• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4251-4254
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• 2014

Background: Treatment of anemia is an important issue in the palliative care setting. Blood transfusion is generally used for this purpose in supportive care. However the place of blood transfusion in terminally ill cancer cases is less far established. Objective: We aimed to outline the use of transfusions and to find the impact of blood transfusion on survival in patients with advanced cancer and very near to death. Design: Patients dying in 2010-2011 with advanced cancer were included in the study. We retrospectively collected the data including age, type of cancer, the duration of last hospitalisation, ECOG performance status, Hb levels, transfusion history of erythrocytes and platelets, cause and the amount of transfusion. The anaemic patients who had transfusion at admission were compared with the group who were not transfused. Survival was defined as the time between the admission of last hospitalisation period and death. Results: Three hundred and ninety eight people with solid tumours died in 2010-2011 in our clinic. Ninety percent of the patients had anemia at the time of last hospitalisation. One hundred fifty three patients had erythrocyte transfusion at admission during the last hospitalisation period (38.4%). In the anaemic population the duration of last hospitalisation was longer in patients who had erythrocyte transfusion (15 days vs 8 days, p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients who had blood transfusion at the end of life lived significantly longer than the anaemic patients who were not transfused. This study remarks that blood transfusions should not be withheld from terminal cancer patients in palliative care.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the status of calcium intake and serum calcium level in perimenopausal women. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Daily nutrient intake and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by a convenient method and a food frequency questionnaire. At the same time, fasting blood samples were collected and serum calcium concentration was measured. The BMD of subjects was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Fifty percent of the subjects under 50 years of age ($\leq$49 yr group) and 66.9% of the subjects from 50 years and up ($\geq$50 yr group) were classified as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Intake of energy (p<0.001), protein (p<0.05), fat (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.01) was significantly different between $\leq$49 yr group and $\geq$50 yr group. Mean daily intake of calcium was much lower than the Korean RDA : 94.9% in $\leq$49 yr group and 87.4% in $\geq$50 yr group. The average concentration of total calcium in serum was within the normal range in $\leq$49 yr group. Serum calcium concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) different between $\leq$49 yr group and $\geq$50 yr group. It was noteworthy that serum calcium concentration was positively related to the intake of protein, fat and calcium. Lettuce, sea mustard, bean-curd, anchovy, radish and perilla leaf was included among the major sources of dietary calcium. Further investigation is necessary to make sure of the relations between BMD and serum calcium level and calcium intake.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Recently, Move Picture Files have the same file format and a compression technique as Window Media Video form. but Moving Pictures using file format and a compression technique have question about Motion blur and compressibility. In this paper, we design and Implement for new Move Picture Solution EZ-MOV using FLV different from developed FLV(Flash Video) in the Macromedia company. EZ-MOV have advantages as follow. first, FLV player is able to compact disk access time and DRM (Digital Rights Management) with a built-in self and unable to an illegal video recording, second, whenever WMV formal file encoded FLV are able to lossless compression to fifty percent, third, FLV is able to Moving Picture streaming no buffering. fourth, FLV file is able streaming service no streaming server. fifth, FLV file is able to streaming service keep pace with download and streaming. sixth, FLV file is able to full duplex service.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the equality between key words used in the Journal of Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Methods: A total of 666 English key words in 187 papers (average 3.5 words in a paper) from 2001 to 2014 were eligible for this study. We classified them according to matched, and non-matched terms. After descriptive analysis, we assayed patterns of errors in using MeSH, and reviewed frequently used non-MeSH terms. Results: Fifty nine point six percent (59.6%) of total key words were completely coincident with MeSH terms, 40.39% were not MeSH terms. Conclusions: The results show that the coincidence rate of key words with MeSH terms was at a moderate level. However, there is a need for us to understand MeSH more specifically and accurately. Use of proper key words aligned with the international standards such as MeSH is important to be properly cited. The authors should pay attention and be educated on correct use of MeSH as key words.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.5C
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• pp.500-505
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• 2002

In this paper, a novel architecture of programmable divider with fifty percent duty cycle output and programmable dividing number has been proposed. Through HSPICE simulation, a 900MHz frequency synthesizer with proposed frequency divider has designed in a standard 0.25$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology. To verify the operation of proposed frequency divider, a chip had been fabricated using 0.65$\mu\textrm{m}$ 2-poly, 3-metal standard CMOS processing and experimental result shows that the proposed frequency divider works well. The designed voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) has a center frequency of 900MHz, a tuning range of ${\pm}$10%, and a gain of 154MHz/V. The simulated frequency synthesizer performance has a settling time of 1.5${\mu}\textrm{s}$, a frequency range from 820MHz to 1GHz and power consumption of 70mW at 2.5V power supply voltage.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

This study aims to reveal what locational changes of foreign direct investment are prominent in Korea after the economic restructuring programs beginning in 1997. These locational changes would have some potential impacts on the local or national economy. One can expect that concentration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) would have intensified after the restructuring because the competitiveness focus would have led foreign investors to high potential areas. An analysis of the data on foreign-invested companies in the manufacturing sector shows that this expectation has come into reality. Within SMA, Seoul shows even bigger changes in the locational share than surrounding areas. Also prominent are increases of the locational share of the SMA in the electrical and electronic companies and in those companies with less than fifty percent investment share. But this pattern is not found distinctly by home country of investment.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.270-276
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• 1987

The fifty percent effective concentration (EC50) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of iprodione on the resistant isolates of Alternaria mali obtained from infected leaves in Kyeongsan region ranged $550\~1,310{\mu}g/ml$ and $33,800-39,800{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Conidia germination of the resistant isolates reached $70\%$ on PSA added with iprodione, $500{\mu}g/ml$ When treated with $500{\mu}g/ml$ iprodione soon after the inoculation the diameters of lesions on apple fruits 7days after inoculation with the resistant isolates were 1.6-14.6mm but no lesions appeared on those inoculated with the sensitive isolates. A similar trend of responses with the sensitive isolates was shown to benomyl, chlorothalonil, garbenda, thiophanatemethyl and triademefon with the resistant isolates. One isolate among the resistant ones was cross resistance to captan and folpet that were effective to the sensitive isolates.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.620-631
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• 2001

Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common complaints of cancer patients. In this study, we analyzed the change of fatigue level and general symptoms as time go by, so that, we could explain more on the mechanism and change of fatigue in relation with treatment, and explore the influencing factors. Method: The subjects of this study were 50 GI cancer patients who have visited the cancer center of A hospital in Suwon. We measured fatigue by using the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale(RPFS) at the time of starting and finishing induction chemotherapy, and starting the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy. Results: 1) The fatigue score was 2.81, 3.73, and 3.82 in a 10 point scale at the time of starting and finishing induction chemotherapy, and starting the 2nd chemotherapy, respectively. This means fatigue persisted until after the treatment. 2) Fifty two percent of participants complained of some kinds of symptoms when starting the treatment, and the proportion increased up to 92% when finishing the treatment. 3) Fatigue scores were significantly high in patients with fatigue-related symptoms than for patients without those symptoms. 4) Fatigue scores showed significant differences according to patients' general characteristics such as age, educational level, economic status, occupation, diagnosis, hematocrit, weight, and amount of sleepy. Conclusion: We have to develop intervention strategies to reduce fatigue in cancer patients in the consideration of influencing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.142-160
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate food sanitation status in elderly welfare facilities and assess the performance of food sanitation practices. Twenty elderly welfare facilities out of 85 located in Seoul with a capacity of fewer than 50 persons participated. The food sanitation status of worktable, kitchen utensils (knives, cutting boards, ladles, spoons), and tableware and bowls were examined by ATP bioluminescence. The results found that the ATP value of knife was the highest. Those of ladles appeared relatively higher than others. Meanwhile, the tableware and bowls, although washed everyday after meals, had the lowest ATP value. This study also conducted a survey on the food sanitation practices of 32 cooking employees in the 20 facilities. Fifty-six percent were in their 40s, and 53% had graduated from high school. More than half (66%) of them had no certification of cooking. Half of the respondents had worked for at least 5 years in food service facilities, and had received food sanitation training. Among them, 31% said they applied food sanitation training while working, and 47% responded the training was very helpful. The foodservice employees demonstrated good food sanitation practices. The results show that food sanitation performance of the workers significantly differed according to their age, education level, total work experience in food service facilities, chef certification, and prior food sanitation experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.170-182
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the upper body of women into several kind.; of somatotypes, using the method of Surgical Tape and making their shells. The subjects are 50 females 20 to 29 years-old. Fifty-one anthropometric data are measured per shell of body surface : eight somatotype factors are obtained through principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax, Somatotype of women's upper body is achieved by cluster analysis, using the standardized factor score a.: an independent variable and the FASTCLUS of SAS by Kmeans. The results are as follows : 1. The number of the factors which explain the somatotype is eight and these factors comprise 81.63 percent of total variance. Factor 1 related to the degree of fatness in the front of upper body Factor 2 related to the degree of fatness in the back of upper body Factor 3 . related to the length of the upper body Factor 4 : related to the type of the upper chest over the chest circmference line Factor 5 : related to the armhole and neck Factor 6 : related to the type of lower chest under the chest circumference line Factor 7: related to the part of the back shoulder Factor 8: related to the depth of front neck and side dart of front independently 2. Cluster analysis results in classification of upper body into five clusters. Cluster 1 : the of circumference i.: lager and that of length is longer than the average The louver part of chest is the lagest and widest among surface areas. Cluster 2 : the circumference is the smallest , the length and surface area are small. The upper and lower chest is small Cluster 3 : the length and surface area are the smallest , the circumference is average. The body line (silhouette) from chest to waist is curved slightly.