• 복식
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• 제45권
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• pp.161-178
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• 1999

In contemporary fashion metal have used which is as the material with a sufficient potentiality of expression which is displayed by an unique characteristic involved only in metal. In this paper metal expressed in contemporary fashion is researched. The first thing the formative characteristic of metal is researched under the consideration of type technique and color of metal used in contemporary fashion. Metals such as gold silver bronze aluminum thin lead and iron are usually used in fashion and those metals are used in various types such a thread fabric board leaf a and cable. Those types of metal as above are applied to the clothing by the techniques of weaving embroidering metal leaf printing or moulding which gives the formative characteristic to the clothing. In color metal has an effect on the colors of surroundings by its smooth and unique luster and its effect of reflection and produces the visual formative characteristic through the effects of contrast. The esthetic will of metal expressed in modern fashion is researched in this study under the facts studied as above. first metal expresses the future oriented esthetic Second metal has the characteristic of attracting the attention Third metal is used as valid techniques to express the artistic formation for clothing escaping from the idea that the clothing is only for wearing. Finally metal is used as an anti-cultural tool of fighting against the existing order or spirit.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5313-5318
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• 2012

Psycho-educational interventions are not a substitute for analgesics, but they may serve as adjuvant therapy. Nurses can provide psychoeducational programmes to cancer patients to assist them in optimizing behavior that strengthen adjustment. The aim here was to determine the effects of psychoeducation on levels of adjustment to cancer in stage I-II breast cancer patients who met the study criteria (experimental group: 38 women, control group:38 women). The psychoeducational program consisted of eight 90 minute weekly sessions and data were collected using a questionnaire and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale three times: before, six weeks and six months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods as well as the Chi square test, the Mann Whitney U test, repeated measures analysis of variance, the matched pairs t test and the Post Hoc Bonferroni test. The results at 6 weeks and 6 months after the program revealed that the experimental group had higher levels of "fighting spirit", lower levels of "helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation and fatalism" but there was no significant change in levels of "avoidance/denial" compared to the control group with regard to adjustment to cancer. In this study, psychoeducation was shown to cause positive changes in levels of adjustment to cancer in breast cancer patients

• 정신신체의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1994

The author reviewed the effect of psychological factors on the development and course of cancer. Cancer is a bilogical disease, but it also has a large number of psychological aspects. There have been no reports that specific personality types had tendency to cause cancer. In some studies, however, type A personality was reported to have relevance to a higher incidence of cancer and a better prognosis. And in other studies, type C personality was reported to have relevance to a higher incidence of cancer. It was reported that people who had strong tendency to control their anger and regarded the rationality and antiemotionality in their behavior as important things were susceptable to cancer. In the course of cancer, the patients who had more positive and aggressive attitude and 'fighting spirit' to their disease tended to have a better prognosis than those who accepted their disease as fate. Some studies showed that feeling of helplessness and loss of control had a negative offset on cancer. It was reported that, in the early stage of cancer, the psychological factors had great influence on the prognosis, but in the middle and late stage, the influence decreased. For the future studies, cancer should not be regarded as a single disease and a single condition. The kinds and stages of cancer should be difined for studies. The scales for psychological evaluation for cancer patients should be sensitive and selected carefully, considering the complexity of the cancer patients mind. The need for prospective studies is emphasized. Finally, as the cured cancer patients have great difficulties in returning to their work and daily life, rehabilitation of cancer patients is also emphasized.

• 대한수사과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2008

The necessity for the investigation of death occurred in military services has no differences to the death of civilians. But the death of military service members under the Universal Conscription System in Korea has special considerations because of hard accessibility by the bereaved family and closed environment of the army. The analysis of the death occurred during military service was carried out and the advanced death investigation system to prevent the death was proposed to prevent the declination of fighting spirit and efficiency and also to restore the solid support by the people. The deaths in the period 1995~2006 were 330 persons in 1995, 359 persons in 1996 and were decreased to 135 persons in 2006. The death caused by safety accidents including vehicle accident, drowning, fall were 56% and by military crimes including suicide, arms, homicide were 44%. The numbers of suicides were 108 persons in 1995 and were decreased to 79 persons in 2006. The numbers of suicides were decreased constantly, but the ratio of suicide to death were increased, so the suicide prevention is more important. The autopsy ratio was increased to 51.5% in 2005 and was much higher compared to the ratio for civilians. The main reasons of complaints by the bereaved family were for regaining reputation, death in harness and reinvestigation of death. The proposals for the advanced death investigation system were as follows. The unnatural deaths including the obvious accidental deaths and homicides have to be defined by the rules. The human resources to perform the autopsy can be supported by the forensic pathologists from medical school. The special training and quality assurance programs are needed for the crime scene investigator. To regain the impaired reputation from the suicide and to support the bereaved family has to be discussed by the government.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1997

This paper documents a study of the physiology of the lung. The aim of this paper is to better comprehend the physiological function of lung. To this end, the relationship between the physiological function of the lung and the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'(金運氣化), and the functional changes of the lung and its surrounding physiological systems have been studied in their relationship to the concept of the organism as a whole. The results of this study are as follows; The function of the lung is comprehended as corresponding to the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. In visceral phenomenon, the lung has specific relations with the large intestine(大腸), nase(鼻), skin and hair(皮毛), sweat gland(汗孔), nasal mucus(涕), spirit(氣魄), grief and melancholy(憂 悲), the lung channel of hand-taiyin(手太陰肺經), the large intestine channel of hand-yangming(手陽明大腸經). This is called ‘the physiological systems of the lung’, and because these mutual relations reflect the functional changes of the lung, it is applied as the elementary knowledge to diagnose and treat the lung. For instance, a deficiency of the 'Qi‘ of the lung brings on an unconsolidated defending energy whose manifestations are sweating spontaneously as well as being susceptible to the common cold due to a diability in fighting against external pathogenic factors. Invasion of the lung by external pathogenic factors blocks the movement of the 'Qi' of the lung, which results in nasal obstraction. watery nasal discharge and a hyposmia. So the physiological functions and pathological changes of the lung can be determined by observing ’the physiological systems of the lung‘ based on the precepts of oriental medicine. As a result, the function of the lung is to be understood based on the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. Furthermore we can know that the physiological systems of the lung mirrors the functional changes of the lung.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권5호
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• pp.203-239
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• 2007

The current problems with the changing nature of the battlefield of the future point up the serious need for more and better research on the nature of effective military leadership. The purpose of this study was to examine effective leadership traits and behaviors of junior officers in combat situation. During times of peace, leader study battles and imagine themselves in all sorts of combat situations while at the same time, they must cope with numerous challenges and fill a variety of roles that they perceive are not battle related. This illustrates one of the fundamental paradoxes of the peacetime environment. Early studies, showing that combat leadership and noncombat leadership needed different talents, produced some clusters of traits which good combat leader were said to possess. Good combat leaders, for example, were described as possessing courage(e.g., bravery, fearlessness, daring, prowess, gallantry, guts, intrepidity, undaunted courage, fighting spirit, aggressive action), personal integrity(e.g., sincerity, flair, calmness, modesty), adaptability(e.g., flexibility, rapidity in action, speedy decision-making, clarity of thought) and so on. Behaviors found to be important in both combat and noncombat situations bore some relation to role requirements common to both situations. Behaviors important in one situation but not the other could be explained in terms of situational differences in role requirements for effective leadership. In order to achieve this purpose, a number of literature reviews were analysed. These results, though obtained in a somewhat rough and ready fashion, were useful not because they pointed to different leaders in war and in peace, but because they showed leaders the different things that were expected of them in different situations. It was also worth knowing how develop combat leadership. While these findings clearly suggest combat and noncombat differences, they do not necessarily confirm the complete study on effective leadership in combat situation. In conclusion, this study would be useful basis for further improvement on effective combat leadership and some further researches were recommended.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

군의 사기침체는 우수 인력의 손실, 전투 의지의 약화, 군의 신뢰감 손상, 업무 능률과 근무 의욕의 저하 등으로 이어져 국방 태세와 국가 안보 및 민족의 생존권 수호의 측면에서 중대한 위협이 아닐 수 없다. 이러한 상황 하에서 보다 건실한 국방 태세를 구축하고 침체된 군의 사기를 극대화하기 위해서는 군의 사기에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 철저한 진단과 그 결성으로 인해 근무지를 자주 이동하는 특성을 갖는다. 이런 특성에서 발생하는 문제 중에 주의를 요하는 것이 과에 부합하는 대책을 강구해야 한다. 직업군인은 군대라는 직업의 특수자녀 교육 문제이다. 군의 잦은 근무지 이동은 가족이 동반하여 자주 이사하거나 자녀 교육의 문제로 가족과 별거하는 등 전반적인 군인 자녀교육의 실태를 분석근거로 제도적 개선을 제언하고자 한다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

이 논문은 프랑스 포슈 장군의 군사사상을 분석·규명하여 현실전의 최선방책을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 1. 포슈의 생애: 보불전쟁 패전으로 프랑스 명예회복을 인생목표로 삼아 군문에 들어선 후 육군대학 교수로서 실전의 지휘관으로서 1차대전의 연합군총사령관으로서 필승의 정신전력을 강조하며 대전을 승리로 종결짓는데 공헌하였다. 2. 포슈 활동기의 시대적 배경: 나폴레옹 실각이후 야기된 일련의 혁명은 유럽에 파급되어 근대국민국가 탄생을 위한 독립 및 통일전쟁의 격화와 해외식민지쟁탈전 심화를 초래하여 포슈 활동기의 유럽은 전 분야가 총체적인 위기일발의 상황이었다. 3. 포슈의 군사사상: 클라우제비츠의 전쟁론 심층연구를 통하여 기술존중과 전승을 위한 공격적 전투수행의지가 담긴 정신전력의 절대 중요성을 강조한다. 4. 포슈 사상의 현대적 함의 : 전투정신이 실추된 군대에게 필승의 정신전력의 중요성을 각인시키는 것은 전장에서 대단히 중요한 일이고 높이 평가되어야 한다. 5. 결론 : 정신전력 등 무형전력의 중요성을 강조하는 포슈의 군사사상은 높이 평가하여 현대전은 필승의 정신전력과 최신의 정예무기활용의 균형적 조합이 최선의 결과를 초래한다는 교훈이 간과되어서는 안 된다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.223-277
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• 2019

명나라 궁정의 교방(敎坊)에 의해 편찬되고 공연된 잡극(雜劇) 텍스트를 중심으로, 궁정 공연의 통시적 변화 양상 및 민간과의 차별성에 주목하여 세시의례 속 '종규(鍾馗) 공연'의 특징을 면밀히 분석하였다. 중국의 민간신앙에서 '종규'는 사악한 기운을 물리치는 대표적 신령으로 간주되어, 주로 제석(除夕)이나 단오절(端午節)에 관련 의례와 공연이 거행되어 왔다. 그간 다양한 분야에서 폭넓은 연구가 수행되었음에도, 유일하게 궁정 잡극 텍스트가 남아 있는 명나라 교방에 의한 종규 공연 상황은 크게 주목받지 못하여 중국에서도 개괄적인 언급 속에서 간략히 다루어졌다. 따라서 명대 궁정교방 잡극에 드러나는 세시의례 속 종규 공연의 양상을 분석하고, 이와 차별성을 띠는 민간에서 전승되는 다양한 사례를 제시하였다. 궁정 잡극 텍스트 분석을 통해 '과거제도'와 신앙 통제를 고리로 하는 소위 교화(敎化)라 표현되는 황실 통치 이념의 구현 상황을 추출하였고, 이 잡극이 '종규 공연'을 포함한 버라이어티 한 퍼포먼스로의 특징을 띠고 있음을 밝혀내었다. 본 연구의 결과가 중국학 분야는 물론 국문학·연극학·무용학·민속학·종교학·인류학·미술학 등 연계 학문에도 긍정적 토대가 되기를 기대한다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제70호
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• pp.257-301
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 임진왜란 시기 합천지역의 의병활동과 합천지역의 전투를 조명하는 것이다. 이에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정인홍은 합천, 김면은 고령에서 의병 창의를 하게 되었다. 정인홍은 지피지기의 리더십을, 김면은 조화의 리더십을 발휘하여 의병을 이끌고 일본군에 대항하였다. 둘째, 정인홍 의병군의 전투는 1차 무계전투, 사원동 복병전투, 초계 마진전투, 안언전투, 3차 성주성전투이다. 김면 의병군의 전투는 연강전투, 개산포전투, 2차 무계전투, 우척현전투, 지례전투, 사랑암전투이다. 정인홍 김면이 연합하여 싸운 전투는 1차 성주성전투, 2차 성주성전투이었다. 정유재란시기 정인홍은 경상우도의 군량을 책임지는 조도사의 역할을 수행하였다. 아울러 합천지역은 일본군이 전라도로 들어가는 진입로이자 수송로였다. 셋째, 명군의 참전과 역할은 일본군을 조선에서 몰아내고 요동을 방어하는 이이제이의 전술과 함께 일본군을 대항하는 견제 장치의 한방편이었다. 1593년(선조 26) 1월 이여송의 평양성 전투 승전 이후, 명군은 적극적인 전투보다는 강화협상을 통한 실리를 추구하였다. 실제적으로 진주성전투가 벌어졌을 때, 명군의 유정 부대는 1593년 6월 말에 사천병의 단병무예를 가지고 입성하였으나, 경략 송응창과 제독 이여송의 명령을 기다려야 한다는 이유로 참여하지 않았다. 넷째, 임진왜란 시기 조선은 일본군의 침략과 명군의 군량미 원조 등 전국토가 폐허로 참담한 피해를 입었지만, 각 지역의 의병과 관군이 협력하여 일본군을 물리쳤다. 경상우도 합천지역의 사례를 통해 파악할 수 있었다. 특히 조선은 전쟁기간 중에 일본과의 강화와 전투의 두 가지 측면에서 전권을 행사하였던 명군의 압력에 굴복하지 않고, 주체성을 내세워 일본군과 끝까지 싸우겠다는 항전의지를 보임으로써 민족적 자신감과 긍지를 잃지 않았다. 이러한 정신문화는 향보와 근왕의식에서 비롯되었으며, 외세의 침략으로부터 나라를 지키고자 했던 지역공동체의 하나 된 마음과 정신이 승화된 민족의 저항정신이었다.