• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2011

There are numerous crashed deaths or near-miss accidents in everywhere. The outbreak place is not just developing countries such as India and Iran, but also leading countries including Japan and German. The crashed death of pedestrian seems to be an unavoidable accident. However, it was revealed in social psychology field that the accident can be treated as a kind of physical phenomenon. In this study, we apply discrete element method frequently used in the field of two-phase flow to pedestrian flow with collective behavior psychology. This approach is a field of social science and physics, called computational sociology. The acquired results show that emergency exit size can be related with the wall slope of the exit.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

The ambipolar behavior of tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) has been investigated quantitatively by introducing a novel parameter: ambipolarity factor (${\nu}$). It has been found that the malfunction of TFET can result from the ambipolar state which is not on- or off- state. Therefore, the effect of ambipolar behavior on the device performance should be parameterized quantitatively, and this has been successfully evaluated as a function of device structure, gate oxide thickness, supply voltage, drain doping concentration and body doping concentration by using ${\nu}$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.806-814
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the change in compressive strength, freacture behavior and degradation of piezoelectric properties with compressive cyclic loading in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 of tetragonal, morphotropic phase boundary and rhombohedral composition. The highest compressive strength was found in rhombohedral composition. After poling treatment the strength increased by 8.4% and 6.5% in tetragonal and morphotropic phase boundary compositions respectively while changed little in rhombohedral. The increase of compressive strength after poling treatment is believed to be due to the internal stress around grain boundary by domain alginment toward electric field direction in the microstructures having tetragonality and the occurrence of domain switching to the direction perpendicular to electrical field during fracture. Fracture mode relatively change from transgranular to intergranular was observed in the large grain sized tetragonal and morphotropic phase boundary compositions before and after poling but the transgranular fracture mode always remained in the rhombohedral composition. From the X-ray diffractometer analysis the domains parallel to the electric field direction is known to undergo rearrangement during the cyclic loading into random direction that is responsible for the degradation of piezoelectric property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.717-724
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• 2002

To investigate the behavior of air-shaft and existing tunnel by excavating the small-diameter shaft into the existing tunnel, prototype air-shaft was constructed and analyzed in this study. Geotechnical characterization was conducted by boring and rock cores obtained were tested in the laboratory. Field monitoring including radial and tangential stresses and displacements was conducted with the 3-dimensional numerical analysis of prototype air-shaft. Results of field monitoring were compared with the numerical results. The results showed that maximum displacement of 2.11mm and maximum tangential stress of 54.0 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were obtained during shaft excavation near the right shoulder of the existing tunnel. The comparison of these field measurements with 3-dimensional numerical analysis showed that much more higher stress was measured during excavation compared to the numerical results even though the trends of stress and displacement were similar.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2017

Changes in polarization and thermal expansion coefficients during temperature increase of a poled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) cube specimen switched by an electric field at room temperature are measured. The measured data are analyzed to construct governing differential equations for polarization and strain changes. By solving the differential equations, an experimental formula for the high temperature behavior of ferroelectric materials is obtained. It is found that the predictions by the formula are in good agreement with measures. From the viewpoint of macroscopic remnant state variables, it appears that the processes of electric field-induced switching at different temperatures are identical and independent of temperature between $20^{\circ}C$ and $110^{\circ}C$.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

The electrorheological effect of the suspension composed of Bismark Brown chitosan succinate as the dispersed phase in silicone oil was investigated. Bismark Brown chitosan succinate suspension showed a typical ER response (Bingham flow behavior) upon application of an electric field. The shear stress for the suspension exhibited the dependence with a factor equals to 1.84 power on the electric field. The experimental results for the suspension correlated with the polarization model and Bismark Brown chitosan succinate suspension behaved as an anhydrous ER fluid. On the basis of the results, Bismark Brown chitosan succinate suspension showed the ER flow behavior upon application of the electric field due to the polarizability of the branched amide and amine polar groups of the Bismark brown chitosan succinate particles.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.790-794
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• 1995

Differential equations governing dynamic behavior of toroid-shaped ferro-magnetic material having a small gap of uniform width were derived incorporating Maxwell equations of electromagnetic induction relevent to the system and Newtonian equation of motion. Once the external uniform magnetic field was applied within the material through dc-circuit around the toroid, gap begin to change which lead to the abrupt variation of field in the material and gap according to the differential equations already derived. Characteristics of current and electromotive force with respect to time in the circuit consisting of inductance and resistance in series could be predicted from numerical solutions of these equations. As current in the circuit increasesl, magnetic field in the material increases, thus, the gap starts to shrink due to increased attractive force between gap and elastic restoring force in the material. With an appropriate selection of elastic constant of toroidal ferromagnetic material and design of gap structure it is possible to obtain the specified in both linear and nonlinear magnetic characteristics, such as current dependent and independent inductance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.243-246
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• 1997

A new technique for low temperature crystallization of amorphous silicon, called field aided lateral crystallization(FALC) was attempted. To demonstrate the concept of FALC, thin layer of nickel(30${\AA}$) was deposited on top of amorphous silicon film and the electric field was applied during the crystallization. The effects of electric field on the crystallization behavior of amorphous silicon film were investigated.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.252-253
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• 2001

The purpose of this work is to investigate the dynamics of an atomic wave packet whose center-of-mass motion is quantized in a resonant standing wave cavity field. The mechanical aspect of the matter-field interaction has been extensively studied In the theme of atomic beam deflection, diffraction, or reflection by a standing-wave field. The effect caused in the behavior of spontaneous emission by the atomic center-of-mass motion, classical and quantized, in a standing wave cavity mode has been studied, and recently the one-atom laser with quantized atomic center-of-mass motion has been investigated. (omitted)

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.900-906
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• 2008

This study investigated factors influencing consumers' switching behavior in apparel purchasing situation. As customer switching behavior is getting more and more important, a considerable amount of researches have focused on how service providers acquire and sustain customers. The field of customers' switching behavior has been relatively well researched over the years, at least from the perspective of the cultural value(Chemyen). The purpose of this study is to understand customer' switching behavior to relationship benefits and Chemyeon. The sample was consisted on 182 females over 20 years old living in Ulsan and Gyungnam province. The data was analyzed by frequency, reliability, factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis. Findings showed that Chemyeon was shown to reduce customer' switching behavior. Also, three factors of relationship benefits(economic benefit, social·psychological benefit, and special treatment benefit) had negative effects on customer' switching behavior.