• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

Cultural method, dark field microscopy & fluorescent antibody technique were compared for their sensitivity of the detection of leptospires from experimentally infected mice. Two groups of mice were infected with L. icterohemorrhagiae (M20) and L. australis (Ballico), and the infected blood, urine and a number of organs were subjected to the bacterial isolation. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. L. icterohemorrhagiae (M20) and L. australis (Ballico) in blood, urine and various tissues of experimentally infected mice were detected with a negrigible non specificity, by the fluorescent antibody technique. 2. The fluorescent antibody technique, as applied to detection of leptospires in blood, urine and various infected tissue, proved to be better than cultural method and dark-field microscopy. 3. Early detection of leptospires by fluorescent antibody technique were possible in blood at 2 days after inoculation, whereas detection of organisms in liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed later. By means of fluorescent antibody technique, the detection of leptospires in kidney and urine was possible up to 34 days postinoculation, whereas those in other parts were impossible. 4. Fluorescent antibody reaction of leptospires were highly specific to homologous antigen rather than to heterologous one. 5. Fluorescent antibody technique may be of value in the application for the demonstration of leptospira from clinical specimens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 1974

The experiment was performed in order to investigate the applicability of the rapid detection of salmonellae in various animal-origin foods by means of the direct fluorescent antibody technique. Egg, sausage and chicken were inoculated with various concentrations of Sal.paratuphi A, Sal. paratyhi B and Sal. thompson, and the fluorescent antibody technique was applied and compared with the conventional cultura method for the sensitivity of detection of the organisms. Two methods were employed in the fluorescent antibody technique; the direct smear method in which the smear being made directly from the specimens, and the enrichment smear method in which the smear being made from the enrichment broth. The effect of various enrichment time (1,5,8,11 and 13 hours) in tetrathionate broth on the detection of salmonellae in the fluoresent antibody technique was also studied. The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. Of the three methods, the enrichment smear method of fluorescedt antibody technique was highly effective as cultural method for the detection of salmonella organisms. 2. Direct smear method of fluorescent antibody technique was effective as two other methods $5{\times}10^4$ organisms presented in 50 g(ml) of specimens. This method may not be applicable when the specimens contained $5{\times}10^2$ or less organisms. 3. Of the three specimens, the recovery rate of Salmonella organisms from egg was slightly higher than that of sausage and chicken. 4. In fluorescent antibody technique and cultural method, the specimens inoculated with Sal. thompson were found to be higher detection rate than the specimens inoculated with Sal. paratyphi A, 5. The optimum enrichment time of Salmonella organisms in tetrathionate broth on the detection by fluorscent antibody technique was found to be 11 hours or longer when the specimens of egg, sausage and chicken were inoculated with approximately 500 organisms. The longer enrichment time was the higher detection rate up to 11 hours tested.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1993

In this study, we carried out the rapid diagnostic system based on indirect fluorescent anti-body technique (IFAT) for detection of bacterial diseases in cultured freshwater fishes. 1. When the fishes were tested with graded dilution of Edwardsiella tarda FPC 470 bacteria detection from ten fishes Injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$colony forming unit(CFU) /ml, all of them were detected by IFAT but only two fishes were recognizable by the culture method in the tested fishes injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$CFU /ml. 2. The bacteria E. tarda could be detected by IFAT method from 1 to 48hrs after Injection in the tissues tested such as kidney, liver and spleen of the fishes, whereas detection by culture method could be recognized from 1 to 48hrs after injection In the kidney and spleen but it was not possible from preinjection to 1 hr in the liver. 3. Thus, IFAT proved to be more useful technique than plate culture method in the diagnosis of Edwardsiellosis in the freshwater fishes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 1975

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 1970

Hog cholera (HC) virus detection from the artificially infected pigs was made using fluoreescent antibody technique (FAT) and END method. It was observed that the swine origin virulent was detected in most of the organs tested at the early stage of the infection, while the tissue culture attenuated virus was detected only in blood (transitionally), lung, and tonsil.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2000

For the rapid diagnosis of vibriosis in penaeid shirmp, the indirect fluorescent antibody technique(IFAT) was established to detect Vibrio alginolyticus. The titers of the antisera used for this experiment were above 1280. Vibrio alginolyticus possesses the specific antigen, and also have antigens shared with other strains. When an V. alginolyticus-infected adult shirmp was tested by IFAT, V. alginolyticus was detected mainly in the muscle tissues near the injection point and the haemolymph but only few in other tissues. This result indicates that the pathogen bacteria could be detected by IFAT. Thus, it is suggested IFAT is more convenient and sensitive method than conventional plate method for the diagnosis of induced Vibrio infection in the penaeid shrimps.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1968

The site of the synthesis of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) in the actinomycin-treated and infecter PS Y15 cells(a porcine kidney stable cell line) was observed by the immunofluorescent antibody technique, acridine orange staining, and the autoradiographic analysis. In the parallel studies by immunofluorescent technique and acridine orange staining it the infected cells, Viral protein(as an antigen) and viral RNA were detected at the same site of cytoplasm. In the autoradiographic analysis, the cytoplasmic labeling of $^3H$-uridine was due to the synthesis of JEV-RNA, while the nucleolus and nucleus were not involved. In the autoradiographic studies on the secton of infected cells, the $^3H$-uridine was frequently incorporated around the cytoplasmic vacuoles. This localization of labeling agreed with the site of acridine orange positive granules. The results suggest that the syntheses of the viral RNA and viral protein occurred in the similar site of cytoplasm of the infected cells, and also the virus particles seem to be assembled in the sites of the viral RNA and protein syntheses.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1980

In the ecology and epidemiologic studies on various serotypes of atypical mycobacteria(AM), Schaefer's bacterial agglutination test(BA) provided the basis of the serologic procedures. Recently, attempts have been made to modify and to simplify the Schaefer's BA such as a slide agglutination test(Engel & Beerwald, 1970), a "simplified" BA(Reznikov & Leggo, 1972), an agglutination inhibition test(Richards & Eacret, 1972) and "micromethod"(Thoen et al., 1975). The BA, however, was not widely applied as a routine laboratory test mainly because it requires much times and labors to perform and partley because it is not applicable to hydrophobic strains either often encountered in the isolation of AM in the clinical bacteriology or stock strains maintained in the laboratory. On the contrary, fluorescent antibody technique with mycobacteria may have advantages over the BA because it is far more simpler in serologic procedures and is applicable to all strains of mycobacteria regardless of smooth or rough types of cultures. At the present, it is well known that the type-specific antigens are lacking on the surface of rough type of AM compared to that on smooth type of strain, but the antigenicity on the surface of the hydrophobic strains of AM which resulted from a series of subculture and the strain in the laboratory for 3 to 6 months has not been clarified. In this study, an attempt to serotype the hydrophobic strains of M. scrofulaceum serotype 41, 42 and 43 by fluorescent anti-complement(FAC) technique was made. The FAC technique with mycobacteria was also described in detail. In the summary, the complement fixing antibody titres of reference sera to smooth types of homologous serotype was highest, but the antibody titres of reference sera to hydrophobic strains of serotypes, 41, 42 and 43 gave two-to 8-folds lower than those to smooth type of strains. Although the sensitivity of type-specific antigens on the hydrophobic strains to reference sera was much lower, using the two units of reference sera determined by titration with hydrophobic strains, three serotypes, i. e., 41, 42 and 43 were specifically differentiated one another by FAC technique. This result indicated that the hydrophobic strains which were maintained in the laboratory at least for 6 months still retain type-specific antigen detectable by FAC technique.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1978

In order to identify unknown Babesia spp. which was isolated from Korean cattle, the morphology of Korean strain was compared with that of Babesia bigemina (Kochinda strain) and Babesia spp. (Miyake strain). Immunofluorescent technique was used to identify the serological character of the parasites. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Korean strain was morphologically very similar to Babesia spp.(Miyake strain) which mostly showed parallel-bigeminate forms, while B. bigemina (Kochinda strain) was mostly round and oval forms. 2. By the indirect fluorescent antibody technique: a) Anti-Babesia spp. and Korean Babesia spp. sera showed a higher antibody titers with Babesia spp. (Miyake strain) antigen (1:500) than with B. bigemina (Kochinda strain) antigen (1:50). b) Anti-Babesia bigemina sera showed a lower titer with Babesia spp. antigen (1:50) than with B. bigemina antigen (1:250). 3. On the basis of morphological and serological confirmantions, a Babesia strain isolated from a Korean cattle was very similar, if not identical, to Miyake strain of Babesia spp.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

The present study was made to establish the purification method of mature microsporidian spores by iso-density equilibrium technique using percoll and the serological discrimination by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. The purification of new microsporidian spores took effect in the three steps purification method(precentrifugation-percoll iso-density equilibrium centrifugation-rising). There were clear differences in the size of spores between the new microsporidia and N. bombycis. The spores of N. bombycis is short elliptical of 2.07 in a ratio of length to width in diameter while that of new microsporidia is characterized with long elliptical shape which shows a ratio of 2.76 in length to width in diameter. The specific antigens of new microsporidia K79 spores was showed in the spores wall by the indirect fluorescent antibody reaction, and it was affected by the antibody against N. bombycis which antiserum was diluted in 1:20. It means that the new microsporidia K79 is serologically not identical to N. bombycis.