• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2021

Although accounting is one of the core fields of corporate management, few studies have reported accounting phenomena involving shipping companies. In addition, although financial reporting is very important to shipping companies that use several financial tools such as ship finance and financial lease, it is difficult to identify studies investigating shipping companies' financial reporting, especially their earnings management. The purpose of this study is to analyze accrual earnings management behavior of shipping companies. Companies with high debt ratios and net losses are known to have incentives for earnings management. Due to the nature of the industry, shipping companies have a high debt ratio and often report net losses. Accordingly, shipping companies are expected to engage in substantial earnings management. Based on the analysis of KOSP I companies listed on the Korea Exchange from 2001 to 2020, it was found that shipping companies are engaged in higher levels of earnings management than non-shipping companies. Discretionary accrual was used as a proxy variable for earnings management. Discretionary accrual was measured using the modified Jones model of Dechow et al. (1995) and the performance matched model of Kothari et al.(2005). In this study, significant results were derived by comparatively analyzing the earnings management practices, which is one of the major accounting behaviors of shipping and non-shipping companies. Stakeholders such as external auditors, investors, financial institutions, analysts, and government authorities need to be aware of the earnings management behavior of listed shipping companies during their external audit, financial analysis, and supervision. Finally, listed shipping companies must conduct stricter accounting based on accounting principles.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.364-372
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• 2014

In order to improve organization performance by CEO's leadership, the control systems have to be designed in accordance with CEO's strategic orientation. A management control systems (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. Present study explored the effects of CEO's Characteristics and control on organization performance. So this study adopted 'Risk-taking tendency', 'Achievement motivation' during psychological characteristics of CEO. For the control variable of this study, 'behavior control' and 'result control' were adopted. And for the variable of performance, financial performance was selected. As result of the study, Behavior control affects financial performance highly than result control. Through additional studies conducted during the same period, there is a significant indirect effect of achievement motivation and behavior control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 2006

The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has received increasing attention in the analysis and prediction of financial time series. Stationarity of the observed financial time series is the basic underlying assumption in the practical application of ANN on financial time series. In this paper, we will investigate whether it is feasible to relax the stationarity condition to non-stationary time series. Our result discusses the range of complexities caused by non-stationary behavior and finds that overfitting by ANN could be useful in the analysis of such non-stationary complex financial time series.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to examine assets investment behavior of urban households and find the factors affecting it. The data were obtained from 442 households living in Seoul. The statistical techniques used for this study included descriptive statistecs, logistic regression, multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: First, The ownership of houehold assets were affected by age, education, total income, total income, total asset, the number of income source, income stability, the financial expectations, past financial experiences and the job of houehold head. Second, amount of household assets was affected by husband’s age, education, unearned income, total asset, income stability, the expectiation of future, the past financial experiences and the job of household head. Third, ratios of household assets were affected by age, education, unearned income, family size, the number of income source and the job of household head. The findings of this study can be used by financial counseling and planning practioners and education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

With the advent of the internet age and the outbreak of COVID-19, many companies have embraced online trade. However, due to the way the cyber economy works, the number of companies engaged in financial fraud by falsifying their transaction amounts and customer numbers has been gradually increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze financial fraud of companies in the Internet era and to present solutions. Therefore, this study analyzed the financial fraud behavior of Luckin Coffee in China as an example and studied the causes and countermeasures of financial fraud. As a result, it was found that the cause of financial fraud lies in the opacity of cash flows from online transactions. The recommendations proposed by this study is to improve internal control systems in companies, develop risk management system, and establish comprehensive external supervision system

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.53-68
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• 2016

Financial preparation for retirement means making financial plans by predicting expected incomes and expenditures needed for maintaining success in later life. Because this preparation needs long-term planning, preparing as early as possible is recommended. This study, therefore, uses theory of planned behavior for examining the intention of financial preparation for retirement of consumers in their 20s and 30s. By using financial education and its understanding as additional variables, this study also intends to examine the ultimate effects on the intention. The following is a summary of the main results and suggestions. First, the level of consumer financial education is lower than the average. The level of understanding finance is lower than the average, and particularly, the level of understanding retirement related finance is much lower. Second, the more the attitude of financial preparation for retirement is positive, and the higher the level of subjective norm or perceived behavioral control is, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement tends to be more higher. Therefore, relevant efforts to encourage this preparation are needed. Third, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement is higher than the average, whereas financial education has no effects on the intention. This means that despite the importance of the financial education, its current implementation has many problems. The suggestions of this study are as follows. First of all, this study can provide preliminary data for developing retirement planning programs. In addition, in terms of the policy, given that this study targets relatively young consumers in their 20s and 30s, it can provide preliminary data for making policies for their future retirements.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-91
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• 2009

This paper tests the validity of pecking order theory by Myers(1977) and Myers and Majluf(1984) on Korean manufacturing firms listed in the KRX for the years of 1994 to 2003. We also want to see if there is any difference in financing behavior between chaebol affiliated firms and non-chaebol affiliated firms. We develop testable hypotheses from the idea that established relationship between bank and firm mitigates the problem of information asymmetry (Kang and Lim, 2001), and thus makes it easier for firms to raise funds through banks. The test result of the first stage shows that firms prefer cash reserves to debt financing, and prefer debt to equity. Chaebol affiliated firms are found to behave as if they already exploit internal capital markets. The second stage of the test carried out by dividing debt capital into bank loans and corporate bonds also shows a consistent pattern of financing behavior. Firms are testified to prefer cash to bank loans, bank loans to corporate bonds, and corporate bonds to equity. In this case chaebol affiliation seems to make firms behave as if they already establish internal capital markets. Further analysis shows that some, though not in every case, difference of ordering around the occasion of Korean financial crisis exists. It may be from the change of attitude of Korean firms to risk, or from weakened influence of internal capital market along with strengthened market power in the post-crisis period.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1989

The present study investigated characteristics of Korean hourehelds in the expanding stage of the family life cycle depending on decision-making of current and planned credit card use. Households which were selected for this study had at least one dependent child enrolled in primary, middle, or high school, 1998. Regarding current and planned credit card use, credit card holder (n=379) and non-holder (n=259) households and continuous (n=331) and discontinous (n=47) credit card holder households were compared. Comparisons were perfomed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and X2-test. Related factors were households demographic characteristics, financial management behavior, perceived financial well-being, and attitudes toward credit cards. Findings indicated that holder households tended to be younger, better educated, white-collar workers, and of a higher economic status than non-holders. In comparison to non-holder households, credit card holder households had more favorable atti udes toward credit cards, reported more financial management practices, experienced less financial unbalance, and were more satisfied with their household finaces. Compared to discontinuous credit card holder households, continuous card holder households tended to be larger, have better educated wives and husbands, and have husbands who were white-collar workers. They were more likely to have higher average monthly income than discontinuous holder households. Continuous card holder households also had more favorable attitudes toward credit cards, and more strongly believed and expected financial improvement of their households, compared to discontinuous card holder households.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.245-261
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• 1992

The Purpose of this study is to find out ;Which is the recognition of housewives abut the credit cards as a financial tool\ulcorner by what kind of motive is the use made\ulcorner How important the using credit card in the financed to household\ulcorner For this purpose, a survey was conducted by interview using questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency , percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, x2 -test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression using SPSS/PC+ linear structural relationship using LISREL VI program. the conclusion deduced through result of data analysis and the discussion are as follows; First, in the respondent housekeeping, monthly average repayment of credit card is about 1/3 of the living expenses. Second, the knowledge of respondents about credit card was low generally Third, respondents use credit card by the motive of circulating money rather tan the motive of convenience. Fourth , generally respondents are not overdue the charge of credit card, but the smaller the cost of living is or the larger the motive of using credit card, the more overdue the charge of credit card. Fifth, as a result of linear structural relationship among the information credit card, motive of use and management behavior, the motive of using credit card effect on the management of credit card more directly than the knowledge of credit card. Sixth, as credit card is spread widely on the future, the information of credit card will be important variable on the personal credit and the management of credit card will be more important in the household financial management.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.15-28
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• 1994

The purposes of this study are to define the family life events as a input factor of system model and to understand structural characteristics of the family life events in the modern multilateral society have and orientation of the management system leads a satisfactory life. This study attempted through the relation of cause and effect among the components of management system by Deacon & Firebaugh systems theory. The findings of this study are as follows: 1) As for the influence of family life events on the orientation of home management behavior the influential family life event on overall the orientation of home management behavior was social problem of family members($\beta$= -128). 2)Family life events which have influence on the family life satisfaction were financial problem and trouble with husband members problems demand for housework and everyday affairs. 3) The subdivison of home management behavior which influenced on the overall family life satisfaction were communication and decision originality the use of resources and the flexibility of plan. 4) Results of path analysis revealed that relation of cause and effect out of family life events resources the patterns of home management behavior and family life satisfaction the family life events made the family life satisfaction higher because they had negative effect on the family life satisfaction directly but changed total effect into positive one by family management behavior.