• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2016

The Long-Term Care Hospital (LTCH) accreditation system was initiated in 2013 in the form of mandatory accreditation system in order to improve patient safety and the quality of medical service at LTCHs. By June 2016, the accredited LTCHs were 76.2%. This research was conducted to review the implementation process in the first cycle and to promote development of the second cycle of LTCH accreditation system. There are some changes which reinforced the accreditation standards, accreditation survey, and public access to accreditation results in order to strengthen patient safety in the first cycle LTCH accreditation system. LTCHs which participated in the accreditation system achieved certain outcomes in respect to patient safety and employee satisfaction. However, there are several urgent problems in placement criteria of night duty health care providers, reinforcement plans in the accreditation system, and incentives for accredited hospitals. In order to solve these problems, the most important thing is to clearly recognize the fact that the healthcare accreditation system is not the means for control and regulate hospitals but a system to induce hospitals to continue to strive for improvements in patient safety and medical service quality. In addition, it is required that LTCHs, accrediting agency and the Ministry of Health and Welfare compromise and cooperate to seek solutions every time issues related to the accreditation system arise.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.26 no.5_6
• /
• pp.1057-1069
• /
• 2008

We consider singularly perturbed Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) for third and fourth order Ordinary Differential Equations(ODEs) of convection-diffusion type with discontinuous source term and a small positive parameter multiplying the highest derivative. Because of the type of Boundary Conditions(BCs) imposed on these equations these problems can be transformed into weakly coupled systems. In this system, the first equation does not have the small parameter but the second contains it. In this paper a computational method named as 'An asymptotic finite element method' for solving these systems is presented. In this method we first find an zero order asymptotic approximation to the solution and then the system is decoupled by replacing the first component of the solution by this approximation in the second equation. Then the second equation is independently solved by a fitted mesh Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical experiments support our theoritical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop environmentally friendly constructed wetland system in order to improve the environment. This system was constructed with two constructed wetlands andone pond. The size of the first and second wetland was 2.5m in length, 2.5m in width and 0.7m in depth for the first wetland and 0.6m in depth for the second wetland. Those were filled with pebbles with about 16~32mm in diameter from bottom to 20cm depth and onto the pebbles with about 0.5 mm in diameter sand in depth 40cm. The first constructed Wetland was planted with pragmites communis. The second was planted with Iris pseudoacorus and Acorus calamus var. aneustatus.A vertical flow system was used in the first constructed wetland and a horizontal flow system in the second. The water of outflow from the second wetland flowed into the pond. This system was installed in Yangpyeong, Kyunggi Province. The Quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed at the first time from May 20 to May 30, 2002 and at second time from June 10 to July 18, 2002. At the second period wetland was implanted with microbes in order to improve the efficiency of constructed wetlands. Following standard methods for wastewater, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed. This system was effective in reducing COD, BOD, SS, T-N and T-P level. The result shows that wastewater was purified through constructed wetland system with plants and highly purified with microbes especially in T-P. The Average total phosphorous concentration of influent and effluent in constructed wetland with microbes was 2.8mg/${\ell}$ L and 0.21mg/${\ell}$ respectively. This system can be used in rural community because this is not only effective on purification of sewage but also is harmonized with the surrounding nature.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.563-578
• /
• 2005

In [Z. Cai and B. C. Shin, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 40 (2002), 307-318], we developed the discrete first-order system least squares method for the second-order elliptic boundary value problem by directly approximating $H(div){\cap}H(curl)-type$ space based on the Helmholtz decomposition. Under general assumptions, error estimates were established in the $L^2\;and\;H^1$ norms for the vector and scalar variables, respectively. Such error estimates are optimal with respect to the required regularity of the solution. In this paper, we study solution methods for solving the system of linear equations arising from the discretization of variational formulation which possesses discrete biharmonic term and focus on numerical results including the performances of multigrid preconditioners and the finite element accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2001

In this study, a general perturbation method is presented to reanalysis dynamic response of base-isolated systems. The perturbation is expanded to general order and which provide the formulation of perturbed solutions. in which eigensolutions of non-modified system are treated as unperturbed solutions. The accuracy of present method is tested using a 2-DOF system with isolator, where the stiffness and damping coefficients of isolator are changed, respectively, The reanalyzed eigensolutions and response using perturbed solutions are successfully approached to exact ones after just first perturbation. Supposing the practical criterion as ${\pm}5%$ error, the modification range of -50%~30% from original system can be allowed for the first order perturbation. Using higher order solutions, the applicable range will be wide.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.518-524
• /
• 2013

This study presents a new design method for a zoom lens, in which real lens groups are designed successively to combine to form a lens modules zoom system. The lens modules and aberrations are applied to the initial design for a four-group inner-focus zoom system. An initial design with a focal length range of 4.2 to 39.9 mm is derived by assigning the first-order quantities and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for optimum solutions. After obtaining the lens module zoom system, the real lens groups are successively, not separately, designed to get a zoom lens system. Compared to the separately designed real lens groups, this approach can give a better starting zoom lens and save time. The successively designed groups result in a zoom system that satisfies the basic properties of the zoom system consisting of the original lens modules. In order to have a slim system, we directly inserted the right-angle prism in front of the first group. This configuration resulted in a compact zoom system with a depth of 12 mm. The finally designed zoom lens has an f-number of 3.5 to 4.5 and is expected to fulfill the requirements for a mobile zoom camera having high zoom ratio of 10x.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.60 no.7
• /
• pp.1396-1403
• /
• 2011

It is not easy to analyze the strong nonlinear time series and effectively design a good prediction system especially due to the difficulties in handling the potential uncertainty included in data and prediction method. To solve this problem, a new design method for fuzzy prediction system is suggested in this paper. The proposed method contains the followings as major parts ; the first-order difference detection to extract the stable information from the nonlinear characteristics of time series, the fuzzy rule generation based on the hierarchically classifying clustering technique to reduce incorrectness of the system parameter identification, and the IT2TSK fuzzy logic system to reasonably handle the potential uncertainty of the series. In addition, the design of the multiple predictors is considered to reflect sufficiently the diverse characteristics concealed in the series. Finally, computer simulations are performed to verify the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed prediction system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1990.10b
• /
• pp.1178-1183
• /
• 1990

A digital signal processor(DSP) is applied to realizing a compensator of control system of active magnetic bearings, to restrict a resonance caused by the first-order bending vibration of a flexible rotor, and to run the rotor beyond the critical speed. A full-order observer is applied to the translatory rotor-motion with the first-order vibration mode. A PID control is used for the conical motion. The rotor used in the experiments is symmetric, and an electromagnet and a displacement sensor are set in collocation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1987.10b
• /
• pp.603-606
• /
• 1987

A simulator is designed in order to evaluate the performance a f a lockup controller. The original analog controller and boiler plant are transformed into digital form model, in which the plant is modeled as a 2 input-2 output system connected to first order peripheral units. The experimented results show that the simulated system renders the same steady state characteristics as data and show usability of simulator.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2023

This paper presents a new method for redistributing effectively the first orders of each lens element to achromatize and athermalize an optical system, by introducing a novel method for adjusting the slope of an achromatic and athermal line. This line is specified by connecting the housing, equivalent single lens, and aberration-corrected point on a glass map composed of available plastic and glass materials for molding. Thus, if a specific lens is replaced with the material characterized by the chromatic and thermal powers of an aberration-corrected point, we obtain an achromatic and athermal system. First, we identify two materials that yield the minimum and maximum slopes of the line from a housing coordinate, which specifies the slope range of the line spanning the available materials on a glass map. Next, redistributing the optical first orders (optical powers and paraxial ray heights) of lens elements by moving the achromatic and athermal line into the available slope range of materials yields a good achromatic and athermal design. Applying this concept to design a mobile-phone camera lens, we efficiently obtain an achromatic and athermal system with cost-effective material selection, over the specified temperature and waveband ranges.