• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2019

Foreign body (FB) ingestion of children is a common pediatric emergency requiring medical attention. Pediatric emergency physicians and gastroenterologists often encounter nervous and distressed situations, because of children presenting with this condition in the common clinical practice. When determining the appropriate timing and indications for intervention, physicians should consider multiple patient- and FB-related factors. The utilization of a flexible endoscopy is considered safe and effective to use in these cases, with a high success rate, for the effective extraction of FBs from the gastrointestinal tract of a child. Additionally, a Foley catheter and a magnet-attached Levin tube have been used for decades in the case of FB removal. Although their use has decreased significantly in recent times, these instruments continue to be used for several indications. Using a Foley catheter for this purpose does not require special training and does not necessarily require sedation of the patient or fluoroscopy, which serve as advantages of utilizing this method for foreign object retrieval. An ingested magnet or iron-containing FB can be retrieved using a magnet-attached tube, and can be effective to retrieve an object from any section of the upper gastrointestinal tract that can be reached. Simple and inexpensive devices such as Foley catheters and magnetattached tubes can be used in emergencies such as with the esophageal impaction of disk batteries if endoscopy cannot be performed immediately (e.g., in rural areas and/or in patients presenting at midnight in a facility, especially in those without access to endoscopes or emergency services, or in any situation that warrants urgent removal of a foreign object).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2005

Purpose: There have been a few data about esophageal length in children and previous data are improper for application to various procedures. Because of the variability in height and weight of each the individuals especially in children, measurable external parameters are needed. Methods: We measured distance from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction using a flexible endoscope and compared these data with age, height and weight in 262 children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: The mean age was $9.0{\pm}3.6year$ (from 2 days to 16 year of age), mean height was $132.89{\pm}23.49cm$ and mean length from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction was $33.34{\pm}5.42cm$. Correlation between distance from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction and height was the mostly predictable indicator of the esophageal length (Pearson correlation=0.944). We propose a formula [Esophageal length=4.419+($0.218{\times}height$)] as a indicator of the esophageal length (p=0.000, $R^2=0.891$). Conclusion: The esophageal length in children and for application to various procedures can be reliably predicted by using the height.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1999

OBJECTIVE : To study the management (diagnostic and therapeutic) of esophageal foreign bodies with rigid esophagoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS : All 100 patients admitted to the Dankook University Hospital for ingestion of foreign bodies between May 1994 and July 1999. The outcome for each patient was determined by examining hospital records of demographic information, identification of the foreign body and the removal procedure used. RESULTS : Rigid esophagoscopy was performed for suspected foreign bodies in 100 cases an impacted. The most frequent location was the upper third of the esophagus (68%). The most common type of foreign body was fish bones in adult(61%) and coins in children(70%). In 12 patients. flexible endoscopy had failed previously to remove the foreign body and 4 cases were migrated esophageal metal stent in esophageal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS : The rigid esophagoscopy is appropriate techniques for managing esophageal foreign bodies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.470-474
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• 1991

This BEF will be resolved with tissue adhesive application The bronchoesophageal fistula[BEF] is a rare lesion in thoracic surgical diseases & is difficult to be closed surgically. Tissue adhesives has been used widely in surgical fields, or in endoscopy, for some time and seems to be potentially useful in cardiothoracic surgery. We have experienced the closure of BEF with tissue adhesive Tisseel in 2 cases recently. One is 60 years old male who had taken the closure of BEF with Tisseel through right bronchotomy. The other is 57 years old female who had taken the closure of BEF with Tisseel with flexible gastrofiberscopy. The postoperative courses are uneventful for 4 months to now.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

Unintentional foreign body ingestion is common in children, and coins are the most common foreign body ingested. Foreign body remaining in the esophagus may be associated with mucosal ulceration or esophageal obstruction and can potentially lead to significant morbidity and even death. Removal of esophageal foreign body is therefore generally recommended. Several methods are utilized including esophagoscopy in operating room, flexible endoscopy in out patient setting, fluoroscopic Foley catheter technique, and advancement using bougienage. We report two cases of esophageal foreign body(paduk stone) which were hard to be removed by usual esophagoscopic removal. Successful removal was accomplished with the aid of Fogarty catheter under the general anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.28-30
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• 2014

Foreign bodies in upper aerodigestive tract migrating into retropharyngeal space are rarely encountered emergent cases in otolaryngologic fields. A 60-years-old female presented throat pain and lump sense after a meal. Computer tomography showed metallic foreign body impacted in the retropharyngeal space. A hypopharyngeal perforation was suspected by through flexible laryngoscopy and gastrointestinal endoscopy. It was successfully removed by external cervical approach, and we report this case with a review of the related literatures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.506-508
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• 2012

A 5-year-old, intact female, Pomeranian was presented with a persistent vomiting for 5 days after swallowing a chicken bone. The dog was diagnosed with an esophageal foreign body, and a small perforation was found after the endoscopic removal of the chicken bone. The dog was determined to be treated with a non-operative management, and a complete closure of the perforation was confirmed by a flexible endoscopy 3 weeks after removal of a chicken bone. This paper reports the case of esophageal perforation caused by foreign body in esophagus managed with the non-operative therapy instead of surgical correction.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

The majority of esophageal Foreign body ingestions occur in the pediatric population. In adults, true foreign object ingestion occurs more commonly among those with psychiatric disorders, mental impairment. The management of esophageal foreign bodies is influenced by the age, clinical condition of ingested material, anatomic location and technical abilities of the endoscopist. Recently the therapeutic endoscopy is becoming wider and more rational in application. We evaluated the role of endoscopy for removal of esophageal foreign bodies during the period of 4 years from January 2000 to December 2003 at the Department of Otolaryngology and Gastroenterology, Seonam University Hospital. The results were as follow, 1) The age ranged from 21 to 74 years old (mean 50.5), most frequent age group was between 61-70 years old and male to female ratio was 1:1.4. 2) Fish bone was the most frequent foreign body in the esophagus ($47.1\%$), food material ($23.5\%$) and meats ($17.6\%$) were next frequent foreign bodies. The most frequent site of lodgement was the first ($78.4\%$), second ($17.6\%$) and third narrowing ($3.9\%$) in order. 3) The most common symptom was foreign body sensation (28.6%). the next common symptoms were chest discomfort($23.8\%$) and dysphagia($19\%$). 4) In duration of lodgement, 49cases ($96.1\%$) were lodged for less than one day. 5) The foreign bodies of esophagus were removed successfully by flexible endoscope with basket, snare, forceps, overtube and endoscopic variceal ligation cap. There were only 3 cases of minimal complications, esophageal mucosal tearing. In conclusion, endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal is useful and safe with minimal or no complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

Dysphagia may result from dysfunction of any of the components involved in the complex neuromuscular interaction of swallowing. Hyperfunction of any of the muscles involved in swallowing is a frequent cause of dysphagia. The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is a key component of the upper esophageal sphincter. Cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) refers to the muscle's failure to appropriately and completely relax or expand during deglutition. A variety of disease processes may cause CPD and accurate diagnosis is paramount for appropriate treatment. In appropriately selected patients, intervention at the CPM may yield significant improvement in dysphagia. Interventions include nonsurgical, pharyngoesophageal segment dilatation, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, and criccopharyngeal myotomy. Injections of BoNT in patients with CPD have been reported to result in marked relief of dysphagia. Different techniques for instilling BoNT into the CPM have been described. Awake, in-office CPM BoNT injection with electromyography and/or fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance is performed transcervically or via flexible endoscopy. Operative CPM BoNT injection involves rigid laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy with direct visualization of the CPM. BoNT should be prepared in low-volume, high-concentration dilutions to minimize the potential for undesired diffusion of the toxin. The effects of BoNT occur within weeks of injection and typically last up to 5 or 6 months.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Transgastric endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully accomplished in a 1-year-old, 15 kg, female, mongrel dog. Single-working channel flexible gastric endoscope was used with the aid of one abdominal laparoscopic port. Gastrotomy was performed using endoscopic needle knife at the ventral antral region. Through the gastric incision endoscope was advanced and retroflexed for the visualization of gallbladder. For the better exposure of surgical field, gentle traction was applied at the fundus of the gallbladder using laparoscopic grasping forceps. Cystic duct and artery was ligated using endoclips. After transecting the duct and artery, gallbladder was dissected using endoscopic coagulating grasping forceps and needle knife. Resected gallbladder was retrieved through the mouth and gastric incision site was sutured using endoclips. There was no evidence of bile leakage or stomach leakage on postoperative day (POD) 3. On POD 16, gastric endoscopy and laparoscopy was performed. Gastric endoscopy revealed complete adhesion of incision site. The content of the peritoneum appeared healthy, with no sign of infection, bile staining, or organ injury. The omentum was adhered over resected gallbladder fossa and the serosal surface of gastrotomy site. This is the first report of NOTES cholecystectomy in the dog and provides new concept of cholecystectomy of the dog.