• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 1998

불소를 유리하는 치과재료인 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 불소함유 레진을 대상으로 경화후의 시간경과에 따른 1일간 불소유리량을 측정하고, 이들의 경시적 변화추세를 비교 검토하기 위하여 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 치과교정용 브라켓 접착제($Orthobond^{\circledR}$)와 충전응(Fuji GC $LC^{\circledR}$), 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 충전용 (Fuji GC $II^{\circledR}$)과 아말감 합금이 첨가된 충전용(Miracle-$Mix^{\circledR}$) 및 광중합형 불소함유 충전용 레진($Heliomolar^{\circledR}$)을 실험재료로 하여 중합 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일, 42일, 70일 경과후 각각 불소유리량을 측정하고, 변화추세를 비교 검토하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 불소함유 레진의 1일간 불소유리량은 글라스 아이포노머 시멘트에 비해 현저히 적었다. 2. 중합 70일 경과후 1일간 불소유리 량은 Miracle-$Mix^{\circledR}$는 평균 $3.4{\mu}g/cm^2$, Fuji GC $II^{\circledR}$가 평균 $2.7{\mu}g/cm^2$, $Orthobond^{\circledR}$가 평균 $2.3{\mu}g/cm^2$, Fuji GC $LC^{\circledR}$이 평균 $1.4{\mu}g/cm^2$였고, 불소함유 레진인 $Heliomolar^{\circledR}$은 평균 $0.1{\mu}g/cm^2$이었다. 3. 1일간 불소유리량은 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트사미에 차이를 발견할 수 없었고, 제조회사의 제품에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다 아말감 합금이 첨가된 Miracle-$Mix^{\circledR}$은 아말감 합금이 첨가되지 않은 다른 시멘트에 비해 현저히 많은 양의 불소를 유리하였다. 4. 모든 실험재료의 1일간 불소유리 량은 중합 3일이전까지 현저한 감소를 보였고, 중합 3일경과이후 중합 14일 이전까지 완만한 감소를, 중합 14일이후부터 중합 70일경과까지 매우 완만한 감소추세를 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) and resin-modified GICs. Materials and Methods: The cements were grouped as follows: G1 (Vidrion R, SS White), G2 (Vitro Fil, DFL), G3 (Vitro Molar, DFL), G4 (Bioglass R, Biodinamica), and G5 (Ketac Fil, 3M ESPE), as conventional GICs, and G6 (Vitremer, 3M ESPE), G7 (Vitro Fil LC, DFL), and G8 (Resiglass, Biodinamica) as resin-modified GICs. Six specimens (8.60 mm in diameter; 1.65 mm in thickness) of each material were prepared using a stainless steel mold. The specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (pH 4.3) for 6 hr and a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0) for 18 hr a day. The fluoride ions were measured for 15 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test with 5% significance were applied. Results: The highest amounts of fluoride release were found during the first 24 hr for all cements, decreasing abruptly on day 2, and reaching gradually decreasing levels on day 7. Based on these results, the decreasing scale of fluoride release was as follows: G2 > G3 > G8 = G4 = G7 > G6 = G1 > G5 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were wide variations among the materials in terms of the cumulative amount of fluoride ion released, and the amount of fluoride release could not be attributed to the category of cement, that is, conventional GICs or resin-modified GICs.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2000년도 제1회 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.65-66
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• 2000

Various fluoride films on a glass substrate were prepared and characterized to provide a seed layer for crystalline Si film growth. The XRD analysis on $CaF_2/glass$ illustrated (220) preferential orientation and showed lattice mismatch less than 5 % with Si. We achieved a fluoride film with breakdown electric field of 1.27 MV/cm, leakage current density about $10^{-6}$ $A/cm^2$, and relative dielectric constant less than 5.6. This paper demonstrates microcrystalline silicon $({\mu}c-Si)$ film growth by using a $CaF_2/glass$ substrate. The ${\mu}c-Si$ films exhibited crystallization in (111) and (220) planes, grain size of $700\;{\AA}$, crystalline volume fraction over 65 %, dark- and photo-conductivity ratio of 124, activation energy of 0.49 eV, and dark conductivity less than $4{\times}10^{-7}$ S/cm.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluoride release and solubility of glass ionomer cement associated with three pH media. For this study, GC Fuji II discs (20.0mm in diameter ${\times}$ 1.5mm thick) were immersed in pH 4.0 lactic acid, pH 7.0 distilled water and pH 10.0 KOH solutions for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The amount of fluoride release from the cement into three pH media were measured by fluoride specific ion electrode and the solubility was measured by weight loss of discs. The results were as follows: 1. The lower was the pH of media, the more was the amount of release of fluoride. 2. The amount of fluoride release was increased with time lapse. 3. After I day, the solubility was the highest, and after 7 days that was the least. 4. The lower was the pH of media, the more was the solubility, but there was no statistical difference in solubility according to the pH change.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.436-448
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• 1997

Topical fluoride application for children is a widely performed procedure in the field of Pediatric Dentistry for its dental caries prevention effects. However, it is recently recognized as having some unwanted effects on several esthetic restorative materials as it roughens the surfaces of the restorative materials. In order to evaluate the surface changes in esthetic restorative materials, the author immersed composite resin, glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement specimens in various topical fluoride agents and measured the weight loss and also, examined the specimens under the scanning electron microscope. The followings are the results : 1. All the specimens immersed in APF gel for 4 minutes showed statistically significant weight loss. (paired t-test, P<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant weight loss for the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin groups immersed in sodium fluoride solution (paired t-test, P>0.05). 3. When the glass ionomer cement group was immersed in APF gel for 1 and 4 minutes, there was a statistically significant weight loss compare to other esthetic restorative materials (ANOVA, P<0.05). 4. In the resin-modified glass ionomer cement group and the composite resin group, weight loss in the APF gel 4 minutes immersion group was greater than the 1 minute immersion group, and it was statistically significant (ANOVA, P<0.05). 5. When the specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope, the surface changes were greatest in the order of glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, composite resin and also in the order of APF gel 4 minute immersion group, 1 minute immersion group, sodium fluoride immersion group, and control group.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.375-378
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• 1999

In tho XRD study of $56ZrF_4 \cdot34BaF_2 \cdot4AIF_3 \cdot(6-x)LaF_3 \cdotxLnF_3$ glassdLn=Ce, Nd, Gd, Th), halo pattern charactarktic fo an amorphous sample appeared. When the halo peak angle ($\theta_p$) was converted into a wavenumber with $Qp=4\pi sinG\pi/\lambda(\lambda$ is the wavolongth of the radialion used), it was found that the Qp values varied almost liuearly with the concentration 01 $LnF_3$. The emissiou spect1.a of $Ce^{3-}$-containing fluoride glasses nnder 273 nm excitation had a peak maximum at ea. 300 nm $(Ce^{3+}$ 5d-4f- transition). The maximal intensity of the fluorescence was observed when the $CeF_3$, content was extremely low (ca. 1 mol%j. DTA measurement revealed tbat these fluoride glasses had two crystallization temperatures. In $56ZrF_4. 34BaF_2. 4NF_3. (6-x)LaF_3 .xNdF_3$ glasses, the actmation energies of crystallization obtained from a Kssinger plot were 1.7 and 5.0 eV for the glass with x=2, and 1.9 and 5.6 eV for the glass with x=4.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.526-529
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• 2002

Various fluoride films on a glass substrate were prepared and characterized in order to determine the best seed layer for a microcrystalline silicon (${\mu}c$-Si) film growth. Among the various group-IIA-fluoride systems, the $CaF_2$films on glass substrates illustrated (220) preferential orientation and a lattice mismatch of less than 0.7% with Si. $CaF_2$ films exhibited a dielectric constant between $4.1{\sim}5.2$ and an interface trap density ($D_{it}$ as low as $1.8{\times}10^{11}\;cm^{-2}eV^1$. Using the $CaF_2$/glass structure, we were able to achieve an improved ${\mu}c$-Si film at a process temperature of 300 $^{\circ}C$. We have achieved the ${\mu}c$-Si films with a crystalline volume fraction of 65%, a grain size of 700 ${\AA}$, and an activation energy of 0.49 eV.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2018

불소 적용 후 교정용 브라켓 접착제 종류에 따른 불소의 재흡수성과 표면의 변화를 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 불소가 방출되지 않은 복합레진 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$, 불소 방출성 복합레진 $Blugloo^{(R)}$와 $LightBond^{(R)}$, 레진강화형 글라스 아이오노머 Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$, 재래형 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji $I^{(R)}$를 사용하였다. 시편에서 방출되는 불소 방출량을 측정하였고, 불소 재흡수 능력을 비교하기 위해서 시편에 3가지의 불소 제품(APF gel, Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector)을 도포하였으며, 불소함유 치약으로 잇솔질을 하여 불소방출량 변화를 측정하였고, 표면조도 측정기와 FE-SEM을 이용하여 시편의 표면 조도 및 변화를 비교 평가하였다. Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$와 Fuji $I^{(R)}$에서는 다른 불소 제품인 Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector뿐만 아니라 불소함유 치약으로 잇솔질한 후에도 불소의 재흡수량을 관찰할 수 있었다. Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$를 도포한 후에는 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$를 제외하고 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 모든 교정용 접착제에서 부분적인 미세 필러 입자의 탈락을 보였다. Fluor Protector를 도포한 후에는 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$, Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$를 제외하고 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 모든 교정용 접착제의 표면에 막을 형성하여 기포가 생긴 부분을 제외하고 매끄러운 양상을 나타내었다. 모든 교정용 접착제에 APF gel을 도포했을 때는 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 크게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 교정용 브라켓을 접착할 때 치아우식 예방 효과를 도모하기 위한 불소 방출량을 고려한다면 Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$와 Fuji $I^{(R)}$가적극 추천되며, 불소 제품으로는 Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector가 APF gel보다 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 불소가 함유된 치약으로 잇솔질을 하였을 때도 치아우식을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.11
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-remineralized caries-affected dentin (CAD). Materials and Methods: Exposed dentin surfaces of 30 human third molar teeth were divided into 2 equal groups for evaluating fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD. Each group was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: 1) control (sound dentin); 2) artificially demineralized dentin (CAD); 3) CPP-ACP remineralized dentin (remineralized CAD). To measure fluoride release, 15 disc-shaped specimens of RMGIC (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were bonded on one flat surface of the dentin discs of each group. Fluoride release was tested using ion chromatography at different intervals; 24 hours, 3, 5, 7 days. RMGIC micro-cylinders were built on the flat dentin surface of the 15 discs, which were prepared according to the assigned group. Micro-shear bond strength was measured after 24 hours water storage. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way analysis of variance and the post hoc least significant difference test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Fluoride detected in solutions (at all intervals) and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC bonded to CPP-ACP-remineralized dentin were significantly higher than those bonded to artificial CAD (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Demineralized CAD consumes more fluoride released from RMGIC into the solution for remineralization than CPP-ACP mineralized dentin does. CPP-ACP increases the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 1999

Bioglass which is one of the surface active bionmaterials has a good biocompatibility but a poor mechanical strength, In the present work therefore two types of fluoride-containing bioglasses were coated on an alumina to improve mechanical strength. Crystallization of the coating layer and the hydroxyapatite formation on the bioactive glass coatings in tris-buffer solution were studied. When bioactive glass coated alumina was heat-treated Na2CaSi3O8 crystal was formed on the layer at lower temperature while wollastonite(CaSIO3) was obtained at higher temperature. Hydroxyapatite forming rate on the coating layer with Na2CaSi3O8 crystal was delayed with SiO2 contents in glass composition. However the hydroxyapatite was developed in 20minutes regardless SiO2 contents when the coating layer crystallized into wollastonite. More amount of P3+ ions were leached out of the coating layer with wollastonite than that with Na2CaSi3O8 crystal while Na+ and Ca2+ ions were leached out more easily from the Na2CaSi3O8 crystal containing coating layer.