• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the existing pain assessment methods including the tools developed for use with nonverbal older adults with dementia, and to suggest recommendations to clinicians based on the evaluations. Computerized literature searches published after year 2000 using databases - Google scholar, RISS, KoreaMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, CINAHL - were done. Searching keywords were 'pain', 'pain assessment', and 'cognitive impairment/dementia'. The pain assessments for non-communicative dementia patients who are unable to self-report their pains are often made using the assessment tools relying on the observation of behavioral indicators or alternatively the strategy of surrogate reporting. While several tools in English version and only one in Korean are suggested for the pain assessments based on the observation of behavioral indicators, none are commonly used. In this review, we selectively evaluated those tools known to show relatively higher degree of validity and reliability for nonverbal older adults with dementia, namely, CNPI, DOLOPLUS 2, PACSLAC, PAINAD, and DS-DAT. It is hoped that the present review of selected tools for assessing pain in those vulnerable population and the general recommendations given be useful for clinicians in their palliative care practice. And future studies should focus on enriching the validation of the useful tools used to observe the nonverbal patient's behavioral indicators for pain in Korean.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Purpose - This study focused on providing strategic findings that make significant sense for companies that are looking for a future outsourcing strategy. The study analyzes the results of outsourcing in the information logistics systems field and verifies the results through experimental study of the performance delivered by logistics outsourcing types. Research design, data, and methodology - The study sample was assembled based on a random sampling method used to extract the initial 451 companies from a list of Korean distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. Following that sample process, 423 companies were confirmed by verifying their e-mail address and contacts (telephone and fax numbers), and were selected as initial research subjects. We reduced that number to 331 companies for the survey sample through telephone interviews in advance with the 423 companies that were targeted, in order to verify whether they are in the field of outsourcing of information logistics systems. The period of the survey extended from November 10, 2013 to January 10, 2014. The number of collected surveys totaled 181. We reviewed the contents of the survey responses, and reduced the number of research subjects to 175. In this study, we used a standard analysis to investigate whether there is a difference in distribution results based on different types of outsourcing information in the logistics system field and, through T-verification, we investigated whether the difference between distribution results in each group resulting from that standard analysis is statistically significant. Results - These results show that there is a difference in distribution outcome, based upon type of distribution outsourcing. In addition, we determined that they are meaningful results by confirming that, for usability and to improve the capabilities of a third-party logistics service supplier, both the choice of reasonable outsourcing types and the enhancement of various types of alliances are very important success factors. Taken together these study results, with a goal of enhancing the distribution capabilities of a Korean distributor, can be implemented to enhance management results achievable by supplying an information logistics system in the form of strategic outsourcing rather than in the form of simple outsourcing. In addition, the outcomes of logistics distributors in Korea that are using outsourcing in the logistics information systems field show high performance results in commercial endeavors in the following order: competitive, pre-competitive, non-competitive, and pro-competitive. Conclusions - This study focused on providing strategic findings. However, in the case of outsourcing in the field of information logistics systems of Korean distributors, there has been a focus on simple outsourcing rather than on strategic outsourcing; furthermore, there has been a concentration on non-competitive forms instead of pro-competitive forms, which could achieve better distribution results. This discussion is presented in more detail in the analysis results of this study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.333-338
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• 2012

Cultural goods is carrying nature and value above-mentioned a commodity to what a cultural element was commercialized. And it produced for the purpose of manufacture for popular sales and supply, and holding commercial character. Specially, cultural goods of a museum keeps a good memory to a sightseer, and broaden an educational experience, and the source of profit becomes it to a seller a producer. This cultural goods as they all include the artistic historical figurative background that they are displayed directly and got twisted up to collection have background which became a motive. Cultural goods can acquire cultural difference in globalization and have to be based on the soil of cultural heritage, starting around various cultural materials through practical value to a modern life. Internationally, cultural goods using a culture material development have competitiveness of nation as in it. Therefore, Baekje cultural goods need national and positive aid from the government with the customer satisfaction index considering the modern design, an age group, an internal and external commodity as the difficulty of various commodity development and managing museum shop. Furthermore, like overseas museum shop, if we are practically using on-off line, continuous promoting our commodity, and marketing strategy such as a membership system when buy our cultural goods, a special discount event etc., we can contribute to activate local economy as a museum shop when we have responsibility of the function and the part.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.119-133
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• 2012

Recent rise of social media channel is changing social and economic paradigm and is being used as an effective communication in marketing. The following research analyzes the most employed social marketing tools such as portal advertisement, blogs, and SNS channels to effectively execute social media marketing from performance indicator and ICSI perspective, analyzes each channel's characteristics and results based on Korea distribution companies' case studies and suggests a framework to effectively use each channel. Portal site advertisements are the most effective channel to draw customers with new information and are thus linked to profit by corporations with excessive budget and workforce. Blogs target a specific range of customers providing quality information and knowledge thus improving a corporation's and its product's trustworthiness, spread the word by allowing customers to scrap the information, form social groups and synthesize ideas, events, new contents and social involvement with loyal customers. SNS channels allow customers to get involved in real time information and events, grow through network by the power of customers, react immediately to customers' needs, and execute real-time market and customer reports. Though national corporations currently rely heavily on portal site advertisements, insightful marketing professionals are showing financial results with blog and SNS. In the future, based on a precise understanding of each channel's benefits and expected results, and with a focus on flexibility, timeliness and integrated use of each channel, a portfolio of dynamic marketing as a maximizing strategy could be synthesized.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2010

As mobile communications service is growing every single year in Korea, it has pulled the interest of many researchers as wells as the executives. This research is aimed to find out factors of the mobile market that affect the utilization of mobile communication. We adopted a survey method with a pinpointed focus on how users' profile and individual experience relates with the utilization of mobile communication. For this objective, first, we primarily analyzed the mobile users' characteristics and service usage patterns. Then, we developed a conceptual model and hypotheses that are empirically examined using a covariance structure analysis, which will contribute to investigating critical success factors in mobile business. Some suggestions constitute the remaining part of this research. First, user characteristic is an important factor that affects the amount expended for mobile service. Second, user experience is another critical aspect that is highly linked with mobile payment. In alignment with our research, we propose user characteristics such as age and income, and user experience about mobile internet usage and mobile contents usage are of great significance in devising both near- and long-term mobile business strategy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the educational effects of the SSI program using Digital Storytelling (DST) approaches. Since DST provides students opportunities to express their own opinions in the form of stories and to share learning outcomes through the web, we developed and implemented SSI program by adopting the concept of DST in order to produce synergistic effects on student learning. Twenty-four 9th graders who enthusiastically engaged in the DST-based SSI program participated in this study. The students responded to focus group interviews after the instruction, and all interviews were transcribed for analysis. The results indicated that the students became aware of socio-ethical perspectives of each SSI topic while searching and collecting data by themselves. They also felt the necessity to consider multiple perspectives around the issues by having discussions with group members. Second, pre-producing DST allowed students to negotiate to settle on a group discussion, and to use emotional contents that can lead viewers to have sympathy. In addition, while producing DST, students considered various factors such as design, soundtrack, visual effects, and screen composition in order to express their opinions and convey their messages more effectively. In the stage of sharing DST outcomes and receiving feedback, they realized new perspectives that they did not perceive in the previous production process, and to move them into an action for resolving the problems caused by SSI. This study showed the potentials of DST-based SSI instruction as a good strategy to support students' SSI engagement.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.259-266
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of establishing the elderly protection system for the elderly in the local community, and to explore the linkage model and action strategy. In Korea, there is a need to build a comprehensive elderly care system so that elderly people can have appropriate counseling and support programs in the community, as the elderly increase their diverse needs (leisure, housing, employment). In this study, we set up a linkage model of elderly care system and suggested two ways to practice it. First, it is suggested that it is desirable to focus on the formation of the elderly protection system in the community, and divide the practice process into three stages: organization, practice, and organization. Second, it is necessary to apply the long-term care professional manpower which can play a central role such as care manager and nursing care provider in order to apply the community organizing model of the elderly protection system and stable operation of long-term care insurance for the elderly. In addition, a social welfare council and a private network should be established to form a social welfare council, the establishment of related legal provisions, and the education of care managers. Therefore, it is necessary to establish basic data through this study, to establish diverse strategies and plans for the elderly protection system, and to promote it in a phased manner.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.582-591
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• 2009

The pyramid graph is an interconnection network topology based on regular square mesh and tree structures. In this paper, we adopt a strategy of classification into two disjoint groups of edges in regular square mesh as a base sub-graph constituting of each layer in the pyramid graph. Edge set in the mesh can be divided into two disjoint sub-sets called as NPC(represents candidate edge for neighbor-parent) and SPC(represents candidate edge for shared-parent) whether the parents vertices adjacent to two end vertices of the corresponding edge have a relation of neighbor or shared in the upper layer of pyramid graph. In addition, we also introduce a notion of shrink graph to focus only on the NPC-edges by hiding SPC-edges in the original graph within the shrunk super-vertex on the resulting graph. In this paper, we analyze that the lower and upper bound on the number of NPC-edges in a Hamiltonian cycle constructed on $2^n\times2^n$ mesh is $2^{2n-2}$ and $3*(2^{2n-2}-2^{n-1})$ respectively. By expanding this result into the pyramid graph, we also prove that the maximum number of NPC-edges containable in a Hamiltonian cycle is $4^{n-1}-3*2^{n-1}$-2n+7 in the n-dimensional pyramid.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.293-307
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• 2004

We consider the problem of scheduling tasks of a precedence constrained task graph, where each task has its execution time and deadline, onto a set of identical processors in a way that simultaneously minimizes the number of processors required and the total tardiness of tasks. Most existing approaches tend to focus on the minimization of the total tardiness of tasks. In another methods, solutions to this problem are usually computed by combining the two objectives into a simple criterion to be optimized. In this paper, the minimization is carried out using a multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) that independently considers both criteria by using a vector-valued cost function. We present various GA components that are well suited to the problem of task scheduling, such as a non-trivial encoding strategy. a domination-based selection operator, and a heuristic crossover operator We also provide three local improvement heuristics that facilitate the fast convergence of GA's. The experimental results showed that when compared to five methods used previously, such as list-scheduling algorithms and a specific genetic algorithm, the Performance of our algorithm was comparable or better for 178 out of 180 randomly generated task graphs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

As the concept of city changes city is viewed in the perspective of business to make profits, not in the perspective of physical space. In the case of Korea urbanization processed over the level of 80% and the formation of identity is suggested for the way to improve city competitiveness as of globalization and liberalization. Seoulentered the level of developed countries in the perspective of functions and facilities, but its image is evaluated poor because of the lack of cultural competitiveness, tourismattractiveness and service system. Dependency of public transportation which is public facilities representing city indirectly is very high, but in information service and visual systems of pubic transportation operations and management are not enough and differentiated image and loyalty are hard to find. In 2004 government of city of Seoul suggested modifications, but compared to London, Paris and Tokyo consistent system, the lack of control and management of use environment of design, excessive visual information and destruction of connection are pointed out. Therefore to solve these problems the introduction of design system is needed to develop identity after applying characteristics and regulations for using to disordered visual stuff. These procedurescan be explained as City Identity Program (CIP) and this study tries to embody city image through public transportation design system. As the study method for this the status of public transportation design system of London, Paris and Tokyo were searched and compared to that of Seoul. Based on this systematization of symbol marks per public transportation being used right now, the development of design guidelines to form identity, relation of design and the strategy of systematization per method and media were proposed.