• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Importance of FM has rapidly increased because of its growing business. However, due to lack of clarity and identity of FM in professional areas, standardization of FM became to be imperative in such a rapidly changing global business environment. Facility services are defined as the provision of support the primary activities of an organization, delivered by an internal or external provider. Majority of FM activities are services related to 'space and infrastructure' and 'people and organization' (CEN, 2011). The purpose of this study is to investigate definitions and characteristics of FM from both globally and domestic environment, by comparison with international or national standards, to identify quality management in FM and service characteristics of FM, to investigate the differences in service level elaboration in FM, and to suggest standard issues of quality management in FM service quality. This study examines contents of the European Standards in FM, Part 3 'Guidance on quality in Facility Management, especially for the process of QM standardized by CEN (2011) and explores undefined issues such as service level, measurement metrics according to service characteristics of FM. The European FM Standard guides the common process of QM in terms of requirements specification, service level elaboration, measurement metrics development although it does not specifically address various service levels, specific performance metrics and indicators.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.122-127
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to know about the interference on FM Radio channel from HD Radio signal. In Korea, a data service channel, named DARC is operated by a major FM radio broadcaster which has national wide service area. Therefore, an analysis of the interference on FM radio channel with DARC data channel from HD Radio, most recently developed digital radio system. Technical parameters of FM radio with DARC data channel and HD Radio system are considered for this simulation. As results some interference generated because of HD Radio signal according to its signal allocation and service mode of HD Radio.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to know about the interference on FM Radio channel from DRM+ signal. In Korea, a data service channel, named DARC is operated by a major FM radio broadcaster which has national wide service area. Therefore, an analysis of the interference on FM radio channel with DARC data channel from DRM+, most recently developed digital radio system. Technical parameters of FM radio with DARC data channel and DRM+ system are considered for this simulation. To maintain without no interference from DRM+, FM radio channel with DARC data channel should have the power level difference over 14.7dB at 150KHz frequency distance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

Over the years, great attention has been shown to the function of the campus facilities that should be well-equipped, operated and maintained to better support university's two main goals: providing education and supporting research. Properly managing campus facilities is the initial step to be prepared to meet the rapidly changing global educational standard. However, so far, no definitive answer has been given to the question of what service level/scope is appropriate for the effective campus facility management (FM) in Korea. Therefore, at the outset, it is imperative to establish the framework for the standardized campus FM services. The main focus of this research is to provide comprehensive understanding on the campus FM by establishing the framework in the form of FM performance indicator (PI). As the first step, FM standards set by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS) has been thoroughly reviewed and analyzed to establish the framework for FM standards applicable to campus facility management. Secondly, extensive literature review on the development of performance indicator (PI) for the educational facilities has been conducted to classify PI types and complement FM_KS. Finally, specific guideline and PIs developed by APPA which is globally well-known association in the field of FM for higher education facilities has been added to the combined PI which is the mixed form of FM_KS and PIs from the previous literature. This research provides campus facility managers and FM outsourcing service providers with framework in the form of PI to support future directions of effective campus FM services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

University dorm basically provides basic housing functions to students, however, it is very important in a sense that it provides students with various functions such as information exchange, cultural experience and learning environments as well. Additionally, continuous effort to improve users' satisfaction and living environments are needed due to the fact that physical environments of dorm facilities have higher impact on students. However, Many students are not satisfied with the physical environment of university dorms and also there is lack of systematic information whereas various functions are required by students. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to suggest the direction of FM services in order for improving students' satisfaction on the university dorm facilities in Korea. Precedent studies regarding the satisfaction or performance evaluation of dorm facilities have been extensively analyzed to extract the dissatisfaction factors that scored below the middle 50%. Secondly, for satisfaction improvement, Korean Standard for Facility Management(KS_FM) have been matched with those extracted dissatisfaction factors to suggest the direction of FM services by rules and regulations review and best practice studies. This research will be useful for university dorm facility managers in planning strategic FM and providing effective FM services to students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.286-289
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• 1999

본 논문은 FM방송의 품질측정 방법을 통하여 초단파방송대역의 모노방송 및 스테레오방송 뿐만 아니라 새로운 부가서비스를 대비한 필요주파수대역폭 산정 및 점유주파수대역폭 실측방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이론적인 필요주파수대역폭 산정은 이미 널리 알려진 바와 같이 카슨공식으로 정의된다. 이러한 카슨공식에 근거한 이론적인 필요주파수대역폭 산정과 실측에 의한 점유주파수대역폭을 실측 및 비교 분석함으로써 FM방송의 주파수대역을 효율적으로 이용할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

Radio systems decline in the system performances when one system is interfered from the other system. System parameters, which are operating frequency, transmit power, and so on, need to be determined in order that there is no interference between radio systems. We investigate the interference from the sound broadcasting service in the band 87.5-108 MHz to the ILS localizer, one of the aeronautical services, in the band of 108-112 MHz. The results are compared with the interference criteria. And then several system parameters, which are frequency, transmit power, and location, are determined in order to avoid the interference from the FM sound broadcasting service which occupies the frequency band near the band of the aeronautical services. The results of this paper can be applied to set up system parameters of the ILS localizer so that system performance can be maximized. Besides, the result of this paper can be applied for determining spectrum management policy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.458-464
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• 2023

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread chronic pain and tenderness in the muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues. It is a chronic pain condition often accompanied by other symptoms and comorbidities. To effectively manage FM, it is crucial to obtain fundamental epidemiological data pertaining to the target population. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of FM in the Korean population. Methods: Population-based medical data of 51,276,314 subscribers to the National Health Insurance Service of Korea from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. Results: The overall incidence of FM ranged from 441 (2014) to 541 (2018) cases per 100,000 person-years, with a higher prevalence observed among female patients compared to male patients. The incidence gradually increased until middle age, followed by a decrease. The highest incidence rates were observed in the fifth decade of life for females and the sixth decade of life for males. When categorizing the affected parts of the body, the shoulder region was observed to be the most frequently affected. A comparison of the drug prescriptions based on medical specialty showed that antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed medications. The management of FM leads to consistent increases in medical expenses, regional disparities, and variations in prescription patterns across different medical specialties. Conclusions: The findings of this study will not only contribute to the understanding of FM characteristics but also provide a vital foundation for efficient management of FM in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2019

Looking at recent safety accidents in buildings, most of them due to lack of FM expertise, and this is due to human resources. In each all industry areas, some companies are competitive, representational, and leading in the market through long-term expertise and research in their respective fields. In the field of FM industry, some companies offer core-competencies in internal and external innovative building management through competition with others. However, old custom and old management form still exist in the FM field. However, an old custom and old management system still exist in the FM field; it forces cost-cutting and caused by carelessness in technical development competitiveness and safety measures. The government control by safety inspection and facility inspection through legislation of building management, but the management is still weak as a side of in the facility management section due to inspect sth as a mere formality and submit a paper report. These facts exist different kind of usage of the building have a three-party encounter between a building owner, user, and FM enterprises. In this research identify survey, especially building owner (manager)'s choice perception priority for optional factors to choose FM enterprises. Based on this, FM enterprises will be forced to seek a new dimension for better building management. In this light, the purpose of the research is to shape changes in the FM market culture safely and providing better service in building management and understanding building owner's insight through this research's information.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2010

In this paper, the technical analyzing methodology has been suggested to preserve the same transmission quality of a M/W system used for FM broadcasting link after the frequency reallocation. The simulation was also performed for the actual M/W system operating in each frequency band, and its results were evaluated in terms of an availability based upon a fade margin. It was confirmed that only if the relative fade margin of more than 2.6 dB at 1700 MHz is provided, the equivalent service quality may be obtained regardless of the frequency reallocation. The suggested method will be expected to be widely used for accessing service quality of the M/W system concerned with the frequency reallocation.