• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.141-152
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• 2012

The typical evacuation guidance system based on fire detectors, which is being widely used in theaters and large buildings, is often operated in an analog manner. In case of fire, it often causes the system to lose a wired line or wireless fire detection sensor, resulting in the difficulty of transmitting signals from a wired or wireless fire detection sensor to the main fire monitoring device. Accordingly, this paper has proposed the broadcasting system for disaster management, having an efficient evacuation guidance plan when a disaster occurs. The system reacts to an emergency situation along with fire alarm sirens in real time. We have implemented the above system by means of a simulation program that prints the evacuation guidance information (e.g., location and time of fire, and evacuation path) on an LCD located in a building through the fire sensor network in case of an emergency (e.g., actual fire). We have developed the simulation system by using mathematical algorithms, such as the optimal path search and the fire smoke diffusion algorithm. This simulation program considers the structure of a building and the location where the fire has initially occurred, applying it to the simulator.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2004

The present study investigates the fire suppression characteristics using a water mist fire suppression system. Numerical simulations of fire suppression with water mist are performed with considering the interaction of fire plume and water spray. The predicted temperature fields of smoke layer are compared with those of measured data. Numerical results agree with the experimental results within $10^{\circ}C$ in the case without water mist. In the case of fire suppression with water mist, numerical results do not predict well for temperature field in the gradual cooling region after water mist injection. But the predicted results of initial fire suppression are in good agreement with those of measured data. The reason for the discrepancy between predicted and measured data is due to the poor combustion modeling during the injection of water mist. More elaborate models for numerical simulation are required for better predictions of the fire suppression characteristics using water mist.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

In this study, fire and evacuation safety of environmental energy facilities using fire and evacuation simulation was examined as part of performance-oriented design. The worst-case fire scenarios in which fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler fire extinguishing and smoke control systems are not working, and the FDS analyzes the visibility, temperature distribution, and carbon monoxide concentration distribution through FDS. The safety was examined. As a result, it was proved that evacuation could limit the visibility, temperature, and carbon monoxide concentration in a smooth range, based on the safety standards set by relevant laws. In other words, it was possible to verify the safety of fire and evacuation for environmental energy facilities where a large amount of combustibles and fires coexist.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2016

Propane fires of 1000 to 3000 kW in the ISO 9705 fire room were simulated using FDS to study the problem of decreasing temperature with increasing fire size. A criterion is proposed for under-ventilated fires. The computed temperature at 2000 kW and above was lower than that at 1500 kW. The heat release rate was limited by a lack of oxygen in the simulation. It was found that the heat release rate can therefore be a criterion for under-ventilated fires in simulations. Fires of 1700 kW and above in the ISO 9705 fire room are predicted to be under-ventilated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.410-423
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• 2019

Fire suppression using a water mist nozzle directly above an n-Heptane pool in a fire compartment with a door opening was numerically investigated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for the purpose of application in nuclear power plants. Input parameters for the numerical simulation were determined by experimental measurements. Water mist was activated 10 s after the fire began. The sensitivity analysis was conducted for three input parameters: total number of cubic cells of 6032-2,926,400, droplets per second of 1000-500,000, and extinguishing coefficient of 0-100. In a new simple calibration method of this study, the extinguishing coefficient yielding the fire suppression time closest to that measured by experiments was found for use as the FDS simulation input value. When the water mist jet flow made contact with the developed fire, the heat release rate instantaneously increased, and then rapidly decreased. This phenomenon occurred with a displacement of the flame near the liquid fuel pool. Changing the configuration of the door opening with different aspect ratios and opening ratios had impact on the maximum value of the heat release rate due to the flame displacement.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.67-72
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• 2023

Human and material damage can be reduced if the risk is evaluated by engineering analysis of fire combustion products, smoke concentration, and smoke movement speed in the event of a fire in apartment houses and officetels. In this study, a lot of research on related safety evaluation in the basement needs to be studied and reflected in design, so experimental research was conducted to analyze the flow of smoke through computer simulation and provide analysis data through evacuation safety evaluation. First of all, the five-story underground parking lot subject to simulation has a large floor area, which is advantageous for improving evacuation safety performance, but it uses temperature detectors to increase detection time and fire spread speed. Second, it was analyzed that the evacuation time at all evacuation ports did not exceed the evacuation time, and as the time from the start of evacuation to the evacuation time was 216.9% compared to the travel time, it was evaluated that the safety performance of the evacuation was secured. Third, the above simulation results are a comprehensive safety evaluation based on the non-operation of fire extinguishing facilities in the fire room to increase safety, which means that smoother evacuation safety performance can be secured by linking fire extinguishing facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

A gun is still one of the major weapons of a combat ship. To assess the ship's fire control capability which is influenced by tracking system, fire control algorithm, gun, the ship itself, target behavior, environment and engagement situation, simulation system for gun-oriented engagement for surface ship is needed. This paper proposes the process for designing and implementing a gun-oriented engagement simulation system using DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation Specification), which is a formalism based on the set theory. It consists of the following activities : 1) analyzing the characteristics of a gun-oriented engagement, 2) constructing the deterministic model of the combat ship of study with DEVS, 3) modeling properties of each entity showing as stochastic errors. With this process, the gun-oriented engagement simulation system is developed and applied for the combat system under development.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

In modern society, buildings are becoming more complex, and the population is becoming more densely populated. Such large buildings require a variety of evacuation measures, as there is a high possibility of large-scale human casualties due to increased evacuation distance and evacuation time in the event of a fire. Strobe light and exit sign light are used as important evacuation equipment to provide early warning and evacuation directions. In this thesis, we conducted a fire simulation assuming that a fire occurrence point notification function and a strobe light function were added to equipment such as visual alarms and evacuation guidance, and compared and analyzed the difference in evacuation completion time with existing equipment. The scenarios for the simulation were divided into "general fire situations" and "fire location and evacuation exit guidance situation" and the differences in evacuation completion time in the event of a fire were compared and analyzed for each floor from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor. The maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a fire on the first floor decreased by 80.6 m and the evacuation completion time decreased by 329.4 seconds, and the maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a second-floor fire decreased by 28.5 m and the evacuation completion time by 438.8 seconds. During the fire on the third floor, the maximum distance decreased until evacuation was completed to 3.4 m, and the evacuation completion time was reduced by 355.6 seconds. It is expected that if the congestion level of evacuation routes is reduced by utilizing the congestion level of evacuation exits when fire alarm systems and evacuation equipment are activated, the evacuation completion time will be further shortened and evacuations will be carried out quickly and safely.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2018

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

It has been recognized that the escape facility planning is very important for effective evacuation of accupants on fire event. The ultimate goal of the escape facility planning is to evacuate occupants rapidly from building fires to the safe areas. In fire event, occupants usually gather, utilize and finally act upon information about state transient of building fire system, which is consisted of components of fire, building and accupant during the ralatively short period of the fire event. That is, occupants' egress behavior is largely dependent upon building fire system. Therefore, comprehensive study for the relationship between building fire system and occupants' egress behavior is needed. This study aims to suggest the pre -occupancy evaluation method of the life safety performance for the architectural design based on prediction of occupants' egress behavior during building fires with computer simulation.