• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

This study presents analysis of fire hazard of electrical heating pad. In order to analyze fire hazard fire experimental and flammability experiment is conducted. The fire experiment is conducted to simulate normal condition and abnormal condition such as breakdown of thermostat. Vertical burning test(UL 94) is conducted for the fire retardant experiment. Kinds of electric heating pad used for experiment are electric mat, fabric pad, vinyl pad. The results show that fire hazard is high in case of breakdown of thermostat with the rating voltage supply. And Material of electric heating pad has not fire retardant performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.417-430
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• 2020

The flame retardancy, such as carbonized length and area, of four plank type wood products by the spreading concentration and impregnation time of flame retardant were measured according to standard of the Nation Fire Agency in Republic of Korea. To measure the flame retardancy, Korean pine plywood, Japanese larch plywood, Japanese cypress planks, and perforated birch plywood boards were treated with self-development flame retardant by 300 and 500 g/㎡ spreading concentration and those were compared with control specimen. In general, the flame retardant performance of wood products improved as the spreading concentration of flame retardant increased. Except for Japanese larch plywood, there was no significant difference in the flame retardant performance by the spreading concentration. The flame retardant performance of perforated birch plywood board was positively correlated up to 60 minutes of impregnation time, but then gradually decreased. These results about the flame retardancy of wood products by spreading concentration and impregnation time were expected to be basic data for improving flame-retardant treated wood.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

In this study, water glass was applied as a coating material to a rigid polyurethane foam to improve the flame-retardant properties of the foam. The heat release rate of the cone calorimeter of the urethane foam, in which the inorganic water-glass coating layer was applied, decreased rapidly. The water glass coated on the polyurethane surface formed a glassy foam by foaming with water, which did not escape during the vitrification reaction when the foam or glass was heated. The glassy foam formed on the polyurethane foam became a fire-resistant insulation layer that inhibited the combustion of the polyurethane foam for more than 10 min. Water glass was found to improve the flame-retardant properties of the rigid polyurethane foam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.167-168
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• 2010

Non coating type Low melting yarn(L/M PET) not to use the polyurethane resin causing some problems was knitting and evaluated its dyeing characteristics, heat setting properties and flame-retardant properties without flame retardant agent or flame retardant fabric. In order to investigate the dyeing property of fabric of L/M PET, the dyeing of L/M PET was experimented at each different dyeing temperature. Higher exhaustion yield was achieved at lower temperature of L/M PET compared to regular PET. According to result of the study for the heat setting properties of L/M fiber, the K/S value of dyed L/M fiber increased as much as the heat setting temperature did. The experiment for the light fastness reached similar result to dyed PET. However washing fastness in L/M fiber showed lower grade compared with regular PET. flame-retardant efficiency of L/M PET without flame retardant agent or flame retardant fabric measured by $45^{\circ}$ burn test and Contact burn test. The flame?retardant performance of the sample was carried out according to the Korea Fire-fighting Standard.[KOFEIS 1001].

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2002

In this study, two materials treated with a flame retardant were examined for their fire resistance. The first, MDF (medium density fiberboard) was overlaid by an oak sliced veneer, which was either treated by soaking in a 6wt.% solution of flame retardant chemicals (pentabromine-chlorinated paraffin) or non-treated and then was coated with either a flame retardant polyurethane coating or with a common polyurethane coating. The second material, Pinus koraiensis penal was either treated by a spray treatment using a flame retardant solution or non-treated and then was coated with either a flame retardant polyurethane coating or with a common polyurethane coating. Pentabromine-chorinated paraffin chemicals were added (6 part of urethane resin) as the flame retardant chemicals in the polyurethane coatings. In the fire resistance test, the th𝜃(℃·min) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and the flame retardant coatings, compared to the untreated sample Weight loss (%) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and the flame retardant coatings. The ignition time (sec.) increased and the residual flame time (sec.) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and flame retardant coatings. Therefore, the flame retardant treatment or/and flame retardant polyurethane coatings have excellent incombustibility.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2023

Wood is a construction material that has the advantages of carbon dioxide storage ability, noise reflection, and eco-friendliness. In order to use wood for a long time, you must use wood-specific paint, which is called oil stain. Oil stain improves water resistance and moisture resistance, but has the disadvantage of being weak against fire. This is because the oil contained in the oil stain causes a chemical reaction, and this chemical reaction causes the oil stain to spontaneously ignite, igniting nearby combustible materials and causing frequent fires. To improve this, in this study, different flame retardants were mixed and added to oil stain to produce functional oil stain. In addition, we would like to apply it to wood to check glow time and carbonization area. As a result of the experiment, it shows the best performance when mixed at 30(15 + 15)(%) and added to oil stain. The remaining burn time is satisfied from 10% for all samples, and the carbonized area is satisfied when it is 30%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

After produce the extracted wood to silicic acid gel, sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide with application of the making method for carbon dioxide, ignition time, ignition temperature, mass loss rate and critical heat flux are measured according to external radiation source (20, 25, 35 and 50 $kW/m^2$). From the results, pressure impregnation wood to use with water glass and carbon dioxide has fire retardant performance at heat flux (less than 20 $kW/m^2$) of Pre-Flashover fires. If we find out the excellent maxing ratio through continuously study, it might be decided to be able to be utilized as fire-retardant wood.

• Carbon letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2016

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.642-649
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• 2021

Energy saving standard for buildings are strengthened, the application of exterior insulation finishing system and thickness of insulation materials are increasing. Most buildings with exterior insulation finishing system is applied organic insulating material. Organic insulating material have workability, economic feasibility, reduction in construction cost, and excellent thermal insulation performance. However, Organic insulating material is very vulnerable to heat, so when a fire occurs, rapid fire spread and toxic gas are generated, causing many casualties. Inorganic insulating material can be non-combustible performance, but it is heavy and has low thermal insulation performance. Mineral wool has higher thermal insulation performance than other types of inorganic insulating material, but mineral wool is disadvantageous to workability and vulnerable to moisture. Glass bubble are highly resistant to water and chemically stable substances. In addition, the density of the glass bubble is very low and the particles are spherical, fluidity is improved by the ball bearing effect. Glass bubbles can be used with cement-based ino rganic insulating material to impro ve the weight and thermal insulatio n perfo rmance o f cement-based inorganic insulation. This study produced a inorganic insulating materials were manufactured using cement-based materials and glass bubble. In order to evaluate the insulation performance and flame retardant performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials using with glass bubble, insulation performance or flame retardant and non-combustible performance were evaluated after manufacturing insulating materials using micro cement and two types of glass bubbles. From the test result, Increasing the mixing ratio of glass bubbles improved the insulation performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials, and when the mixing ratio of glass bubbles was 10%, it sho wed sufficient flame retardant and no n-co mbustible perfo rmance.