• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.118-129
• /
• 2011

In this study, species resistant to forest fire were extracted from high trees through an investigation of combustion mechanism. Here, the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches and barks of oak were respectively, $365^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$ and $435^{\circ}C$, and the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches, barks and cones of pine tree were respectively, $320^{\circ}C$, $405^{\circ}C$, $435^{\circ}C$ and $363^{\circ}C$. It shows that generally, pine tree has a lower flameless ignition temperature than oak and thus, has a relatively high risk of flameless ignition. When comparing risk of fire depending on ignition characteristics, Quercus serrata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. When analysing risk of fire depending on a duration of flame, also, Quercus dentata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus variabilis Blume had a low risk of crown fire too. Lastly, when comparing risk of fire, according to heat release rates, Quercus acutissima had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. In conclusion, it was observed that as fire-resistant species, Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata have a low risk of ignition, Quercus variabilis Blume has a short duration of flame after discharging ignition when a forest fire occurs, and Quercus acutissima, Pinus Rigida and Antipathes japonica Brook have low heat release rates.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2004

우리나라의 경우 1990년대에 들어와서 산불 발생건수 및 피해지역이 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 산불피해지 복원기술은 주로 사방복구와 조림 등 녹화기술에 집중되어 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 동해안 산불피해지를 중심으로 GIS 분석 기법을 적용하여 산불피해지의 공간 특성과 입지환경을 고려하여 내화수림대를 조성기법을 개발하고 virtual GIS의 활용을 통하여 공간정보자료가 산불피해지역 복원에 있어서의 경관생태학적 접근연구에 어떻게 활용될 수 있는 것인가에 대한 적용기법을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 대형산불방지를 위해 GIS 분석기법을 적용하여 내화수림대를 조성하고, 조성된 내화수림대 및 연구대상지에 3D modeling 기법을 통하여 구축된 3D 수종을 적정하게 임분배치하였다. 아울러 지위지수분류곡선을 이용하여 연구대상지에 경년에 따른 산림경관을 조성하였으며, virtual GIS를 활용하여 현실세계와 가장 유사한 3차원지형을 구축하고 tracking simulation을 수행하였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2014

산불 확산 패턴 분석은 산림 생태계 안정화를 이해하는데 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 규모의 문제로 인해 실제적인 실험이 불가능하여 많은 학자들이 시뮬레이션 모델을 이용하여 산불 확산의 행동기작을 이해하고 산림 피해를 예측하였다. 그러나 많은 모델들이 연료의 종류, 바람, 습도 같은 여러 환경 요소들의 복잡한 관계를 표현하는데 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지형의 구조와 두 종의 나무들로 구성된 산림에서 미치는 영향을 분석하는 간단한 모델을 제안하였다. 두 종의 나무는 가연성이 높은 나무와 가연성이 낮은 나무가 있으며, 서로 다른 산불 전이 확률을 가지고 있다. 전체 나무는 시뮬레이션 공간에 0.5에서 1.0까지의 비율로 무작위로 배치된다. 가연성이 높은 나무는 가연성이 낮은 나무 보다 높은 산불 전이 확률을 가진다. 전소한 나무의 수를 기준으로 지형의 구조와 전체 나무의 밀도가 산불 확산에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지 민감도를 분석하였다. 우리는, 본 논문에서 제시한 모델이 앞으로 산불 확산 패턴을 연구하는데 유용할 것으로 기대한다.

• 기술사
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2005

As a method of anti-fire construction in forest region it is proposed to build fuelbreak(vegetated firebreak). Fuelbreak can separate the large area conifer forest into smell parts combined with natural firebreaks. Fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively and also have other functions benefiting the forest ecosystem and environment. 3 kinds of construction skills are introduced for the silviculture technique to build fuelbreaks. And it is proposed to build the firebreaks network in national scale.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2013

To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2013

산불은 대표적인 산림생태계의 재해 중 하나로 최근, 우리나라에서도 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 일반적으로 광범위한 지역에 빠른 속도로 확산되는 특징을 가지고 있다. 바람 및 나무의 종류, 다양한 지형 요소들이 산불 발생 시 급진적 확산에 영향을 주는 요소들이다. 산불의 빠른 확산은 생태계 교란 및 재산 피해, 인명 피해 등을 야기 시킨다. 이러한 이유로, 최근 산불에 관련된 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 바람 요인이 고려된 산불 패턴 가상 시뮬레이션 단순 모델을 제안하였고, 셀룰라오토마타(Cellular Automata)의 격자 기반으로 구성 되었다. 모델의 시뮬레이션을 통하여, 바람의 세기 변화, 주어진 공간에 분포해 있는 나무 전체의 밀도, 그리고, 나무들 가운데 가연성이 높은 나무의 밀도가 산불확산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 민감도 분석 결과, 전체 나무 밀도가 세 가지 요소 중 산불확산에 가장 민감하게 기여하였으며, 그 다음으로는 바람의 영향, 마지막으로 가연성이 높은 나무의 밀도 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안한 산불확산 시뮬레이션 모델 및 분석 결과는 실제 산불 확산 및 억제 전략 수립에 활용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 여겨지며, 아울러 좀 더 현실적인 생태학적 요소들을 모델에 고려함으로써 산불확산 예측 연구에도 이용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2004

In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.417-430
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and the dynamics of soil properties in the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Ch’oly-san. Owing to the forest fire occurred on April, 1989, the red pine(Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 53 and 49 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were lespedeza cyrtobotrya (89.62), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (62.50), and Carex humilis (58.73), Quercus serrata (43.33). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (83.56), Lespedeza cyrtobotrya (55.57), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (51.88) and Carex humilis (50.41) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both the burned and unburned areas. The indices of similarity ($CC_S$) between the two areas were 0.74. Degree of succession (DS) was 604 in the burned area and 802 in the unburned area. From these facts, it is assumed that the succession is rapidly progressing because of the recovery of vegetation. The species diversity ($\={H}$) and evenness index(C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.15 and 0.18, respectively. Red pine tree did not resprout after scorch by the forest fire, but Lespedeza, Quercus, Rhododendron, Albizzia, and Zanthoxylum resprouted from the roots and trunks after the forest fire. It seems that these species are the fire-resistant species. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, available phosphous, total nitrogen, tatal carbon, exchangeable potssium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium increased due to forest fire. These results suggest the intensity of forest fire in the study area was relatively weak. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권5_1호
• /
• pp.465-473
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and changes of soil properties in the burned areas lapsed 28 years after the forest fire in Mt.Palgong. The forest fire occurred on March, 1969 and the red pine (pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The results are summarized as follows: the floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 49 and 48 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were Lespedeza maximowicxii(87.75), Carex humilis (62.94), Rhododendron schippenbachii(55.78) and Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens (51.94). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (81.17), Quercus serrata (53.58)m Carex humilis (53.11) and Miscanthus sinenis var. purpuracens (52.42) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both areas. The indices of similarity (CCs) between the two areas were 0.80. Degree of succession (DS) was 734 in the burned area and 809 in the unburned area. The species diversity (H) and evenness indices (e) in the burned and unburned areas were 2.05, 2.13 and 0.53, 0.55, respectively. Dominance index (C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in burned area were comparatively higher than those of unburned area. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases. These results suggest that there was relationship between trend of vegetation recovery and the changes of soil properties after the forest fire. Mixed forestation of fire-resistant species and nitrogen fixation species will be effective for reforestation after the forest fire.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.298-302
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 강원도 영동지역 주요 7가지 수종의 낙엽과 생엽을 대상으로 착화특성을 고찰하고자 강우 전과 후의 연료를 채취하여 연료의 함수율과 가연성과의 관계, KRS-RG-9000을 사용하여 착화특성을 고찰하였다. 시험결과 침엽수 낙엽은 강우 후 대기노출로부터 상온에서 144시간 경과 시 함수율이 10% 이하로 건조되어 가연성 물질이 발생할 수 있을 정도로 건조됨을 알 수 있었으며 활엽수는 자연발화온도가 높게 나타남에 따라 저온에서 착화지연시간이 길게 나타나 침엽수보다 내화력이 강함을 알 수 있었다.