Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas (한국가스학회지)

The Korean Institute of GAS (한국가스학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on Explosion Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Activated Carbon

활성탄의 폭발특성과 열안정성에 관한 연구

  • Yi-Rac Choi (Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute) ;
  • Dong-Hyun Seo (Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute) ;
  • Ou-Sup Han (Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute) ;
  • Hyo-Geun Cha (Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute)
  • 최이락 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 서동현 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 한우섭 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원) ;
  • 차효근 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원)
  • Received : 2023.08.16
  • Accepted : 2023.09.25
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Activated carbon is a carbonaceous material mainly used as a gaseous or liquid adsorbent. As fire-related accidents occur consistently due to the accumulation of heat of adsorption and oxidation of volatile organic compounds, the explosive characteristics and thermal stability of powdered and granular activated carbon made from coal and coconut shells were evaluated. As a result of the particle size analysis, the powdered activated carbon was in the particle size range (0.4~3) ㎛, and thermal properties such as exothermic onset temperature and decomposition behavior were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry and a thermogravimetric analysis. As a result of the evaluation of the explosion hazards for dust, both coal-based and coconut-based powdered activated carbon are classified as St1 class with weak explosion, but this is a relative and does not mean that the explosion hazards is absolutely low. Therefore, it is necessary to establish countermeasures for reducing the damage.

활성탄은 주로 기체나 액체상의 흡착제로 사용되는 탄소질 재료이다. 휘발성 유기화합물의 흡착열 축적 및 산화 등에 의해 화재가 꾸준히 발생함에 따라 석탄과 야자껍질을 원료로 하는 분말 및 입상활성탄을 대상으로 폭발특성 및 열안정성을 평가하였다. 입도분석을 통해 분말활성탄은 입도범위 (0.4~3) ㎛를 가지는 것을 확인하였으며, 시차주사열량계와 열중량분석기를 사용하여 발열개시온도 및 분해거동 등의 열적 특성을 분석하였다. 부유분진에 대한 폭발위험성을 평가한 결과, 석탄계 및 야자계 분말활성탄 모두 St1 등급으로 폭발에 의한 위험성이 약한 분진으로 분류되지만 이는 상대적인 크기를 나타내는 것으로 폭발에 의한 위험성이 절대적으로 작음을 의미하는 것이 아니므로 피해저감을 위한 대책을 수립할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2021년 산업안전보건연구원의 재원으로 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. Hazard assessment of fire and explosion in activated carbon dust, OSHRI, (2021)
  2. Choi, Y. R., Seo, D. H., Lee. J. Y. and Han, O. S., "A study of fire and explosion hazards of activated carbon", Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Hazardous Materials Conference, 114, (2021)
  3. https://www.kfpa.or.kr
  4. https://dustsafetyscience.com/potential-dust-explosion-coushatta-louisiana/
  5. Kim, S. G. and Shin, C. S., "Fire and explosion risk assessment of adsorbed AC powder with organic solvents", Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference, 68-73, (2001)
  6. Kim, J. H., Hyun, S. H., Lee, C. W. and Hahm, Y. M., "A study on the explosion riskiness with flying of activated carbon", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, 12(3), 3-9, (1998)
  7. Lei, Q., Xie, Q. and Ding, Y., "Fire hazard evaluation of activated carbon", Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 139, 441-449, (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08417-z
  8. Buettner, L. C., LeDuc, C. A. and Glover T. G., "Instantaneous ignition of activated carbon", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53, 15793-15797, (2014) https://doi.org/10.1021/ie502343y
  9. Siwek, R., Development of a 20 ltr laboratory apparatus and its application for the investigation of combustible dusts, Ciba Geigy AG. Basel, Switzerland, (1985)
  10. Cashdollar, K. L., "Overview of dust explosibility characteristics", Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 13(3-5), 183-199, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-4230(99)00039-X
  11. Swiatkowski, A., "Industrial carbon adsorbents", Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 120, 69-94, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(99)80549-7
  12. Barknecht, W., Dust explosion : course, prevention, protection, Springer-Verlag, 56-80, (1989)
  13. Suzin, Y., Buettner, L. C. and LeDuc, C. A., "Characterizing the ignition process of activated carbon", Carbon, 37, 335-346, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00138-3
  14. Li, Q. E., Zhang, B. J., Lyu, S. S., Qi, Z., "Spontaneous combustion characteristics of activated carbon modified via liquid phase impregnation during drying", ACS Omega, 8, 32752-32764, (2023) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c03563
  15. "Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - part 3 : determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds", BS EN 14034-3, (2006)
  16. Hazard assessment of fire and explosion in Sub-Bituminous coal dust for fired power plant, OSHRI, (2019)
  17. Sugar dust explosion and fire, U.S. CSB investigation report, (2008)
  18. "Standard test method for pressure and rate of pressure rise for combustible dusts", ASTM E1226, (2019)