• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

Objectives : In studying East Asia's medical classics, what must first be done before evaluating the validities of clinical grounds is the discernment of the techniques that are based on universal principles from the statements that arise from individual experience. The purpose of this paper is to discover a method of discerning the statements of individual experiences and the descriptions of universal principles. Ingredients and Methods : The paper investigates how each individual clinical experience was introduced in ancient medical classics such as Huangdineijing, Nanjing, Shanghanlun, Jinkuiyaolue, and Maijing, in the books that belong to Yian such as Canggongliechuan, Linzhengzhinanyian, Gujinyianan, and Xumingyileian, and in Korean ancient medical texts such as Eonhae-gugeubbang and Gugeubganibang-eonhae. Results : Books of precriptions and scriptures of medicine were found to include individual experiences. Furthermore, this paper's effort has revealed that the evaluation of the quality of a testimony in an ancient book must be preceded by discerning whether the said testimony is a mere personal testimony or a testimony based on the universal law of causality. Conclusions : Before conducting a clinical research of a precription contained in an East Asian medical classic, the text should first be evaluated to determine whether the prescription in question derives from clinical tests or not.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.59-77
• /
• 1997

Nursing students have identified the clinical experience as one of the hardest and most anxiety producing components of their nursing program. Nurse educators play a critical role in assisting students to apply their knowledge skillfully in the clinical area. In order to help students through their clinical experience, faculty must first understand more fully the meaning of this experience for nursing students. A phenomenological study was conducted to explore the actual reality of the nursing students' clinical experience. The research was done through indepth interviews. Fifteen Pusan senior nursing students who had completed their clinical practice described their experiences. The data were collected during the period from October 1994 to January 1995. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis. Six theme clusters emerged : the experience of emotional difficulties ; the experince of physical diffuculties ; the perception of deficiencies of knowledge and skill ; the disappointments and regrets perceived during the experience ; the awareness of various sources of joy and gratitude ; the experience of personal growth. The results of this study enable us to understand nursing students better. Also through these results, we should be better placed to help nursing students during their clinical experience and to help their gain more from this experience.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.43-58
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study explored the values and attitudes toward the death of paramedic students. It comprehensively investigated paramedic students' first encounters with death during their clinical practice. Methods: Between December 2022 and January 2023, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven paramedic students who underwent clinical practice. Their experiences with death and grievances were explored by applying Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological research method. Results: After exploring and analyzing the collected data, the context and meaning of the phenomenon were integrated. Resultingly, five major categories and 16 subcategories were derived. Conclusion: Universities should introduce a practical curriculum on experiences with death to reduce the negative emotions associated with death that paramedic students experience during their clinical practice and convert them into opportunities for reflection and growth.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the rater reliability of a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for children with cerebral palsy, and to investigate possible differences among raters according to their clinical work experience and testing experience. Methods: Study participants included 18 children with spastic cerebral palsy who could walk. They were instructed by pediatric physical therapists, two of whom had ten years of clinical work experience and two who had less than one year of experience. The children's ability to achieve physical balance was videotaped for PBS items. The raters watched the tapes and evaluated each child twice. Rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences between experienced and novice raters were analyzed using a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The total PBS scores averaged 45.78~48.00 and 45.72~47.67 for first and second tests. Intra-rater reliability was very high (ICC=0.89~0.99), and the repeated measurement coincidence was high (p>0.05). Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC=0.83~0.84), but there was a bit of a difference in the coincidence (p<0.05). The experienced raters' reliability and coincidence were higher than those of the novices, and there were differences in reliance and coincidence between experienced and novice raters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability is very high. However, rater reliability showed defferences depending on clinical work experience and testing experience. When testing pediatric patients with the PBS, the rater's clinical experience and test experience may affect the test results.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore perception of clinical experience between the initial and final practice and to explore changes in the perception of clinical experience. Method: The study used a Q-method to measure perception of clinical practice. Thirty-six statements made up the finalized Q-sample. The P sample used thirty three nursing college students from K university. The initial collection was done in the first semester of their junior year and second collection was done in the last semester of their senior year. The Q-sorts by each student were coded and analysed with the Quanl PC program. Result: Many students classified as having the perception type 'alienation of ideal and reality' or 'perception of limitation of ability' in the initial clinical practice changed to the type, 'active participation' by the final clinical practice. Further, in the initial clinical practice, part of 'active participation' and 'perception of limitation of ability' changed to 'alienation of ideal and reality'. Conclusion: This study shows that perception of their clinical practice by student nurses changed in a positive direction through clinical experience and that this fact was related to the level of satisfaction with nursing. The knowledge and understanding obtained in this research provide insights for nursing faculty and students involved in nursing education.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.39-53
• /
• 2002

This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitude toward euthanasia of EMT and nursing students and to compare their attitude before and after clinical practice. The convenience sample was comprised of 40 first grade and 40 second grade EMT students attended at G college in G-city, and 40 first grade and 40 third grade nursing students attended at C college in C-province. The variable was tested with an euthanasia attitude scale developed by Kim Ae Kyoung(2001). The valid responses were obtained and analyzed by using SPSS PC+ from November 25 to December 6, 2002. The results showed that most of the respondents agreed to have positive attitude toward euthanasia in terms of client's right and client's quality of life. Also, they thought that euthanasia should be legalized and the right to die with dignity should be guaranteed. The EMT respondents having a clinical experience showed significantly higher score than respondents having no experience in the subarea of medical ethics, and nursing respondents who had a clinical practice showed significantly higher score than others no experience in the subarea of quality of life. But, the other sub-areas had no significant difference between the respondents before and after clinical practice. The attitude toward euthanasia composed of sub-areas such as being after the quality of life, having a high regard for a life and recognizing client's right was not affected by the single factor of clinical practice. Therefore, much supportive intervention need to be done for the students about the significant affecting factors found in this study like a religion, values, education and observing experience of someone's death.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.4 no.5 s.19
• /
• pp.68-71
• /
• 1965

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2000

Increasingly nursing science is embracing the concepts and methodology derived from psycho-neuroimmunology. It has been previously shown that stress increases and immune function declines in students undergoing examinations. To date, however, no many studies have been reported on stress levels, immune function and interventions in Korean students undergoing their first clinical nursing rotation. It was proposed that nursing students during their first clinical rotation experience increase in stress because of the novelty of the situation and their lack of clinical knowledge. It was also hypothesized that biofeedback and progressive relaxation, methods of self-regulation of involuntary autonomic nervous system responses, would reduce the stress response. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of progressive muscle laxation using biofeedback The effectiveness of the experimental methods was tested by measuring the degree of symptoms of stress (SOS) and the values of ephinephrine, pulse rate, blood pressure and natural killer cells. The subjects of this study were thirty nursing students divided into two groups: experimental group was progressive muscle relaxation group using biofeedback and control group. This study was conducted for 8 weeks of clinical practice. Biofeedback training was done by software developed by J&J company (1-410 form for progressive muscle training). Progressive muscle relaxation training according to Jacobson's Theory was done by messaged word from biofeedback. The data was analyzed using Chronbach' ${\alpha}$ and t-test of the SPSS program and the significance level of statistics was 5%. The results of the study were : 1) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of symptoms of stress(t=-4.248, p<.001) under clinical practice stress conditions. 2) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective for the values of epinephrine(t=-1.294, p=.206). 3) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of systolic blood pressure (t=-2.757, p=.01). 4) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of diastolic blood pressure (p=-2.032, 0=.05). 5) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective for the reduction of pulse rate(t=-15, p=.988). 6) The progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the maintenance of natural killer cells (t=2.381, p=02). The first clinical rotation for student nurses is a stressful experience as seen by the rise in the SOS in the control group. Biofeedback using progressive muscle relaxation were effective in preventing the rise of symptoms of stress and the blood pressure means when comparing the pre to post clinical experience, The mean natural killer cell count was depressed in the control group but not significantly different in the experimental groups, It is proposed here that stress via the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis suppressed the NK cell count whereas the relaxation methods prevented the rise in stress and the resulting immune depression. We recommend relaxation techniques using biofeedback as a health promotion technique to reduce psychological stress. In summary. the progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was effective for the reduction of symptoms of stress under clinical practice stress conditions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to determine the schemata and their characteristics of stress experience the subjectivity of stress experience(structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the effective clinical education through the stress management for characteristics of these types. Q-methodological method was used for that purpose. The research method statements were collected prior to the study through indepth interviews. For the study, 31 Q-statements were selected. There were 34 nursing students as subjects for the research. The 34 nursing students sorted the 31 statements using the principal of forced normal distribution. The principle of forced normal distribution, which has 9 scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-factor analysis by using PC QUANL program supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were 3 types of special opinion about the stress experience of clinical practice. The first type is called 'Influence of practical atmosphere type'. Members of this type experienced stress by an inadequate orientation and undesirable role model of nursing. The second type is called 'conflict of nursing role type'. Members of this type experienced stress by an inadequate orientation and undesirable role model of nursing. The third type is called 'Lack of confidence type'. Members of this type experienced stress because of a lack of confidence for their own nursing knowledge and skill. As a result, we now need further study to identify individual psychological aspects of stress for clinical practice. The findings will guide the development in effective approaches for clinical education. Finally, the result of the study will provide us the need for developing systematic and integrated practice education program for students and active involvement of clinical instructor.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate an attitude related to clinical laboratory science students' clinical practice. Data for this analysis was gathered from March to May, 2004 by the questionnaires of 348 students who are in their third year in 5 colleges and have experienced clinical practice. The students were satisfied with the term of clinical practice (70.4%) and the first factor influencing them in clinical practice was sincerity (45.1%), and the second was basic knowledge (19.8%). In the contents of clinical practice, 53.2% were satisfied but 43.3% of them showed negative responses because their practice was limited and they were simply assistants. 74.1% were satisfied after experiencing clinical practice and the first factor was improvement of understanding and interest in their major (65.9%) and the second was the gain of confidence (20.1%). Among anxieties in the clinical practice, a shortage of self-confidence (47.7%) was the highest. 81.3% of them wanted to maintain medical technologist's life continuously. It appeared that the more satisfied with their major, the more satisfied with the clinical practice (p<0.05). As a result, the students were satisfied with the clinical practice and fresh experience generally. But they were relatively unsatisfied with the practicality, and connection with the lecture. As a part of efforts to formulate an effective system for clinical practice, it is necessary to establish concrete goals and detail check lists to guide these students among professors, trainers and students.