• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 2005

This study aimed to estimate the effect of the home based food supplying program in single living female elderly on the basis of depression, Health and Nutrition Risk Index, dietary attitude and dish consumption frequencies. The Food Supplying Program was carried out for 8 months for 27 single living female elderly from lower income status in Bucheon city. Main supplied foods were consisted with soymilk, vegetables, fruits and fish. The effect of the food supplying program were analyzed for 22 elderly who completed the program (group supplied with food : GSF) compared to the group not supplied with food (GNSF). The results of this study were as follows: Degree of depression estimated with depression score and Health-Nutrition Risk Index were decreased and the scores of dietary attitude and behaviors were increased for GSF after 8 months. However these improvements were not shown in the GNSF. GSF showed significantly increased consumption frequencies in soybean milk, tangerine, stir fried anchovy and yogurt, where as GNSF was observed with the decreasing trend in most of the dishes. In conclusion, home based food supplying program for single living female elderly not only increased the consumption frequencies of some dishes but also improved depression rate, Health and Nutrition Risk Index and dietary behavior concomitantly.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2007

전국 각지에 소재한 초·중·고등학교 중 우유급식 시행교 52학교와, 우유급식 비시행교 37학교를 지역별로 랜덤으로 선정하여 1 개월 동안 제공된 식단의 영양 평균치를 분석한 결과, 우유급식 시행교가 에너지, 동물성 단백질, 동물성 지질, 당질, 동물성 칼슘, 인, 동물성 철분, 칼륨, 비타민A, 콜레스테롤 등의 섭취량이 높았으며, 특히 동물성 단백질(p<0.01), 동물성 칼슘(p<0.001), 인(p<0.001) 등은 우유급식 시행교가 우유급식 비시행교보다 섭취량이 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 특히 점심급식에서의 칼슘 섭취량은 우유 급식시행교가 우유급식 비시행교보다 약 1.5배가량 높았으며, 권장량에 대한 칼슘섭취량의 평균 백분율은 우유급식 비시행교의 경우 $24{\sim}28%$를 충족하고, 우유급식 시행교의 경우 $43{\sim}51%$를 제공하고 있어, 우유급식을 하지 않을 경우 점심급식으로 제공되는 칼슘섭취량이 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 전체적으로 우유음용으로 한식이 주인 학교급식식단의 영양공급상의 문제점을 상당량 보충시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 평균 15~20%의 잔반량을 고려할 경우 우유음용에 따른 영양섭취량의 차이는 더욱 클 것으로 추정되어 학교우유급식의 확대가 시급히 요구됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of food commodity supplementary program for low-income, living alone elderly people. The subjects were 57 low income aged females who lived alone in Bucheon city. The food commodity supplementary program lasted for 6 months, supplying one meal per day consisting with grains, meat, vegetables, dairy and fruit. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood profiles were assessed. After 6 months of food commodity supplemented period, dietary intakes of protein(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05) and vitamin B(p<0.001) were significantly increased. The mean weight(p<0.05) and BMI(p<0.05) were increased, and the frequency of BMI over 25kg/m$^2$ was also raised from 54.4% to 59.7%. Serum concentrations of total protein(p<0.001) and albumin(p<0.001) were significantly increased, indicating improvement of protein status. The frequency of anemia was decreased from 45.6% to 26.3%. However, the proportion of dyslipidemia was increased. In general the stable food commodity supplementary program was effective to improve general nutritional status of the poor aged who lived alone, however, nutrient intakes still did not meet RDA for the elderly and the rates of obesity and dyslipidemia were increased. Therefore, local government should provide more active food support program and the selection of food items for commodity should be evaluated at regular intervals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1977

A communal feeding program has been managed mostly by the Sae Ma Eul Women's club of agricultural cooperatives during busy days of farming in rural Korea and spreading rapidly throughout the country since a couple of years ago. Four communal feeding villages from 3 provinces in Korea were purposively selected. The food and nutrient intake of 524 participants were measured by the Precise-Weighing method for 3 days from October $7{\sim}16$ 1976. Total amount of food consumed per participant per two meal day was 1456 grams, greater than national average. Two meals that the communal feeding program provided to farmers under the intensive work of harvesting were supplying enough calories and all other nutrients except the riboflavin. There was a variation among CF villages but overall the nutrient intake was good and had balanced meals. This investigation is a part of the study on nutrition supported by a grant from USAID.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate whether there is a difference in calcium intake between elementary school students who are participating in the school milk program and those who are not. The study samples consisted of 240 milk program participants and 120 non-participants in the fifth and the sixth grades at a school located in Cheong-ju. The survey questionnaire included questions related to general status, drinking milk at school, and intake of milk and dairy products at home. An FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) was composed of 30 calcium-supplying foods, which surveyed the normal intake amount at one time and the frequency per month. The average daily intake of calcium by the participants (1052.3 mg) was higher than that of the non-participants (772.5 mg) by 279.8 mg, and the major consumed food item contributing to the difference was milk. The major sources of dietary calcium were 'milk' for the participants and 'ice cream' for the non-participants. In a question asking the reasons for participation in the program, 48.8% of the participants answered 'benefits to health', and the primary reason why the nonparticipants did not drink milk at school was 'stomach pain' (55.0%). Among the participants, 80.4% said they 'are drinking milk at home', which was in contrast to only 50.8% of the non-participants. And 48.7% the participants said they drank 'more than 1 cup' of milk at home, and 47.5% of the non-participants said they drank 'less than 1 cup'.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the food behavior and dietary fiber intakes of high school girls using questionnaires and 24-hr recall method. Collected sample were 263 girls from 4 different high schools. The dietary intakes were analyzed by the DS24 WIN program. The average height and weight of the respondents were $161.0{\pm}5.0$ cm and $51.8{\pm}6.3$ kg. The average BMI was $20.2{\pm}2.2$ which was within the normal range. The breakfast skipping rate was 39.2% and the reason of breakfast skipping were lack of time(50.0%), irregular meal time due to eating between meals(17.0%) and poor appetite(13.7%). The average daily energy intake of the respondents was 1741kcal. Beside protein, phosphorus, iron, niacin, vitamin A, and B1, all other nutrients intake level were below the recommended intake(RI). Average calcium and folate intakes were below the EAR as of $59.5{\sim}89.7%$ and $63{\sim}83%$ respectively. The average dietary fiber intake of the subjects was $15.6{\pm}5.2$ g, between 3.4g-35.2 g, and the respondents coumed $9.2{\pm}2.6$ g/kcal of dietary fiber. The main sources of dietary fiber were rice and kimchi which supplied 14.75% and 13.66% of total dietary fiber respectively. Also the major food groups supplying dietary fiber were vegetables and cereals, 36.90% and 31.06% of total dietary fiber respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.508-514
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze information about food and nutrition presented through the television broadcast media, with the aim of finding out the optimal communication method for supplying the general public with accurate information. To perform this study, a total of sixteen monitoring people were recruited and trained before and during the study. Five domestic TV channels were selected to be monitored, and the total monitoring period was six months. For maximum efficiency, the monitoring people were assigned to 8 teams. The results of the present study can be summarized as follows : First, the total reported cases of information about food and nutrition were 237, of which about 30% were judged appropriate and 70％ as inappropriate. Second, classifying each case by program type, information programs made up the highest portion at 82 cases (34.6%), cooking programs accounted for 76 cases (32.1%), news programs for 40 cases (16.9%), and entertainment programs for 7 cases (3.0%). The analysis showed that the greatest amount of incorrect information was found in dramas, followed by entertainment, information, cooking and news programs. Third, classifying each case by theme of contents monitored, meal preparation and cookery made up the highest portion at 86 cases (36.3%), foods accounted for 67 cases (28.3%), disease and diet-therapy for 40 cases (16.9%), eating habits for 31 cases (13.1%), and diet and fitness for 13 cases (5.5%). Incorrect information was conveyed most often on the themes of food habits, foods, disease and diet-therapy, cookery, and diet and fitness. Fourth, classifying each case by channel, Cable TV had the highest frequency at 72 cases (30.4%), MBC had 51 cases (21.5%), SBS had 43 cases (18.1%), KBS1 had 41 cases (17.3%) and KBS2 had 30 cases (12.7%). In conclusion, systematic monitoring should be continued to reduce the frequency of incorrect information being broadcast and to help ensure that accurate information is conveyed to the general public. Moreover, there should be a system of cooperation to provide information to help broadcast production teams establish a strategic program. Finally, it is essential to organize an advisory team by promoting links between the mass media and specialists in the field, and to develop an educational program on nutrition to help ensure the communication of accurate information on food and nutrition. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 508∼514, 2003)

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

주요 가금티푸스 유발균인 Salmonella gallinarum에 대항하는 항체를 계란으로부터 효율적으로 얻기 위하여 사료 첨가제, 산란계에 백신 주사 시 adjuvant 종류, target균 외의 첨가균의 여부에 따른 계란 내의 면역 단백질 생산을 비교 측정하였다. 참숯의 급여에 의한 면역처리구의 specific IgY 함량을 보면 0.5% 참숯을 급여한 처리구가 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, specific IgY의 생산에 참숯의 급여가 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Adjuvant 처리에 따른 total IgY 함량의 변화는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으나 specific IgY는 Freund's adjuvant를 사용하여 백신 처리한 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. Adjuvant 사용 시 결핵균을 같이 첨가한 경우 더 많은 specific IgY가 생성되었으나, 수산화 알미늄 처리구에서는 결핵균 첨가에 의한 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 15주령에 면역처리를 해준 경우 21주령에 면역처리를 해준 경우 보다 산란율이 높았으며, 사료에 참숯을 첨가한 경우 일반사료 급여군에 비해 산란율저하가 완화되었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to clarify success factors for desirable relationship between buyer and supplier in elementary school. Therefore, the survey questionnaire consisted of general background, past success, success difference, buyer-supplier relationship characteristics(trust, supporting status, communication behavior, conflict resolution techniques, supplier selection process). The subjects were 66 dieticians of elementary school in Inchon. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : Average total cost/day per one person ￦1,156. The number of suppliers per one school were 6. 92.3% of the subjects were in favor of private contract, regarding contract methods of purchasing food materials. For the past success, degree of satisfaction about past their supplier showed 3.49 score. The present success difference was shown higher than the past success. There was significant correlation between the past success and the present success difference. Trust about suppliers showed 3.40score. Supplying companies hardly support for buying school. Among information quality(timely, accurate, adequate, complete, credible), timely and complete showed lower score than the other kind of elements. Among the buyer-supplier relationship characteristic elements, only trust correlated with satisfaction about suppliers significantly. Among the conflict resolution techniques, joint problem solving and persuasive attempts were often made use of by subjects. The supplier selection criteria were shown quality(7.47), supplier's capabilities(6.46), management plan(6.00), price(5.73), scale(5.48), assets(5.27), considers delivery(4.76) and technology(2.39). As results, trust was needed for the desirable relationship between buyers and suppliers. This study has some limitations. The data in this study were collected from only buyer. It is more desired to acquire data from suppliers also.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2019

Kimchi is a refreshing sour food which gives sour and carbonic acid taste of carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation process. So, carbon dioxide injection was tried to raise carbonic acid taste of kimchi stored in the airtight container. First, carbon dioxide injection times of a given gas supply system were determined experimentally to attain initial concentration of 80% for different solid/liquid ratios. Since carbon dioxide is dissolved in kimchi to decrease its concentration during storage, periodical carbon dioxide injection conditions were needed and determined to keep the $CO_2$ concentration above 70%. For the initial flushing to 80% $CO_2$ concentration in model system filled with water, the injection time ranged from 40 to 89 seconds for free volumes of 2-8 L. $CO_2$ injection conditions for the under-ripened storage at $10^{\circ}C$ consisted of longer time at more frequent cycles for watery kimchi than for Chinese cabbage kimchi. At $0^{\circ}C$ of subsequent ripened stage storage of watery kimchi, the periodical injection at 3 hour interval was required because of continuous dissolution of carbon dioxide. However, Chinese cabbage kimchi did not require subsequent $CO_2$ injection during the ripened state storage and needed only flushing to 80% $CO_2$ at time of the container opening and closing. These results can be used as basic information for the programmed control of $CO_2$ injection in the kimchi container system.