• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

4-panel of 1m height and 45cm width were fixed on the $40cm{\times}40cm$ bottom plate and the opening of the panel comer was 5cm. Diameter of stainless vessel is loom and its height is 2cm and it located at the center of the bottom plate. 78mL liquid fuel was filled in the vessel and its depth was 1cm. Flame temperature was measured with K type thermocouple, and radiation heat of flame was measured with heat flux meter. Flame height and its behavior was visualized with video camera. and mass burning rate was measured by fuel combustion time. According to the development of fire, flame swirling was begin. From the experiment the mass burning rate was larger and the height of flame was higher than the usual pool fire flame. Flame temperature and heat flux also increased far more than the pool fire. Consequently the swirling air flow through the openings between the panel and thermal buoyance contribute to increase of heat release rate, flame length and mass burning rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.77-84
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• 1997

Cone calorimeter measurements can be used for the calculation of effective material properties, which can be used as input parameters in modeling of fire. Main parameter measured in Cone calorimeter is heat release rate. Some other parameters as time to ignition, effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate or total heat released is also measured in Cone calorimeter. Total heat released is important from the point of view of total energy available in material in Fire situation. Cone calorimeter. measurements were done on several wood species (oak, beech, spruce, poplar). Measurements were provided at external irradiances 30, 50 and 65 ㎾/$m_2$ in horizontal orientation. Heat release rate data were evaluated and compared as a function of external irradiance for various species of wood. furthermore the influence of external irradiance on effective heat of combustion and total heat release was also evaluated for the period of flame combustion.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

This study was examined fire risk properties of wood specimen for the constructional interiors, especially focusing on the fire performance index (FPI) and the fire growth index (FGI) as heat hazard characteristics. Flame retardants were synthesized using boric acid, boronic acid and tetraethoxyorthosilicate. Heat release characteristics were measured by using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) and cypress was used. The external heat flux as fire intensity was maintained at 50 kW/㎡. The measured fire performance index (FPI) after burning was increased by 1.6 times for boric acid/silicone (BA/Si) sol, each 1.1 times for isobutylboronic acid/silicone (IBBA/Si) sol and phenylboronic acid/silicone (PBA/Si) sol compared with cypress. Fire risk by the fire performance index was increased BA/Si, IBBA/Si ≈ PBA/Si order. The fire growth index was decreased 94% for the BA/Si and 8% for the IBBA/Si sol, and was increased by 17% for the PBA/Si sol. Fire risk by the fire growth index was increased BA/Si, IBBA/Si, PBA/Si order. Overall fire risk was higher in the order of BA/Si < IBBA/Si < PBA/Si.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.72-75
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• 1996

The objectives of this paper investigate the effect of installed spacing on the activation of spot type heat detection devices. The flow of hot gases under a ceiling resulting from the impingement of a fire plume activates heat detectors and sprinklers. Local temperature and velocity in this ceiling jet are usually expressed with the function of a ceiling height, the distance from a fire location and the heat release rate of fire. And detectors having different. RTI respond in different ways to the same temperature and velocity of ceiling jet. Thus great care should be taken to decide installed spacing of heat detection devices by considering above effects.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

The characteristics of heat transfer on the fire clay with microwave heating are numerically investigated using finite element method. The modelled regular hexahedron chamber($50cm{\times}50cm{\times}50cm$) filled with air consists of vertical heat source and sink walls, a fire clay model, and adiabatic plates at the top and bottom walls. With different geometrical aspect ratios of the fire clay model, the heat energy distribution is throughly investigated. The optimal shape of the fire clay for given chamber geometry and microwave power is analyzed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1991

It has been known that the nosebleeding is a king hemorrhage occured to be damaged yang-rak (陽略) & lung. the results obtained were as follows; 1. The cause of nosebleeding were divided internal external, these were lung-heat(肺實熱), wind-heat(風熱), dry-heat(煥熱), wind-cold(風寒), summer-heat(暑熱), and those were transporting of Liver-fire(肝火犯肺), Liver-kidney-fire(肝腎陰虛熱傷肺), Stomach-fire(胃火熾盛), Heart-fire(心火千肺). 2. The treatment of external ; Chungpaesulyul(淸肺泄熱), Yanghyuljihyul(凉血止血), Sanpungchungyul(散風淸熱), Jaeumchungjo(滋陰淸煥). 3. The treatment of internal ; Chungkansahwa(淸肝瀉火), Yanghuljihyul(凉血止血), Jayumganghwa(滋陰降火), Chunguysahwa(淸胃瀉火). The cause of nosebleeding was almost heat (fire), and the treatment were Sanpyo(散表) & Chungri(淸裏).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1993

Fixed temperature heat detectors that respond to the heat generated in fire plume and alarm when the temperature reaches a specified point, give a great influences to the loss of life and property according to their reaction sensitivity. In this study, hot wind tunnel tests and compartment fire experiments were performed to investigate the response time and temperature of fixed temperature heat detector. As a result, simple equations were derived which can be predicted the response time and temperature of the fixed temperature heat detector for the ramp type fire. Also other useful data, such as the effective temperature, time constant, response time index(RTI) were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2012

This study focuses on the establishment of bed mattress fire test in real scale where it explains the burner heat supply, test procedure and test report in detail. Especially burner system is dealt in importance for bed mattress test in real scale due to simulating in bedding component by burner heat out-put.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

The applicability of plate thermometer (PT), which feature simple installation and low cost, was experimentally examined in steady and unsteady-state fire conditions. An infrared radiation heater and a square burner with C3H8 as fuel were used as heat sources. The relative measurement accuracy of the PT was evaluated by comparing measurements made using a Gardon-type heat flux meter. From a practical point of view and in terms of measurement accuracy, the optimal size and thickness of the PT in steady and unsteady-state fire conditions were 100 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. These results can be explained by the conductive heat losses and thermal inertia of the PT for different sizes and thicknesses. It can be also concluded that measurements of heat flux using the PT in conditions of faster fire growth rate than slow require considerable attention.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.34-39
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• 2018

In this study, the experiment conditions for the variation of heat release rate in compartment space were constructed to analyze the effects of fire spread and the operation time of sprinkler in accordance with the heat loss of the sprinkler's heat element. The compartment composed of fire board (width = 0.3 m, height = 0.5 m, length = 3.0 m), are manufactured to measure the temperature distributions in the inner space, the mass loss rate and heat release rate during the experiment of N-heptane pool fire test. Also, the operation time of sprinkler is analyzed with the installation of sprinkler and C-factor using Fire Dynamics Simulator Ver.6 under the experiment conditions. The results show that the operation time of sprinkler, which has RTI $100(m{\cdot}s)^{0.5}$ operating temperature $70^{\circ}C$, is 30 s~60 s for C-factor = 0 and 1, 62 s~92 s for C-factor = 3, and 120 s over for C-factor = 5, respectively.