• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2002

In this study, two materials treated with a flame retardant were examined for their fire resistance. The first, MDF (medium density fiberboard) was overlaid by an oak sliced veneer, which was either treated by soaking in a 6wt.% solution of flame retardant chemicals (pentabromine-chlorinated paraffin) or non-treated and then was coated with either a flame retardant polyurethane coating or with a common polyurethane coating. The second material, Pinus koraiensis penal was either treated by a spray treatment using a flame retardant solution or non-treated and then was coated with either a flame retardant polyurethane coating or with a common polyurethane coating. Pentabromine-chorinated paraffin chemicals were added (6 part of urethane resin) as the flame retardant chemicals in the polyurethane coatings. In the fire resistance test, the th𝜃(℃·min) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and the flame retardant coatings, compared to the untreated sample Weight loss (%) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and the flame retardant coatings. The ignition time (sec.) increased and the residual flame time (sec.) decreased with the flame retardant treatment or/and flame retardant coatings. Therefore, the flame retardant treatment or/and flame retardant polyurethane coatings have excellent incombustibility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.271-278
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• 2003

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 1989

To obtain relative effectiveness in fire resistance among fire retardant chemicals, oxygen indices were determined for 3.5 mm thick, three-ply, meranti plywoods, treated with 5 commercial chemicals and water and then press-dried, through Up and Down method following oxygen index test of ASTM D 2863-77. The oxygen indices obtained were 28.4 for ammonium sulfate, 26.9 for monoammonium phosphate, 43.4 for diammonium phosphate, 30.1 for borax-boric acid, 32.4 for minalith, and 25.5 for water. Therefore, diammonium phosphate was found to rank first in fire-retardant effectiveness, followed by minalith, borax-boric acid, ammonium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate in turn, judging from the fact that highly flammable materials are likely to have a low oxygen index.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the development of fire-retardancy treatment technology and performance evaluation of fire-retardant treated plywoods. Radiata pine, keruing, dillenia, calophyllum and terminalia veneers were treated by normal(conventional) pressure soak(NPS) and vacuum-pressure-soak(VPS) using 20% water solution of diammonium phosphate. Then, 4.8mm thick, 3ply plywoods were fabricated with combination of fire-retardant treated, untreated or water-immersion types and several composition types of radiata pine and keruing veneers, i,e. the uniform and the mixed types in species composition, and the homogenious and the alternate layer types in veneer treatment. In composed species, the retention and the treatment effects of fire-retardant chemicals III radiata pine was still greater than those of keruing. The effect of VPS treatment was larger than that of NPS treatment, however, adhesive bonding strength and bending strength of plywoods treated by these two methods were not necessarily lowered, compared to those of untreated plywood. And also, fire endurance performance of the urea melamine resin-bonded plywood was greater than that of the phenol resin-bonded plywood. In result, the appropriate combination in veneer species and layer as well as alternate fire-retardant treatments would be more efficiently available in service.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.244-251
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• 2011

The combustion characteristics were evaluated for Japanese Red Pine (Pinus Densiflora) and Korean Pine (Pinus Koraensis). These two species are widely used as building member of Korea-style house and volume density of Japanese Red Pine is relatively higher than that of Korean Pine. The combustion characteristics are closely connected with volume density. The differences of two species in both total heat release (THR) and average heat release rate (HRR) seemed to be resulted from the volume density. Toxicity of smoke from the specimens was increased because of fire-retardant treatment.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

Utilizing waste materials in making useful products is a globally increasing trend. This can reduce the cost and environmental issues. In this study, oyster shell powder (OSP) is reinforced as a filler in polypropylene (PP) matrix to make a new composite. The purpose is to improve fire retardant properties of PP as a result of OSP reinforcement. Mechanical, fire retardant and water absorption properties of the new composite have been studied in this research. Concentration of OSP reinforcement in PP has been varied by wt% and its effect on the above mentioned properties has been observed. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images of tensile and bending fractured surfaces have been taken to observe the failure mechanism during mechanical tests. An increase in the fire retardancy has been observed as a result of the OSP reinforcement while tensile strength decreased. Stiffness also increased with the addition of OSP in PP.