• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

Genomic DNA samples isolated from Fenneropenaeus chinensis (fleshy prawn; FP) and Palaemon gravieri (Chinese ditch prawn; CDP) collected in the West Sea, off the Korean Peninsula, at Buan, were PCR-amplified repeatedly. The sizes of the DNA fragments generated by seven different primers varied from 50 bp to 1,600 bp. We identified 358 fragments for the FP species and 301 fragments for the CDP species. There were 18 polymorphic fragments (5.03$\%$) for the FP species and 12 (3.99$\%$) for the CDP species. In total, 66 common fragments (average of 9.4 fragments per primer) were observed for the FP species and 44 fragments (average of 6.3 fragments per primer) were observed for the CDP species. The numbers of specific fragments seen for the FP species and CDP species were 38 and 47, respectively. The complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between the primers and the two species. In the FP species, a specific fragment of approximately 1,200 bp generated by primer OPB-04 exhibited inter-individual-specific characteristics that were indicative of DNA polymorphisms. Moreover, in the CDP species, a major fragment of approximately 550 bp generated by primer OPB-20 was found to be specific for the CDP. The average bandsharing value between the two prawn species was 0.421$\pm$0.006, and ranged from 0.230 to 0.611. The dendrogram obtained using the data from the seven primers indicated seven genetic clusters: cluster 1, FLESHY 01, 02, 03, and 04; cluster 2, FLESHY 05, 06, and 07; cluster 3, FLESHY 08, 09, 10, and 11; cluster 4, DITCH 13, 14, 16, and 18; cluster 5, DITCH 12, 15, and 17; cluster 6, DITCH 19, 20, and 21; and cluster 7, DITCH 22. The genetic distance between the two prawn species ranged from 0.071 to 0.642. Thus, RAPD-PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between the two prawn species. Using various arbitrary primers, RAPD-PCR may be applied to identify specific/polymorphic markers that are particular to a species and geographic population, and to define genetic diversity, polymorphisms, and similarities among shrimp species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

We evaluated the utility of applying isozyme analysis and two tagging methods, visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) injection and uropod-cutting, to monitor the effects of releasing nursery-reared fleshy prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) into natural habitat in Korea. One hundred thousand farmed prawns (70 mm long) were tagged by clipping off the outer left uropod and injecting them with VIE. This marked seed population was released at Muchangpo, Korea, on 11 and 19 July 2002. Two months later, total catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) at three locations (Hongwon, Muchangpo, and Anmyundo) were determined. Total catch and CPUE increased nearly 18% over the previous year in Hongwon and Muchangpo. The mixing rate, estimated by uropod regeneration pattern, was 0.33% at Hongwon, 0.53% at Muchangpo, and 0.21% at Anmyundo. The recapture rate was about 3.5%. Isozyme analysis confirmed that the mixing rate was highest at Muchangpo. Moreover, fleshy prawns from Muchangpo were genetically most related to the seed population, indicating that the released prawns had largely remained near the released site. We also confirmed that isozyme genes are valuable as genetic markers for qualitative analyses of a released seed population.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.90-91
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• 2005

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2000

Effects of the sediments on water quality, and the consequent survival and growth of cultured fleshy prawns, Penaeus chil1ensis were determined under selected sediment types for 6 weeks. Dissolved oxygen was 5.1-5.9 mgll in both the sediments containing sand alone, and soft sand (50%) and mud (50%). It decreased to 4.6 mgll in the mud after 6 weeks. Nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide of the seawater were 0.07-0.12, 0.16-0.29 and 0.009~0.014 mgll in both the sediments containing sand alone, and soft sand (50%) and mud (50%). The values, however, increased to 0.15, 0.36 and 0.018 mgll in the mud sediment, respectively. Survival of the prawn was below 60% in bare and mud sediments. It was above 70% in both the sediments containing sand alone, and soft sand (50%) and mud (50%). Growth and food efficiency of the prawn were significantly lower in the 100 % sand than in the sediment containing soft sand (50%) and mud (50%).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

Successive management of prawn farm is strongly dependent upon monitoring of pond seawater quality which is generally influenced by an excessive food supplied sediment type and phytoplankton composition in the pond. For good condition of seawater quality it must need exchangning of fresh seawater by tidal current. Two distinct shrimp ponds Galha and Yunho which were different in seawater exchanging system and sediment type were selected to understand how some factors affected to seawater and sediment qualities in the pond. Prawn growth was also determined. Galha pond characterized by sand bottom with water exchanging by turn of the tidal current accumulated 1.8 mgS/g-dry as sulfide in sediment while Yunho pond mud- bottomed with seawater exchanging of pumping system showed 4.7mgS/g-dry when it was highest, Ammonia-N and hydrogen sulfide measured in the seawater were 0.31mg/${\ell}$ and 21.2 ${\mu}$${\ell}$/${\ell}$in Yunho and 0.10mg/${\ell}$and 10.8${\mu}$${\ell}$/${\ell}$in Galha pond respectively. Dissolved oxygen remained below 6.0mg/${\ell}$ in Galha and 5.0mg/${\ell}$in Yunho pond from June through August. Less growth of prawn was found in Yunho pond than in Galha pond. Prawn growth expressed as body length and weight were 138.3mm 22.9g in Yunho pond while they were length 158.2mm and 28.9g in Galha pond respectively when they were harvested in October. These results indicate that higher levels of ammonia-N and hydrogen sulfide and lower dissolved oxygen in bottom seawater of Yunho pond might affect the growth of cultured prawn.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2009

The effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20-E) and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) on the ovarian maturation of the fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis were investigated. Adult female fleshy shrimps were injected with 5-HT ($5{\mu}g$/g body weight (BW) or $20{\mu}g$/g BW), 20-E ($5{\mu}g$/g BW, $10{\mu}g$/g BW or $20{\mu}g$/g BW) or HCG (5 IU/g BW or 10 IU/g BW) three times at 5-day intervals and were sacrificed 10 days after the last injection. The effects were compared against an intact control group and sham control group which received the injection of sterile saline solution as a vehicle. 20-E and HCG showed no effectiveness on ovarian maturation in fleshy shrimps. However flesh shrimp given 5-HT of $20{\mu}g$/g BW showed significant increase in gonadosomatic index (GSI) in early spring. The results suggest that treatment of 5-HT of $20{\mu}g$/g BW or more is useful approach for the nursery production of the fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis aquaculture.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.876-881
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• 1996

To determine the amount of genetic variation among populations of Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck) in the Yellow Sea, 342 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was amplified and sequenced. Six haplotypes, which differ by from one to four nucleotide sustitutions, were detected from 34 individuals of 4 populations examined. Mean sequence divergence between pairs of haplotypes was $0.68\%$. Most individuals from 4 populations were shared by the most common genotype. This genotype was distributed evenly in the Korean and Chinese populations. This result is in accordance with findings observed using RFLPs analysis of mtDNA (Hwang et al., 1997). Therefore, it is suggested that P. chinensis should be treated as one unit stock in the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Penaeidins are members of a special family of antimicrobial peptides existing in several species of shrimp and play a crucial role in the immunological defense of shrimp. In this study, we isolated and characterized one EST clone (penaeidin) from cDNA library of fleshy prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis hemocytes. Amino acids sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis with other known penaeidins revealed that our clone was completely identical to F. chinensis Penaeidin 3-2 (Accession no. ABC33920), which composed of 71 amino acids with a putative signal peptide (1-19) and a cysteine-rich domain (C-terminal part). The expression and distribution of Penaeidin 3-2 transcripts in shrimp were detected in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and muscles, and that Penaeidin 3-2 was constitutively expressed mainly in hemocytes. The artificial infection of white spot syndrome virus to F. chinensis resulted in Penaeidin 3-2 mRNA up-regulation in hemocytes, suggesting that the possible role of Penaeidin 3-2 in host defense system of F. chinensis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.496-507
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• 2023

This study investigated species identification and labeling compliance of 48 shrimp products sold in the Korean online markets. Species identification was conducted using the standard DNA barcoding method, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The obtained sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was performed to further verify the identified shrimp species. Consequently, 16 shrimp species were identified, including Penaeus vannamei, Pandalus borealis, Palaemon gravieri, Leptochela gracilis, Penaeus monodon, Pleoticus muelleri, Metapenaeopsis dalei, Euphausia pacifica, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Argis lar, Metanephrops thomsoni, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Alpheus japonicus, Penaeus chinensis, and Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii. The most prevalent species was Penaeus vannamei, found in 45.8% of the analyzed products. A significant mislabeling rate of 72.9% was found; however, upon excluding generic names such as shrimp, the mislabeling rate reduced to 10.4%. The mislabeling rate was higher in highly-processed products (89.3%) compared with that in minimally-processed products (50%). No correlation was found between the country of origin and mislabeling rate. The results of this study provide crucial data for future monitoring of shrimp products and improving the labeling of shrimp species in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2003

Three panel trammel nets were made illegal for the brown shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) or fishes by Korean fisheries law while trammel nets for fleshy prawn in the West sea remained legal. In this study a single panel tangle net with vertical loop lines rigged between the float line and sinker line was specially designed to catch brown shrimp. This net was developed for the first time after observation of the brown shrimp behaviour when reacting to a net in an observation tank. In field experiments these single tangle nets were compared with the traditional trammel nets in the coastal waters of the Keoje area. The mean number of the brown shrimp for 53 fishing operations was 1.13 per unit panel of the single tangle nets when fitted with the vertical loop lines. This was $84\%$ of the mean catch of 1.36 achieved with the trammel nets. These results of fishing experiments using single tangle nets in the field revealed a high fishing efficiency for the brown shrimp and showed little difference from trammel nets. The size of the brown shrimp or number of by-catch was not different between single tangle nets and trammel nets.