• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제13권spc2호
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• pp.332-335
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• 2012

A molded transformer is maintenance-free, which makes it unnecessary to replace the insulating material, like in an oil-filled transformer, because the epoxy, which is a molded insulating resin, does not suffer variations in its insulating performance for heat cycles over a long time, as compared to insulating oil. In spite of these advantages, a molded transformer may still be accessed by the user, which is not good in regards to reliability or noise compared to the oil transformers. In particular, a distrust exists regarding reliability due to the long-term insulating performance. These properties have been studied in regards to the improvement of epoxy composites and molded transformer insulation. There have nevertheless been insufficient investigations into the insulation properties of epoxy composites. In this study, it is a researching of the epoxy for insulating material. In order to prepare the specimens, a main resin, a hardener, an accelerator, and a nano/micro filler were used. Varying amounts of TiO2 and ZnO nano fillers were added to the epoxy mixture along with a fixed amount of micro silica. This paper presents the DC insulation breakdown test, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity results for the manufactured specimens. From these results, it has been found that the insulating performance of nano/micro epoxy composites is improved as compared to plain molded transformer insulation, and that nano/micro epoxy composites contribute to the reliability and compactness of molded transformers.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aim to investigate the relationship between NIHSS and distribution of pattern identification in stroke patients. Methods : 1471 participants from the patients hospitalized for stroke within 4 weeks from April 2007 to August 2009 were included. They were grouped according to the NIHSS score; group 1 for the participants whose NIHSS were less than six, group 2 for seven to fifteen, and group 3 for over than sixteen. And the patients were re-divided into two groups according to their post-onset interval. The difference of distribution of five pattern identification for each group were investigated. And five pattern identification were re-analyzed according to the deficiency-excess pattern identification. K-W test was used for statistical synthesis, and the result was regarded as significant one, if its p-value was below 0.05. Results : Dampness-phelegm pattern was the most frequent out of five patterns in total participants as well as all the subgroups. In group 3 with more serious neurological deficit, larger proportion of patients in early acute stage was diagnosed as excess pattern including Fire-Heat pattern. On the other side the proportion of Deficiency of Qi and Yin was larger in late convalescent stage of group 3 than in other groups. But nothing was statistically significant. Conclusions : Further study including patients with more variant classification with follow-up evaluation is needed to reflect the real characteristics of stroke population.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.125-126
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• 2021

In order to improve the housing culture, construction changes for the utilization of diverse and multifunctional spaces are appearing in response to the increasing diverse needs of consumers. Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) is being developed for use in fire-resistant heat-insulating walls and non-bearing walls. However, manufacturing non-uniformity has become a problem as a drawback due to the use of foamed bubbles and normal temperature curing, and additional research is required. Therefore, in order to suppress cracks due to drying shrinkage, silica sand is mixed with CLC to try to understand its characteristics. In the experiment, the compressive strength from 7 to 28 days of age was measured via a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the drying shrinkage was analyzed according to each condition using a strain gauge. The compressive strength of matrix tends to decrease as the substitution rate of silica sand increases. This is judged by the result derived from the fact that the specific surface area of silica sand is smaller than that of slag. Based on KS F 2701 (ALC block), the compressive strength of 0.6 products is 4.9 MPa or more as a guide, so the maximum replacement rate of silica sand that satisfies this can be seen at 60%. Looking at the change in drying shrinkage for just 7 days, the shrinkage due to temperature change and drying is 0.7 mm, and the possibility of cracking due to shrinkage can be seen, and it seems that continuous improvement and supplementation are needed in the future.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2023

활성탄은 주로 기체나 액체상의 흡착제로 사용되는 탄소질 재료이다. 휘발성 유기화합물의 흡착열 축적 및 산화 등에 의해 화재가 꾸준히 발생함에 따라 석탄과 야자껍질을 원료로 하는 분말 및 입상활성탄을 대상으로 폭발특성 및 열안정성을 평가하였다. 입도분석을 통해 분말활성탄은 입도범위 (0.4~3) ㎛를 가지는 것을 확인하였으며, 시차주사열량계와 열중량분석기를 사용하여 발열개시온도 및 분해거동 등의 열적 특성을 분석하였다. 부유분진에 대한 폭발위험성을 평가한 결과, 석탄계 및 야자계 분말활성탄 모두 St1 등급으로 폭발에 의한 위험성이 약한 분진으로 분류되지만 이는 상대적인 크기를 나타내는 것으로 폭발에 의한 위험성이 절대적으로 작음을 의미하는 것이 아니므로 피해저감을 위한 대책을 수립할 필요가 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2024

수소전기차의 보급 확대가 빠르게 이루어지며 수소충전소의 모델 또한 다양화되고 있다. 이에 따라 종류별 수소 충전소의 안전에 대한 이슈가 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 승용·버스·트럭 등 다차종 동시 수소충전이 가능한 수소 스테이션의 정량적 위험성평가를 진행하였다. 정량적 위험성평가에 범용적으로 사용되는 Gexcon 사(社)의 Effects&Riskcurves Software를 활용하여 수소 누출에 따른 화재, 폭발 등의 시나리오를 부여하였다. 이를 통해 복사 열, 폭발 과압에 의한 피해 영향 거리를 계산해냈으며, 주변 건물 및 인구에 미치는 위험도를 측정하였다. 피해 영향 거리가 가장 크게 나타난 것은 충전설비 및 고압 압축가스 설비의 화재 및 폭발이었으며 개인적 및 사회적 위험도에 가장 크게 기여한 설비는 고압 압축가스 설비로 나타났다. 이에 따라 충전설비 및 압축가스 설비에 대한 안전거리를 보수적으로 책정하며 적절한 방호조치를 설치한다면 수소 누출 사고 발생 시 인적·물적 피해 최소화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 검토된다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-227
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• 2005

Heojun was the top scientist on Medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries and wrote the Dongeubogam describing the top-level medical theory and technology. So far, his outlook on nature has been disregarded even though his medicine is still effective. Through this study, I would like to know if his outlook on nature as well as his medicine is still effective. The conclusions are as follows: 1. According to his output, the origin of the universe started from the spinning of One Gi(一氣) which is quite different from Hawking's theory. Hawking assumed that the origin of the universe started from the Big-bang and will end to the Big-crunch. However, the current report on the origin of a star is quite similar to Heojun's theory and we acknowledge that his view on the origin of the universe is still effective. 2. According to his output, the universe repeats expanding and contracting forever while Hawking assumed it will come to the end, the Big-crunch, based on the expanding universe theory. Some scientists assists that Hawking's assumption should have some contradictions. Now, we acknowledge that Heojun's universal cycling theory which corresponds with modern physical theories is still effective, which would lead to a new environmental movement. 3. His view on the structure of the universe is quite different from the output of the current science, which results from his thought that the nature should be reviewed from the point of human's view. His view on the structure will be able to be updated based on the output of the current science. 4. The universe analogy started from the East Asian area as well as the Greek and Roman area in the ancient. The idea has disappeared since the scientific revolution era in the West while the idea has been deepened and abundant in the East and has become one of the major philosophical bases. Heojun emphasized its importance from the beginning of his book. 5. The nation analogy has been popular all times and places. According to his output, governing a country is like controlling one's body. 6. According to Needham's output, the universe analogy and the nation analogy were based on the ancient developed alchemy. And Harper assumed that Taiosm was based on the macrobiotic hygiene which was developed by the ancient developed alchemists. We acknowledge that xian(仙) cult, macrobiotic hygiene, medicine, alchemy and the ancient philosophy started from our ancients. Heojun's output restored our ancient tradition by combining the macrobiotic hygiene and philosophy with medicine. 7. Roughly predicting yearly weather would be unacceptable by the current scientist but Heojun's yearly weather forecast is still used in the clinic and seems effective to prepare from any epidemic disease. 8. 'Day and Night' and Four seasons are the most important factors to the macrobiotic hygiene according to the Dongeubogam. The new environmental movements should be based on the most important factors, otherwise the human beings as well as the environment would fail to survive. 9. Wind, Coldness, Heat, Humidity, Dryness and Fire represents weather. The six weather factors represent one of six phases of a year which is decided by the areal factors. Heojun preferred the six factors generated in the body itself to them from the outside. He thought a human being was a universe and the six factors generated in the body responded to the factors of the outside. 10. According to his output, Heat and Humidity are the most important factors which make a human being ill. 11. Life span, disease, food, and dwelling are dependent upon the geographical feature, according to Heojun's output. In addition, one's appearance and his five viscera and the six entrails depend on the food as well as the geographical feature. 12. Heath is related with the environment and they effects upon each other. If one is weak, he will be deeply effected by the nature. On the other hand, if one is strong, he will effect on the nature. That's why people live together. 13. According to Heojun's work, the society is an important factor comprising the environment. During a peaceful era, the society becomes stable and human beings are stable as well while they will be on fire during a chaotic era. 14. Medicine deals with human beings who live in the nature, so any medical book cannot be excellent unless it has any description on the nature. Heojun's outlook on the nature turned out to be logical and suitable even from the point of the current view and it is still effective as if his clinical knowledge and technology are still effective. Something unsuitable may be substituted with the output of the current science.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

Objective : This empirical research is performed to recognize diagnostic concept, pattern identification, and clinical features of Hwa-byung. In other words, the aims of this research are to examine the differences of the diagnosis between Hwa-Byung and the other psychiatric disorders, and to find out pattern identification, and clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung for prescriptions of this syndrome. Method : In the experiment, there were participated 30 patients who were met for our criterions according to HBDIS (Hwa-Byung Diagnostic interview Schedule). These patients were diagnosed as Axis1 according to criterions of DSM-IV with administering SCID-I. OMS-prime was utilized for finding out pattern identification of oriental medicine. Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Hemilton rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I.) were also utilized to discover clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung Patients. Results : 1. Regarding Sex-ratio, male subjects were 3(10%), and female subjects are 27(90%). The age of subjects ranged from 22 year old to 75 $(51.87{\pm}11.04;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ 2. In the results of diagnosis on the basis of DSM-IV, the 17(56.67%) patients were MOD (Major Depressive Disorder), the 5(16.67%) patients were USD (Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder), the 4(13.33%) patients were Dysthymic Disorder, the 3(10%) patients were GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), and the 1(3.33%) was Panic Disorder. Two of the patients who diagnosed as MOD were diagnosed as Panic Disorder too, and one of them was diagnosed as Pain Disorder too. 3. Regarding pattern identification, Hwa-Byung is positively correlated to deficiency of Heart(心). and then to stagnancy of Liver-Gall bladder. Hwa-Byung is correlated deficiency symptom-complex rather than excessiveness symptom-complex. That is also correlated positively to Pathological heat and fire. 4. In SCL90-R, the mean of PSDI was $(75.3{\pm}10.7;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$. The each mean of the other 11 factors was distributed between50-70. 5. The mean of HRSD was $(17.9{\pm}5.6;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ in the entire subject's group. Then the group of MDD was $20.9{\pm}4.4$ and the group of USD was $12.0{\pm}4.8$ 6. In the results of HRV. the mean of TP is $972.4{\pm}1174(Mean{\pm}SD)$, this is lower than normal range 1000-200. The other factors were within normal range. Then, there were no significant differences between them (p<0.05). 7. The temperatures of each acupoint have significant differences between HNl(印堂) and PC6(內關), between CV17(顫中) and PC6(內關), between HN1(印堂) and CV8(神闕), between CV17(顫中) and CV8(神闕) in comparison with the average of body temperature in the use of D.I.T.I. (p<0.01) 8. In the analysis of correlation between SCL-90-R, HRSD, HRV. and D.I.T.I. there were no significant results. According to results that the correlation was analyzed with only the MDD group as subjects, there was negative correlation between RMSSD of HRV and HRSD, between LF of HRV and PDSIof SCL-90-R, and between LF/HF of HRV and ANX, PSY, and PDSI of SCL-90-R. Conclusion : In the observation of clinical features of 30 cases of Hwa-Byung patients by using diverse structured tests, there could make diverse diagnosis as depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and Somatoform Disorder. Particularly. MDD was highly distributed. Considering oriental medicine's pattern identification of Hwa-Byung, this syndrome is related strongly to Heart, and there were demonstrated deficiency symptom-complex, and Pathological heat and fire. One of the limits of this study is lack of control subject's group, therefore, in the future study, it requires reexamination through a comparative research with these data to complete this study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2012

1. 형상의학(形象醫學)에서는 사람을 얼굴형태에 따라 정(精) 기(氣) 신(神) 혈(血)과로 이목구비(耳目口鼻)의 기능에 따라 어(魚) 조(鳥) 주(走) 갑류(甲類)로 분류하며, 이러한 분류에 따른 장부(臟腑)의 특성을 사암침(舍巖鍼) 운용에 활용하면 임상에서 활용도가 높다. 2. 어류(魚類)는 수(水)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 수체(水體)라고도 하며 신장(腎臟)이 발달하여 신장(腎臟)과 관련된 병이 오기 쉽다. 그 본치(本治)가 보정보기(補精補氣)이며 주로 신정격(腎正格)을 운용하고 신양허쇠(腎陽虛衰)인 경우 신열격(腎熱格), 신음허(腎陰虛)인 경우 신한격(腎寒格)을 쓰며 정혈(精血)의 휴손(虧損)이 심한 경우 간정격(肝正格)도 운용할 수 있다. 3. 조류(鳥類)는 화(火)의 기운(氣運)을 많이 받아 화체(火體)라고도 하며 심장(心臟)이 발달하여 심장병(心臟病) 신경성 질환이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 자음강화(滋陰降火)며 심장(心臟)의 음혈(陰血)을 보(補)하고 화(火)를 내리는 심한격(心寒格)을 위주로 하여, 심화(心火)를 사(瀉)하면서 음혈(陰血)을 보해주고 신지(神志)를 안정시키는 심승격(心勝格), 심기(心氣)가 부족한 경우 심정학(心正格), 심담(心膽)이 모두 허(虛)한 경우 담정격(膽正格)을 운용할 수 있다. 4. 주류(走類)의 목(木)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 목체(木體)라고도 하며 간(肝)이 발달(發達)하여 간(肝)과 관련된 병(病)이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 청열사습(靑熱瀉濕), 자혈양근(滋血養筋)이므로 간정격(肝正格)을 주로 운용하고, 간화(肝火)가 동(動)하거나 간실증(肝實證)이 나타난 경우 간한격(肝寒格)이나 간승격(肝勝格)을, 간기(肝氣)가 항진(亢進)으로 인해 비기(脾氣)가 허(虛)해져 있는 경우 비정격(脾正格)을, 습열이 너무 성(盛)한 경우 대장정격(大場正格)을 운용할 수 있다. 5. 갑류(甲類)는 금(金)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 금체(金體)라고도 하며 폐(肺)가 발달하여 폐(肺)와 관련된 병이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 해울소담(解鬱消痰)이므로 폐정격(肺正格)을 통해 보폐순기(補肺順氣)하며 울증(鬱症)이 심한 경우 폐승격(肺勝格)으로 통해 소담(消痰)시켜주고 기울방(氣鬱方)으로 해울(解鬱)하기도 한다. 6. 정과(精科)는 그 특성상 정(精)의 누설(漏泄)에 의한 증상 및 정부족(精不足), 양허증상(陽虛證狀)과 정(精)의 과도한 응집(凝集)에 의한 습열(濕熱)이 기본 병리이며 기본처방은 신기(腎氣)를 강화하는 신정격(腎正格)을 중심으로 하여, 신열격(腎熱格) 신한격(腎寒格) 등을 변증에 따라 운용하며 습열(濕熱)이 성한 경우 대장정격(大腸正格) 비승격(脾勝格) 등 습열(濕熱)을 다스리는 처방과 비정격(脾正格), 습담방(濕痰方) 등 습담(濕痰)을 다스리는 처방이 운용될 수 있다. 7. 기과(氣科)의 기본 병리(病理)는 기울(氣鬱), 기체(氣滯)에 의한 구기(九氣), 칠기(七氣), 중기(中氣), 매핵기(梅核氣), 불면증(不眠症) 등 신경성 질환이 많고 특히 여자의 경우 손발과 하복부가 차고 대소변이 안좋으며 징가(癥痂), 현벽(痃癖) 등의 질환이 많다. 또한 지나친 발산(發散)으로 인하여 기허증(氣虛證)이 나타나기도 한다. 따라서 기본처방은 기울방(氣鬱方), 담음방(痰飮方), 담현방(痰眩方), 기수방(氣嗽方), 폐승격(肺勝格), 삼초정격(三焦正格) 등이며, 기허증(氣虛證)이 나타나는 경우 폐정격(肺正格)을 사용할 수 있다. 8. 신과(神科)의 기본병리는 칠정울결(七情鬱結)이나 담화(痰火), 화성음허(火盛陰虛)이며 대표적인 증상은 경계(驚悸), 정충(怔忡), 건망(健忘), 불면(不眠), 전간(癲癎), 전광(癲狂) 등이다. 따라서 기본처방은 심한격(心寒格), 심승격(心勝格), 심정격(心正格), 담정격(膽正格), 비한격(脾寒格)을 중심으로 열담방(熱痰方), 군화방(君火方), 상화방(相火方), 화울방(火鬱方) 등을 사용할 수 있다. 9. 혈과(血科)의 기본병리는 어혈(瘀血) 및 출혈이며 대표적인 증상은 구규출혈(九竅出血)과 어혈(瘀血), 혈허증(血虛證)이다. 따라서 기본처방은 간정격(肝正格), 손혈방(損血方), 심한격(心寒格) 비한격(脾寒格) 심비한격(心脾寒格), 소장정격(小腸正格), 소장한격(小腸寒格), 어혈방(瘀血方), 뉵혈방(衄血方) 등을 사용할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

최근 들어 늘어나고 있는 도시형 화재 사고와 건축 외장재에 따른 화재 피해 사례의 증가에 따라 난연처리기술의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 특히, 목재를 기반으로 한 건축재료의 활용에 있어서 난연처리기술은 더욱 중요하게 평가되고 있다. Intumescent 시스템은 비할로겐계 난연처리기술의 하나로, 발포와 탄화층 형성을 통하여 난연성을 구현하는 시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 Intumescent 시스템을 적용하기 위해 Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)를 매트릭스로 채용하여 복합재료를 제조하였다. Intumescent 시스템의 난연특성을 강화하기 위해 나노클레이를 함께 적용하였다. Intumescent 시스템과 나노클레이 기술을 함께 적용한 복합재료를 시트상의 시험편으로 가공한 후, 이를 활용하여 표면의 난연특성이 강화된 새로운 구조의 교호집성재를 제작하였다. Intumescent 시스템을 적용한 복합재료의 연소특성 평가에서 최대 열방출량이 효과적으로 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 표면에 부착된 구조에 따라 CLT는 두 단계에 걸친 연소 현상이 발생했다. 또한, 심부 연소 과정에서 최대 열방출률이 크게 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 특성은 목재의 연소과정에 있어 연소 확산지연효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 표면단판에 대한 난연처리기술 및 복합재료 적용 최적화 기술을 통해 보다 화재특성이 개선된 CLT 구조체 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2016

싸리속(Lespedeza)식물은 가축사료, 제방 녹화용 등으로 활용되는 자원식물이다. 이들 종자는 산지의 화재 이후에 발아, 출현하는 fire species로 알려져 있다. 선행연구에서 이런 점을 착안하여 인위적으로 열을 가했을 때 발아가 되었으나 발아율이 낮고 처리가 용이하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 개싸리 종자를 황산처리하여 화학적으로 종피처리하여 발아율을 높이기 위해 수행되었다. 개싸리 종자를 98% 황산에 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384분 동안 침지시키고 흐르는 물에 24시간 동안 씻었다. 황산처리를 하지 않은 대조구의 경우 거의 발아가 되지 않았지만, 황산처리 기간이 길어질수록 개싸리의 발아율이 증가하였다. 황산 24, 48, 92분 처리에서 90% 이상 발아가 되었다. 그러나 장기간 황산처리시 발아된 유근에 황산피해가 관찰되었다. 기외 실험에서 황산처리 후 건전묘 출현을 알아보기 위해 황산 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 300분을 처리한 원예상토가 충진된 트레이에 파종하고 비닐온실에서 발아율을 측정하였다. 황산 90분, 150분 처리에서 발아율은 각각 92%, 84%였으나 이보다 더 긴 기간 동안 처리하였을 때 출현율이 떨어졌다. 따라서 개싸리의 발아를 위한 황산 최적시간은 1~2시간으로 판단된다. 개싸리는 종피처리 이후 바로 발아가 시작되어 대부분 1달 이내에 발아가 완료되었으며, 이는 개싸리 종자는 생리적 휴면은 없는 물리적 휴면을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.