• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.184-194
• /
• 2010

목 적 : 선천성 및 첫 발열성 요로감염으로 진단시 발견된 수신증 환자들에서 임상적 특성에 따른 발열성 요로감염의 발생률을 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 2000년부터 2009년까지 10년간 선천성 수신증으로 진단 받은 200명(군 1)과 첫 발열성 요로감염으로 진단 시 발견된 신장 초음파상 수신증으로 진단받은 252명(군 2)을 대상으로 하였다. 두 군에서 각각 임상적 특징, VUR의 유무, 수유방법, 그리고 선천성 수신증의 임상 경과에 따른 요로감염의 발생 빈도에 대해 알아보았다. 그리고, 그 결과들을 분석하였고, 두 군을 서로 비교하였다. 결 과 : 군 1과 군 2에서 요로감염의 발생률 및 재발률은 각각 10%, 16.7%이며, 요로감염의 연간 발생 빈도(episodes per person-years) 및 재발 빈도는 각각 0.028, 0.051였다. 군 2에서 군 1에 비해 VUR이 많았고(3% vs. 27%, P<0.05), 요로감염의 발생률이 높았다. 군 2에서만 VUR등급이 높을수록 요로감염의 발생률이 높았다(P=0.032). 군 1에서 SFU grade 4와 VUR grade 4-5에서 요로감염의 발생률은 각각 80%, 44.4%였다. 두 군 모두에서 모유 수유 환아들과 분유 수유 환아들 사이에 요로감염의 발생률은 차이가 없었다(P 1=0.274, P 2=0.4). 선천성 수신증의 호전 시기(<1 vs. 1-2 vs. >2 year-old vs. no resolution over 2 year-old)에 따른 요로감염의 발생률과 VUR의 유무는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 선천성 수신증 및 첫 발열성 요로감염으로 진단 시 발견된 수신증 환아에서 SFU grade 4 또는 VUR 4-5를 제외하고는 전반적인 요로감염의 발생률은 낮았다. 모유 수유는 급성 요로감염의 발생 예방에 효과가 없다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 1994

The purposes of this study were (1) to explore the stability of social acceptance when childen transferred from kindergarten to elementary school, and (2) to identify factors that predict children's social acceptance in new school environments. Twenty two children of 'J' kindergarten who were transfering to 'S' elementary school were sampled at the end of their kindergarten year. They were administered social acceptance tests, a school readiness test, and the simplified version of the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. A sample of 135 children including the 22 children of 'J' kindergarten were administered social acceptance tests in the middle of the first grade of elementary school and questionnaires on their children's social experiences were completed by their parents. Social acceptance scores were found to be stable from kindergarten to elementary school. School readiness test scores and distractibility ratings by preschool teachers were moderately correlated with post-transition social acceptance. Among the social experiences variables, duration and number of preschool experiences were significantly correlated with social acceptance in the first grade of elementary school. There were no significant differences of social acceptance score according to the type of kindergarten.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.525-539
• /
• 2002

용담댐의 건설에 따른 방류조건의 변화가 대청호의 유입수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 WASP5 모델을 이용하여 BOD, 총인 그리고 총질소 농도를 예측하였다. 수질 예측 시나리오는 크게 다음과 같이 세 가지로 구분하였다; 첫째, 금강의 유량이 대청댐의 운영이 시작된 이래 최대 갈수년(1994)과 최대 풍수년(1987)과 같다고 보는 두 가지 조건, 둘째 용담댐에서 방류되는 유량을 연구기간 중(1998년) 실측된 유량과 같다고 보는 경우와 용담댐 방류 계획안에 따라 각각 5.4, 8.9, 12.4, 16.4 ㎥/s로 방류되는 경우 등 다섯 가지 유량조건, 셋째, 용담호에서 방류되는 수질이 1998년에 실측된 수준을 유지하는 경우와 우리 나라 수질기준으로 1급수와 2급수에 해당되는 경우 등 세 가지 수질 조건. 수질 예측 결과 용담댐으로부터의 방류량의 변화는 금강의 수질과 밀접한 관계를 나타내었으며 금강의 수량이 적은 경우 용담호의 영향은 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 특히 총질소와 총인 농도의 경우는 각 조건에 대하여 용담댐으로부터의 방류량이 증가됨에 따라 점차로 수질이 개선되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 BOD 농도의 경우는 실측 수질(98년 환경부 측정자료)이 1급수(1 mg/ι) 보다 양호한 수질을 나타내므로 1급수(1 mg/ι)와 2급수(3 mg/ι)의 수질로 방류되는 것을 가정하는 경우에는 방류량의 증가에 따라 용담호 하류의 수질은 오히려 악화되는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 예측되었다. 용담호 부근의 현재 수질은 총질소의 경우는 5급수의 기준(1.5 mg/ι)을 상회하며, 총인의 농도는 3급수 (0.03∼0.06 mg/ι) 정도의 수질을 나타낸다. 유역에서 영양염류의 오염부하를 관리하는 것이 기술적, 경제적으로 한계가 있는 것을 감안할 때, 용담호 방류수내의 영양염류 농도는 크게 개선되지 못할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 용담호의 방류량 변화가 대청호의 수질에 미치는 영향은 용담호와 용담호 하류부의 수질 및 유량조건에 따라 각각 다르며, 합리적인 수자원의 관리를 위해서는 현실적인 자료 및 여건을 충분히 고려하여 분석하고 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1999

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted at all seasons from July 1996 to April 1999 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of seasonal variations of water quality in Mokpo harbour, Korea. Vertical stratification started to be formed in water column in spring, developed in summer and disappeared in fall. In summer, vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with lower temperature and higher salinity of bottom water, and the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers was restricted. In winter, however, surface water was found to be similar to bottom water in temperature and salinity, and water column was in unstable structure and in well-mixed condition between surface and bottom waters. The saturation percentage of dissolved oxygen(DO) in bottom water of inner part of Mokpo harbour at all seasons was shown to be decreased to the third grade or under the third grade of Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, dissolved oxygen was oversaturated in surface water and undersaturated in bottom water in summer, due to stratification and organic pollution. The difference of DO concentration between surface and bottom waters was found to be greater in spring and summer than in fall and winter, due to stratification and photosynthesis of phytoplankton. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD) over the entire waters of Mokpo harbour were found to fluctuate from below the third grade to the first grade of Korean standards through all seasons and COD concentrations of same seasons were shown to be different year after year. In particular, in view of COD, the annual average seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in third grade of Korean standards, due to organic pollution. The average COD of surface water was greater than that of bottom water in spring and summer, due to the autochthonous COD caused by production of phytoplankton in surface waters, while the average COD of surface water was similar to that of bottom water in fall and winter, due to the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.52.1-52.13
• /
• 2023

Background: In 2019, the International Agency for Research on Cancer re-evaluated the carcinogenicity of night-shift work and reported that there is limited evidence that night-shift work is carcinogenic for the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, in 2020 and 2021, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that 2 cases of prostate cancer were occupational diseases related to the night-shift work. Here, we report the 2 cases of prostate cancer in night-shift workers which were first concluded as occupational diseases by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee. Case presentation: Patient A: A 61-year-old man worked as a city bus driver for approximately 17 years, from 2002 to 2019, and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In March 2017, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core-needle biopsy after experiencing stinging pain lasting for 2 months. Patient B: A 56-year-old man worked as an electrician and an automated equipment operator in a cement manufacturing plant for 35 years from 1976 to 2013 and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In 2013, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core needle biopsy at a university hospital because of dysuria that lasted for 6 months. Conclusions: The 2 workers were diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer after working night shifts for 17 and 35 years respectively. Additionally, previous studies have reported that high-grade prostate cancer has a stronger relationship with night-shift work than low or medium-grade prostate cancer. Therefore, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that night-shift work in these 2 patients contributed to the development of their prostate cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 2009

The first case of intracranial metastases of a cervical intramedullary low-grade astrocytoma without malignant transformation in adult is presented in this report. Seven years ago, a 45 year-old male patient underwent biopsy to confirm pathologic characteristics and received craniocervical radiation and chemotherapy for a grade II astrocytoma in the cervical spinal cord. Two years later, posterior fusion was necessary for progressive kyphosis in the cervical spine. He was well for approximately 7 years after the primary surgery. Two months ago, he presented with partial weakness and incoordination with gait difficulty. MRI Scan demonstrated multiple small lesions in the cerebellar vermis and left hemisphere. After suboccipital craniectomy and posterior cervical exposure, the small masses in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres were excised to a large extent by guidance of an intraoperative navigation system. The tumor at the cervical and brain lesions was classified as an astrocytoma (WHO grade II). When a patient with low-grade astrocytoma in the spinal cord has new cranial symptoms after surgery, radiaton, and chemotherapy, the possibility of its metastasis should be suspected because it can spread to the intracranial cavity even without malignant transformation as shown in this case.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the implementation of the Converged Science, and what teachers and students think of it in order to understand how it is taking root in schools. The results identify ways in which the new curriculum can establish itself in schools. One hundred and two science teachers, who had participated in the mandatory workshop for the 2009 Amended Course of Science, were given the first survey regarding their general perception of the converged science curriculum. A year after the first implementation of the new curriculum, one hundred and seventy one science teachers were given the second survey in order to determine their general perception and actual results in the classrooms. A similar survey was given to one hundred and forty nine tenth grade students. In addition, one hundred and forty eight tenth grade students, who had experienced the new science curriculum, took part in another survey revealing their general thoughts the course. The results show that the teachers' responses are rarely positive. The teachers claimed that the contents were too extensive while the level of fundamental concepts were too rigorous for tenth graders. They also asserted that the contents contained too much of a particular subject, and that it is necessary to lower the level of rigor. With regard to the level of unification of converged science textbooks, the teachers expressed that they are still slightly inadequate. The subject of science in the seventh curricula was criticized due to its lack of convergence: over 90% of the respondents answered negatively. On the other hand, the students responded more positively: they said that the new converged science was difficult to learn, but was interesting. In Busan, most high schools adopted the new curriculum in the first year when it was introduced for the first time. In most cases (over 80%), several teachers divided and taught the contents either according to their majors or regardless of their majors.

• 한국화재소방학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.28-41
• /
• 2000

Since a few years ago, great disasters have often took place in domestic and abroad, such as Sampoong Department store collapse, Sea-land disaster accident, Incheon Hof fire accidents. Whenever a lot of accidents occurred such as fire, gas explosion, traffic accident, mountain accident, various disease, people required 119 first aid service. As the result, even for the last year, average 2,608 person per day were temporary treated and carried to near hospital by 119 system. But first-aid team or first grade EMT(emergency medical technician) that should provide high quality service and save important lives, might have negatively treated or made their duty only for simple transfer, when they were imminent of emergency case in every kinds of accident spot. Because they worried about medical dispute for "task restriction for EMT" decided by medical laws or rules of first aid. So it was proposed that "task restriction for EMT" should be mitigated or released in the possible range on this occasion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.676-680
• /
• 2000

To minimize the period of brain ischemia and the potential for neurologic damage during aortic arch replacement, we used the arch-first technique. First case was a 28-year-old female with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. Exposure was obtained via a bilateral via a bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell incision) in the anterior 4th right and 3rd left intercostal space with oblique sternotomy. To prepare for arch perfusion, the side-arm graft(10mm) was anastomosed to the aortic graft, opposite the site of the planned anastomosis to the arch vessels. After completing the arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest(37min) and retrograde cerebral perfusion(12min), aortic graft was clamped on either side and the arch was perfused via side-arm graft for 36min. When distal aortic anastomosis was finished, distal clamp of aortic graft was released and arch vessels were perfused via common femoral artery, and the proximal aortic anastomosis was accomplished. The patient was discharged with no event. Second case was a 48-year-old male with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch, and aortic regurgitaiton(grade III/IV). This case was also done using the clamshell incision. Aortic valve replacement was done by valved-conduit(Vascutek 30mm), both coronary artery anastomosis using Cabrol's procedure. Last operation procedure was the same as the 1st case.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 컴퓨터와 스마트폰 활용이 중학생의 창의성과 학업성취도의 종단적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 2013-2015년에 시행한 서울교육종단연구 4-6차년도 자료를 활용하여 잠재성장모형을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 중학교 1학년 시기에 컴퓨터 및 스마트폰의 활용이 많은 학생일수록 창의성과 학업성취도가 높았다. 그러나 학년이 올라감에 따라 컴퓨터 및 스마트폰의 활용 증가율은 창의성 증가율과는 정적인 관계를 나타냈지만, 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었고, 학업성취도 증가율과는 부적인 관계를 나타내었다. 또한, 중학교 1학년 시기에는 창의성이 높은 학생이 학업성취도 또한 높았지만 이러한 경향은 학년이 올라감에 따라 유의하지 않았다.