• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1981

Alterations in serum enzymes were studied in twenty-five patients who underwent open heart surgery in N.M.C. during the period from June 1979, to Feb. 1980. There were fifteen congenital and ten acquired heart diseases. In all patients, Rygg-Kyvsgaard five head roller pump and Polystan bubble oxygenator were used and serial determination of total level of Creatine phosphokinase [CPK], Lactic dehydrogenase [LDH], Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] were made preoperatively, operation day [just after aortic clamp release, 2 hrs later, 4 hrs later, 6 hrs later], and postoperative days up to 5th day. Immediate postoperative clinical courses were also evaluated. Twenty-five patients were divided into two groups: Group A[13] was cardiopulmonary bypass time more than 95 minutes and aortic clamp time more than 45 minutes. Group B[12] was cardiopulmonary bypass time less than 95 minutes and aortic clamp time less than 45 minutes. The peak levels of SGOT, LDH in Group A were more significantly elevated than Group B [P<0.05]. But peak levels of CPK were not significant between two groups. In the view of clinical evaluation, poor clinical courses were more frequent in Group A [54%] than Group B[8%].

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2010

This experimental study was to determine the fitness in each cervical margin of reusing porcelain gold alloy. The gold alloy used in this experimental study was a Au-Pt-Pd alloy (BDCG-898, Bukwang Inc, Korea) for the fabrication of porcelain fused to metal crown. Twenty-five copings were divided into the five groups. And the group A, B, C, D and E were cording successively according to the frequency of reuse to five times. Each specimen was reused without adding new metal. The experimental results were as follows: 1. The group A, B, C showed good fitness in each cervical margin. 2. The group D got good fitness in labio and linguo cervical margin, but the mesio and disto cervical margin showed more than $40{\mu}m$ 3. The group E showed worse fitness than the other groups in each cervical margin.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.635-644
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• 1999

This study aims at solving the problem in the application method of the comparative school record which is currently being discussed in depth among colleges. The application method of Kay O. Lee and Yeon Soo Cung(1997) which was appied in the 1999 Korean air force Academy Admission Process was found to be problematic in the following respects. First the setting of the standard which divides all the high schools in kora into five groups relative to their scholastic level is somewhat vague and subjective secondly the difference among those levels which resulted from the five grouping could greatly influence on the admission of the applicants and thirdly there is no standard in choosing those few promising individuals with high scholastic aptitude test results from the low level groups such as level four and five,. Therefore this study suggests and introduces a nationwide individual scholastic evaluation that would complement the limits and problems in the application method of the comparative school record.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1589-1593
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate liver fibrosis, TGF-${\beta}1$ levels and curative effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with small and conventional dose perfusion chemotherapy by transcatheter arterial chemo embolization (TACE). Methods: Thirty-six hepatocellular carcinoma patients not indicated for surgical resection underwent super-selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, divided into small dose (n=15) and conventional dose (n=21) chemotherapy groups. Results: With conventional doses, four indices of liver fibrosis focusing on hyaluronate acide (HA), human procollagen type-III (hPC-III), collagen type-Ⅳ (Ⅳ-C) and transforming growth factor-${\beta}l$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) were obviously increased postoperative compared with preoperative (P<0.01); in contrast, with small doses there were no significant differences except for TGF-${\beta}1$. Five year survival demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: To hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated by TACE, reducing doses of chemotherapy drugs can reduce progress of liver fibrosis, without impacting on five year survival.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to evaluate factors and variables related to the emotional labor of hospital nurses. Method: The study included variables obtained from 66 recently published studies, doctoral dissertations, and master's theses. Results: The related variables were categorized into five factor groups: internal character factor, nursing care related factor, environmental factor, emotional response, and job response. For the defensive variable, job related response (effect size [ES]=-.17), environment (ES=-.14), internal character (ES=-.08), nursing care (ES=-.06), and emotional response (ES=-.06) showed significant effect size among the five categorized variable groups. For the risk variable, internal character (ES=.44), emotional response (ES=.46), environment (ES=.27), job related response (ES=.27), and nursing care (ES=.19) showed significant effect size among the five categorized variable groups. Conclusion: The results of this study identified defensive and risk variables related to emotional labor of hospital nurses. Self-efficacy, social support, leaders' care, and communication are important factors for managing emotional labor of hospital nurses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets with varying levels of calcium on egg production, shell quality and overall calcium status in aged laying hens. A total of five hundred 70-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided five groups and fed one of the five experimental diets with 3.5%, 3.8%, 4.1%, 4.4%, or 4.7% Ca, for 10 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, egg production and egg weight among groups. The cracked eggs were linearly reduced as dietary Ca levels increased to 4.7% (p<0.01). A significant linear improvement for eggshell strength and thickness were determined with increasing dietary Ca levels (p<0.01). The contents of serum Ca and phosphorus were not affected by dietary Ca levels. With increase in dietary Ca levels, the tibial breaking strength slightly increased. There were no significant differences in the tibial contents of ash, Ca and phosphorus among groups. In conclusion, eggshell quality, as measured by appearance, strength and thickness of eggshell, were influenced by dietary Ca content as expected (p<0.05). These results suggested that aged laying hens require relatively higher level of Ca than required levels from current Korean feeding standards for poultry.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.754-770
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• 2000

The definite objects of this study are as follows ; 1. The study presents concrete objects of the shape of adult women's neck and shoulder after comparing and analyzing the features of five age groups ; the former young age, the latter young age, the former middle age, the latter middle age, the latter middle age and the old age. 2. The study presents concrete objects of adult women's neck and shoulder by the body types ; bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type in order to be examined the body types. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The shape of neck and shoulder needs the several concrete objects of each types because of the variable factors in size and body types. But the concrete objects of the types referred in five age groups contain all the important factors and enable to design the body suitable clothes. 2. This study shows that generally bend-forward type contains rising shoulder and lean-back type contains drooping shoulder, and straight type contains average value of neck and shoulder. The results of this study developed the body-suitable clothes of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the occupational health concerns and opinions among 4 groups : workers, employers and managers, government officials, and health & safety managers. It could help establishing occupational health plans efficiently and providing the way to solve health problems in workplaces in the Inchon area. The delphi technique which is used for deciding group opinion was adopted for this study. Questionnaires regarding health problems and their priorities in the workplaces were sent to four groups three times. All items were measured by five degree ordinal scales. The four groups agreed with questionnaire items, improvement of working environment, occupational health concerns of the employers, the health concerns of workers, and measurement and analysis of working environment, as the upper five priorities for solving the occupational health problems. Besides with the first five priorities, health examinations, health education, and occupational diseases were suggested as important health problems in workplace.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1999

Background： This study was undertaken to detect the patterns of ciliogenesis in newborn rats trachea. Materials and Methods： The experimental animals(Sprague-Dawley strain) were divided five groups, one day, two day, three day, five day and seven day newborns as experimental groups. To obtain differential distribution of $\alpha$-tubulins in the ciliated cells and patterns of ciliogenesis, we used immunohistochemical stain method with mouse anti $\alpha$-tubulin monoclonal antibody as the primary antibody and gold particles conjugated goat anti mouse IgG as the secondary antibody. And we observed the specimens by electron microscope (Hitach-600 Model). Results : 1) The distribution of the $\alpha$ -tubulin reactions in apical zone was slightly decreased from three day after birth. 2) From 5th day after birth, the decreasing number of gold particles in intermediate zone was remarkable. 3) On the comparison with the other zones, the number of gold particles in the Golgi zone for seven days showed no statistical difference. Conclusion : The ciliogenesis of the tracheal ciliated cells in early newborn rat were made via centriolar and acentriolar pathways, in late groups, from five day after birth, the major ciliogenesis pattern might be centriolar pathway.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

This study aimed to analyze residential demands on intelligent systems for apartments and suggest space design directions of intelligent apartment complexes. Data collection was done through mail-in surveys by five respondent groups. Outcomes of this study would provide basic data for developing intelligent apartment housing corresponding to the residential characteristics and demands of the five respondent groups. The sample size for the questionnaire survey was 592. The types of the target residents in this study were classified into five categories; nuclear families, dual income families, single households and the handicapped needing special environmental supports, and workers at home who need the new home design with a home office. The primary findings of this study were as follows. 1) For the controllers of intelligent system, nuclear families preferred TV, single households prefer home-pad which is movable and provides access to the internet. Dual income families, the handicapped and workers at home preferred remote control panels. 2) For the desirable space for computer equipment, regardless of the types of target residents, bedroom and living room were preferred. 3) For the desirable space for a home theater system, most of respondent groups preferred living rooms, but many rather wanted to have media rooms only for this system.