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 350 consumers who have experienced in purchasing local food in Wanju from May 21 to May 30, 2014. The results were as follows. First, the effects of consumers' recognition for local food on purchase behaviors showed that cognitive, regional, sanitary and public perspectives had a positive effect on repurchase intention(p<.05). Cognitive and sanitary perspectives had a positive effect on recommendation intention(p<.01). And cognitive, ecological, regional, sanitary and public perspectives had a positive effect on preference(p<.05). Second, the effects of consumers' shopping motives for local food on purchase behaviors showed that while convenient and economic motives had a positive effect on repurchase intention(p<.001), a hedonic motive had a negative effect on repurchase intention(p<.001). While convenient and economic motives had a positive effect on recommendation intention(p<.01), a hedonic motive had a negative effect on recommendation intention(p<.001). And convenient and economic motives had a positive effect on preference(p<.001). In other words, consumers' recognition and shopping motives for local food had positive negative effects on purchase behaviors. As stated above, cognitive, regional, sanitary and public perspectives they are usually hearing had a positive effect on the consumption of local food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

As the elderly population has increased in the advanced countries, food intake, relationship of nutrient intake and disease has become major problem in the aged. To investigate the dietary behaviors and the preference of food of the elderly for developing meal planning, the study was conducted through survey questionnaires including 24-hr dietary recall, dietary behaviors, food preference and frequency of food intake to 352 elderly (104 male and 248 female) who were more than 60 years old and living in Seoul. Most of subjects ate three meals regulary and the most preferred taste was sweet and the less preferred taste was sour. Dietary behaviors according to educational level were shown that the skipping meal time and duration time of one meal were significant difference in educational level. Most of the elderly subjects like kimchi and soybean paste soup. The more educated elderly were preferred milk. The reason of dislike of milk was bad flavor and diarrhea. Most of them who graduated from university and high school selected fishes because of good for health primary, otherwise no educated, elementary school and middle school graduated elderly selected vegetables primary. Meats, fishes, seaweeds, mushrooms, fruits, milk and milk products, eggs and vegetables intakes of total elderly subjects were significantly positively related to educational level. With respect to milk and milk products intakes, cheese, yogurt (curd) and milk intake of elderly was significantly negatively related to age. Therefore education for developing desirable dietary behaviors and improving the meal patterns should be in forced to elderly, especially who had poor educational background in order to manage the meal planning and to care for their health in the later life.