• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.527-540
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• 2018

In this study, the characteristics of the white charcoal from charcoal kilns made for both charcoal production and thermotherapy and from the traditional charcoal kiln were compared and examined. A charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose was made to minimize environmental problems such as fine dust and harmful gas generated from sealed charcoal kiln in consideration of comfort and safety. White Charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy had higher ash and volatile matter and lower fixed carbon than that from the traditional charcoal kiln. The density of the white charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy was slightly higher than that of the traditional one, but the equilibrium moisture content and pH were not significantly different. The calorific value, refinement degree, hardness and anatomical structure were not different between the two. It was concluded that the white charcoal produced from the advanced charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose meets the quality certification standards of Korea Forest Research Institute.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2003

The charcoal is known to have gas adsorption capability and is used frequently to mitigate the unpleasant smells from food and clothing. It is also used to treat water to remove dissolved organic and inorganic substances. In this paper, we applied the several different kinds of charcoals to the papers in three different ways to investigate if charcoal application method affects its gas adsorption capability. Wet end addition, making multiply, and coating method were tested. Specific ethylene gas adsorption capabilities were measured. Experimental results shows that manufacturing conditions of the charcoal itself changed its gas adsorption properties. The boxes used for agricultural produces, and the packaging paper for flowers are to be well fitted application for the charcoal added paper. Mulch paper, which needs opacity and air permeability with proper strength properties, is another candidate for the application of charcoal added paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

The charcoal is known to have gas adsorption capability and electrical properties. Some practical applications of carbon materials for the purpose of limited electrical conduction were made in these days. In this paper, we applied the several different kinds of charcoal to the papers in three different ways to investigate if charcoal application method affects its electrical conduction capability. Wet end addition, making multiply, and coating method were tested. The area electrical resistivity of charcoal containing paper was measured. The strength properties of charcoal containing paper were compared to those of the control, which had no charcoal in it. Experimental results showed that manufacturing conditions of the charcoal itself changed its electrical and strength properties of charcoal containing paper. The electrical properties of charcoal containing paper can be used for the removal of electrostatic problem in packaging system. The strength property of the charcoal containing paper should be kept, at least, over the minimum requirement for the packaging system. By using coating method on paper or making multiply, strength loss of paper by inclusion of charcoal could be overcome.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2010

This research was carried out to examine the properties of black charcoal board, in order to find the proper manufacturing condition for the black charcoal-board made of the charcoal. The charcoal in this study was distillated from domestic wood waste, and it were also the purpose of this study to see if the black charcoal-board has the advantageous properties of charcoal as a well-being building material against the sick house problem. Domestic wood waste was consisted of MDF 40%, PB 30%, plywood 15% and wood 15%, respectively. Black charcoal board was produced by hot pressing with following conditions; temperature $170^{\circ}C$, three stage pressing cycle of $40-10-40\;kgf/cm^2$(1min.-2.5min.-5min.) and non formaldehyde adhesives [P15%+M5%:MDI(M), poly vinyl acetate emulsion(P). Fine mixed particle size [#6-12(16.9%), #12-18(16.7%), #12-40(47.2%), #40-60(9.5%), #60-100(5.9%), less than #100(3.8%)] gave better results than larger particle size [over #6(33.8%), #12-18(17.7%), #12-40(37.7%), #40-60(6.4%), #60-100(2.6%), less than #100(1.8%)]. Final moisture content of the mat was best at 36%. Black charcoal-board showed less MOR and IB(internal bond), more WA(water absorption) than that of white charcoal-board. Black charcoal board showed not only the same gas adsorption and dimensional stability as white charcoal board but also good cutting, nailing and drilling for indoor environment systems.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2013

In this study, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from green tea, three kinds of charcoals and wood fiber for developing interior materials to reinforce the strength performances and the functionalities in addition to performances of the green tea-wood fiber hybrid boards. The effects for the kind and the component ratio of raw materials on mechanical properties were investigated. Bending strength performances of hybrid composite boards were highest in the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea, fine charcoal and wood fiber on average. However, the difference caused by the kind of charcoals was not large. These values were was markedly improved than those of green tea - wood fiber hybrid composite boards reported in previous researches. And it was found that the bending strength performance decreased with increasing component ratios of green tea and charcoals. The difference between urea resins used as the binder showed the higher value in hybrid composite boards using $E_1$ grade urea resin than in those using $E_0$ grade urea resin, but the difference between hybrid composite boards manufactured by both resins decreased markedly than the green tea - wood fiber hybrid composite boards reported in previous research. The internal bond strength of hybrid composite boards was in the order of hybrid composite boards with fine charcoal, activated charcoal and black charcoal, and it was found that the hybrid composite boards with fine charcoal had a similar values to control boards composed of only wood fiber.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 1996

Attenuation characteristics of AF/MA motions which involve high frequencies were investigated through pencil-lead fracture tests on a fine-grained granite specimen. For the study, calibrated six transducers were employed to detect the signals and the pencil-lead was fractured as a step unloading force to generate AE/MA signals. The arnplitude AE/MA waves is affected by the relative orientation of source and transducer as well as the source distance. The attenuation constant for Charcoal granite is obtained as 1.058 which could be applied for a given ray-path regardless of the relative orientation of source and transducer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to identify and characterize fibrinolytic compound from Cornus officinalis. Cornus officinalis. Hot water extract was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions. Assays for fibrinolytic activity indicated that only the ethyl acetate fraction had significant efficacy at 1.36 plasmin units/mL. Isolation of fibrinolytic compound was carried out on Amberlite IRA-400, Sephadex LH-20 and active charcoal column chromatography. HPLC analysis of the purified fibrinolytic compound showed retention time (RT) same as authentic malic acid. LC / MS / MS in negative mode showed the same peak at m/z 133, confirming that the purified compound was malic acid with a molecular weight 134 Da. The compound showed fibrinolytic activity of 0.69 plasmin units/mL, 14.62% of thrombin inhibitory activity, 6.42% of antioxidative activity, and 17.28% of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The purified compound hydrolyzed γ subunits of human fibrinogen. In conclusion, malic acid isolated from Cornus officinalis might have potential to be developed as ingredient for biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.445-450
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• 2005

A 1.35 kg, three-year-old, female, Yorkshire terrier was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of Chungnam National University with an alopecia, scale, polydipsia and polyuria. During hospitalization, the patient revealed swelling and pain of all four foot pads. The hematology indicated nonregenerative anemia. Blood serum chemistry revealed elevation of BUN, serum creatinine and phosphorus contents. Radiographs of feet revealed increased radiodensity in the soft tissue of the foot pad. In ultrasonographs of abdomen, kidneys showed diffusely echodense renal cortex with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary. Fine needle aspiration of the swollen pad cysts contained a amorphous basophillic chalky, white and pasty material. The culture result was negative for bacteria. In conclusion, it was diagnosed as metastatic calcinosis circumscripta secondary to chronic renal failure. An oral charcoal absorbent and aluminum hydroxide were used to treat this condition. After six weeks treatment, hyperphosphatemia was corrected and metastatic calcinosis circumscriptawas not presented any more.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

In this study, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from green tea, 3 kinds of charcoals and wood fiber for developing interior materials to reinforce the strength performances and the functionalities in addition to performances of the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea and wood fiber. The effects for the kind and the component ratio of raw materials on dynamic MOE (modulus of elasticity) were investigated, and static bending strength performances were nondestructively estimated. Dynamic MOEs were highest in the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea, fine charcoal and wood fiber on the whole. However, the difference caused by the kind of charcoals was small. These values decreased with increasing component ratios of green tea and charcoals. The hybrid composite boards using $E_1$ grade urea resin had the higher values than those using $E_0$ grade urea resin, however the difference between them markedly decreased than that of hybrid composite board composed of green tea and wood fiber, and it was found that these values were markedly improved than those of the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea and wood fiber. There were mostly high correlations with significance at 1% level between dynamic MOEs and static bending strength performances, and this means that the static bending strength performances can be estimated from dynamic MOE.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1963

1. Objects The experiments of catalytic aharcoaling were carried out for the fallowing purposes. (1) To determine the economically desirable amount of catalytic materials to be used when a catalytic charcoaling is practiced. (2) To observe the rate of carbonization of non-treated charcoal wood when the catalytic charcoaling is proceeded in the same charcoal pit. 2. Meterials (1) Small sample chips made of oak (Q. accutissima Carr.), measured by 0.5cm in width and thickness, respectively, and 1cm in length, were used as charcoal wood in each experiment. (2) Ammonium chloride was used as a catalytic material and electric kiln as a charcoaling apparatus. 3. Experiment (1) The sample chips were put into a electric oven for three hours at the temperature $60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ in order to reduce some water contents. (2) Oven dried sample chips were then soaked for an hour in solution of ammonium chloride. Three kinds of solution were prepared, that is, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, solution in which the amount of ammonium chloride used was weighed at the rate of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips, resppectivelly. (3) Soaked sample chips were put in the air for 12 hours to reduce some water contents, and then were put into electric oven for 2 hours at the temperature $105^{\circ}{\sim}110^{\circ}C$. (4) Dried sample chips were kept in a desiccator with control sample chips which were treated excarly the same process as the treated sample chips except only not using the ammonium chloride in the process of soking. (5) Sample chips kept in the desiccator were used at random in each charcoaling experiment. (6) Charcoaling in the electric kiln were carried out by using small crucibles with complete cover to reduce the amount of ash. At each charcoaling experiment four crucibles filled with sample ships, weighed about 20gr, were put into electric kiln. The charcoaling was continued for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. (7) In order to investigate the influence given by the gases produced during the catalytic charcoaling to the rate of carbonization of non-treated sample chips, the following experiment was done. (a) A crueible was divided into two parts by inserting a fine iron net at the middle of the crucible, and then non-treated sample chips, weighed about 10gr, were put in the upper part of the crucible and treated sample chips, weighed also about 10gr, were put in the under part. (b) The crucibles filled with two kinds of sample chips were put into a electric kiln for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. 4. Results. Results for two replications (with four crucibles in one replication) for each experiment designed are as follows : (1) The rats of carbonization of the non treated sample chips, and that of the treated sample chips with ammonium chloride at the rate of 1.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips used were averaged at 19.85%, 22.63%, 24.14%, and 26.60%, respectively. (2) The rats of carbonization of the non-treated sample chips were averaged at (a) 20.04% (0.5% treatment), (b) 20.28% (1.0% treatment), and (c) 20.61% (2.0% treatment) when the treated sample chips were carbonized in the same crucible.