• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.49-57
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• 1997

This paper examines the advantages of designing fire safety from first principles and the potential for this approach in East Asia. In order to show how this approach can be used, actual case studies are discussed. These studies demonstrate the way in which fire science and research can have a positive impact on fire safety design for buildings.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

The movement towards sustainable building design can result in unique fire protection challenges and concerns, especially with super tall buildings in relationship to traditional prescriptive code compliance. Different countries haves different code requirements as well as local best practices and may cause conflict with the design features when designing green buildings. These include, but not limited to green roofs, sprinkler water quality and testing, fire department access and areas of refuge with direct or indirect impact by the perspective code compliance. The solutions to these prescriptive code challenges and fire safety concerns can range from simple alternatives to more detailed engineering performance-based design analyses with good solid practice.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

The present study has been performed to examine the feasibility of a flame spread model on the design fire scenario for fire risk analysis. Thermo-Gravimetric analysis and sample burning test were conducted to obtain the material properties of a single couch covered with synthetic leather material and a series of FDS calculations applying with the measured material properties were performed for different grid sizes. The overall fire growth characteristics predicted by the fire model were quite different from the results of a real scale fire test and the initial peak value of the HRR and total released energy showed the results within a 30% discrepancy for the computational grids used in the present study. The current model has some limitations in predicting the fire growth characteristics, such as fire growth rate and the time to the maximum HRR. This study shows that the fire model may be applicable to creating the design fire scenario through continuous model improvement and detailed material properties.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

For the fire-fighting industry to advance, it is necessary to conduct research on which parts of the fire-fighting law should be changed from the system level, and to study the opinions of the fire-fighters whoa re working in the fire-fighting industry today, and to identify what needs to be changed. Moreover, it is necessary to become aware on the preventive measures to take to avoid fire so that the citizens can lead stable life. Design business among the fire-fighting facility business, it is the fire-fighting facility business that serves as the most basic when constructing building structure. This is an important legal matter that follows the fire-fighting business, fire-fighting audit business and even the maintenance and management business. This research sought to help the fire-fighting industry to contribute to the life of the general public and to increase welfare by identifying the problems pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business among the fire-fighting industry so that the industry can become the fire-fighting industry that the citizens are interested in. Moreover, direction for advancement is proposed. As for the improvement measures for the fire-fighting policy pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business, it is divided into the machinery and electricity fields in terms of the legal system pertaining to the general fire-fighting facility design business. Likewise, specialty in design is deficient. Thus, it should be integrated in a systematic level to contribute to the safety of the general public.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 2010

Numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the mist flow characteristics through the fire suppression nozzles for the design purposes. The commercial softwares, FLUENT and the fire dynamic simulator, FDS with the proper modelings were chosen as the numerical tools. In order to find optimal conditions in sense of the main performances of nozzles, the spray characteristics were analyzed both inside and outside of the nozzles. Geometric factors of the injecting orifices, i.e., diameter and chamfered angle were chosen as the simulation parameters for design application. From the present numerical results, 1.0c nozzles, whose orifice-diameter was 1 mm, having the chamfered angles were shown as the best performance of the fire suppression.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2009

An experience based training system concerning various fire situations which may result many casualties has been required to make rapid decision and improve the responsiveness. Recently, the necessity of virtual reality (VR) based training system which can replace a dangerous full-scale fire training and be easily adopted to the training or evaluation process is increasing. This study constructed tile virtual environment according to pre-defined scenarios, utilized the FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator), three dimensional computational fire analysis program, to derive numerically simulated data on the propagation of fire. Finally, by visualizing the realistic fire and smoke behavior through virtual reality technique and implementing real-time interaction, we developed a VR-based fire training simulator. Also, in order to ensure the sense for tile real of a virtual world and reaI-time performance at the same time, we proposed appropriate data processing and space search algorithms, demonstrate d the value of proposed method through experiments.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 2001

Applying a life safety concept to apartment design procedure is essential to protect people from unwanted fire. A Balcony design in apartment is a important egress safety factor because it provide means of safe egress and can limit a flame spread to adjacent space from fire source. Some design principles and details of balcony plan are suggested to improve egress safety level with analyzing broad case study.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 1998

Standard on the carbon dioxide extinguishing system was prepared by the committed of the national fire protection assocition(NFPA)in USA on 1980. And this code is also applied to the design of a marine fire extinguishing system The most important problem in design is the uniform discharge of $CO_2$ through each nozzle from the high pressure $CO_2$ storage facility. The purpose of this paper is to develop the computer software to design the marine fire protection piping system. By solving the continuity equation energy equation and Bernoulli's equation simulataneously the flowrate in branch pipelines and discharge nozzles can be calculated.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.345-364
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• 2021

Developments in the understanding of fire behaviour for large open-plan spaces typical of tall buildings have been greatly outpaced by the rate at which these buildings are being constructed and their characteristics changed. Numerous high-profile fire-induced failures have highlighted the inadequacy of existing tools and standards for fire engineering when applied to highly-optimised modern tall buildings. With the continued increase in height and complexity of tall buildings, the risk to the occupants from fire-induced structural collapse increases, thus understanding the performance of complex structural systems under fire exposure is imperative. Therefore, an accurate representation of the design fire for open-plan compartments is required for the purposes of design. This will allow for knowledge-driven, quantifiable factors of safety to be used in the design of highly optimised modern tall buildings. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art experimental research on large open-plan compartment fires from the past three decades. We have assimilated results collected from 37 large-scale compartment fire experiments of the open-plan type conducted from 1993 to 2019, covering a range of compartment and fuel characteristics. Spatial and temporal distributions of the heat fluxes imposed on compartment ceilings are estimated from the data. The complexity of the compartment fire dynamics is highlighted by the large differences in the data collected, which currently complicates the development of engineering tools based on physical models. Despite the large variability, this analysis shows that the orders of magnitude of the thermal exposure are defined by the ratio of flame spread and burnout front velocities (V_S / V_BO), which enables the grouping of open-plan compartment fires into three distinct modes of fire spread. Each mode is found to exhibit a characteristic order of magnitude and temporal distribution of thermal exposure. The results show that the magnitude of the thermal exposure for each mode are not consistent with existing performance-based design models, nevertheless, our analysis offers a new pathway for defining thermal exposure from realistic fire scenarios in large open-plan compartments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.345-352
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• 1997

We could analyse the fire behavior using the developed software for fire safety assessment in a large space such as atrium. But Korean building law hasn't admitted the result of fire risk assessment in atrium. In the legislation fire resistant wall or shutter must be required between atrium and office rooms, That has obstructed development of building design and fire protection technique in Korea. From this point of view, we made scenarios of fire spread between atrium and office rooms, and then computed fire spread and fire phenomena using FASTLite and Breakl. In this study, we can decide that fire compartmentalization between atrium and office rooms doesn't require in Atrium building if the material and fire protection system were reliable. Consequently, Korean Fire Protection Regulations have to consider in direction of increasing freedom of building.