• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of lime for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no lime treatments (N, NPK, NPKC, and NPKS) and lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKC+L, and NPKS+L). The application of lime in addition to N, NPK, and NPKC tended to increase pH, exchangeable Ca, and available $SiO_2$. The input of mean annual $1,170Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of lime increased pH $0.0042yr^{-1}$, $0.0062yr^{-1}$, $0.0127yr^{-1}$, and $0.0041yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKS+L, and NPKC+L) compared with no treatments (N, NPK, NPKS, and NPKC), respectively. The mean annual Ca field balance varied from 169 to $561kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$in no treatments, from 871 to $1,263kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments, indicating that Ca was accumulated in the soils. The mean annual Ca field balance in silicate fertilizer treatments (NPKS, NPKS+L) were higher than that of other treatments because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Grain yield of rice had no significant differences between no lime treatments and lime treatments. Thus the application of lime led to changes in soil chemical properties but had no impact on the production of rice.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the forage productivity and nutritive value of kenaf at different fertilizer application amounts and various stages of maturity. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020, the amount of 80 kg of kenaf seed/ha was supplied with different types and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and the plants were harvested at 10-day intervals from different harvesting dates (24^th August and 3^rd, 13^th, 23^rd September). According to the different fertilizer types and application amounts, the highest kenaf height was recorded in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 200 and 250 kg N/ha and the fresh and DM yield were significantly improved in the inorganic nitrogen amount of 250 kg N/ha. The highest CP and TDN content in the leaf was achieved in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 150 and 200 kg N/ha, respectively; and the highest TDN content in the stem was also found in the inorganic fertilizer amount of 200 kg N/ha. According to the different harvesting dates, the highest DM ratio was found in the harvesting date of 13th September, the leaf ratio increased with advanced maturity, whereas the stem ratio decreased significantly and the highest DM yield of kenaf was recorded in the harvesting dates of 13^th and 23^rd September. Besides, the highest CP, CF, CA, ADF, NDF and TDN content in the leaf as influenced by different harvesting dates was 15.4, 31.8, 10.2, 22.1, 34.7 and 76.5%, respectively, and the CP, CA, ADF and TDN in stem decreased significantly with advanced maturity of kenaf. In conclusion, the optimal fertilizer amounts and the appropriate harvesting dates for a high forage yield and high-quality kenaf as livestock feed were the inorganic fertilizer application amounts of 200-250 kg N/ha and from 13^th and 23^rd September, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Sustainability index was calculated to determine the best management for rice productivity under long-term inorganic fertilizer management's practices. It is based on nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index related to sustainability as soil function. Indicators for calculating sustainability index were selected by the comparison of soil properties and rice response in paddy soil with fertilization. Total twenty two indicators were determined to assess nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index in order to compare the effect of different fertilization. The indices were applied to assess the sustainability with different inorganic fertilizer treatments such as control, N, NK, NP, NPK, NPK+Si, and NPK+Compost. The long-term application of compost with NPK was the highest sustainability index value because it increased nutrient index, microbial index and crop index. The use of chemical fertilizers resulted in poor soil microbial index and crop index, but the treatments like NP, NPK, and NPK+Si were maintained sustainability in paddy soil. These results indicate that application of organic and chemical fertilizer could be a good management to improve rice sustainability in paddy soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting frequency and level of fertilizer application on the botanical composition and forage yield of alpine pasture. Field experiment was established at 600 m (a.s.1) altitude with two cutting frequency schedules (two and three times annually) and two levels of fertilizer application (lower level of fertilizer, 200-200-200 kg / ha and standard level of fertilizer, 280-200-240 kg / ha; N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$, respectively). Higher grass to clover ratio was observed in two cutting frequencies. The clover ratio was highest as $16\%$ in thee cutting frequencies with lower level of fertilizer application End the ratio of weed was low in all treatments ($3.7 {\~} 6.7\%$). No significant difference was observed in forage dry matter (DM) yield among treatments, however forage DM yield in three cutting frequencies tended to be greater in standard level of fertilizer application compared to lower level of fertilizer application. The forage quality was greater in three cutting frequencies, but not changed with different levels of fertilizer application. This result indicates that three cutting frequency and standard level of fertilizer application system are considered to be proper management methods at alpine grassland of 600 m altitude considering the botanical composition, forage DM yield md forage quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1998

In order to fad out an efficient way of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in mulch-cropping system of onion(Allium cepa L.), solid, slow-release, and liquid forms of nitrogen fertilizers were allied to cv. 'Changnyungdaego' various number of times at different time, with 5 topdress applications of solid fertilizer serving as a control. Whole basal application of conventional solid fertilizer and 2 slow-release fertilizers were labor-saving and showed improved storage quality of bulbs, but resulted in poor plant growth and considerably low yield due to fertilizer shortage from early April. This suggests that topdress application is necessary. Liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer was more effective for plant growth and yield and saving labor than the solid form. Early applications was effective for increasing yield and storage quality of onion bulbs harvested. Thus two applications of liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer in February and March at rome month interval are recommended in mulch crowing system of onion.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.340-350
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2005

Previous studies showed that shell meal fertilizer from the oyster farming industry could be a potential inorganic soil amendment to increase Chinese cabbage productivity and to restore the soil nutrient balance in upland soil (Lee et al., 2004). Herein, shell meal fertilizer was applied at rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, and $16Mg\;ha^{-1}$ to upland soil (Pyeontaeg series, Fine silty, Typic Endoaquepts) for Chinese cabbage cultivation. We found available phosphate increased significantly with shell meal fertilizer application, due to high content of phosphate ($1.5g\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$) in the applied shell meal fertilizer. In addition, high pH of shell meal fertilizer contributed to increase available phosphate content by neutralization of acidic soil. Total and residual P contents increased significantly with increasing shell meal fertilizer application, but we could not find any tendency in organic and inorganic P fraction. Of extractable P fraction, water-soluble phosphorus (W-P) and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) contents increased significantly with increasing application level. By contrast, aluminum and iron-bound P (Al-P and Fe-P) decreased slightly with shell meal application. The present experiment indicated that shell meal fertilizer had a positive benefit on increasing available phosphate content in arable soil. And so the increased available phosphate by shell meal fertilizer may decrease phosphate application level and then reduce phosphorus loss in arable soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

To promote the practical use of livestock manure compost (LC) for paddy rice cultivation, the fertilization efficiency of nutrients in LCs was investigated compared to that of chemical fertilizer. This experiment was conducted at rice field in Hwaseong, Korea, with 6 treatments by each of 3 kinds of tested LCs, cattle manure compost (CaC), swine manure compost (SwC) and chicken manure compost (ChC). The treatments consisted of 3 application levels of LCs and 3 chemical fertilizer treatments having the same application levels with LCs. $NH_4$-N content in soil became higher according to the increase in the urea application rate, while it became lower in LC plots than in urea plots, and statistically had no significant difference among LC plots. There was a close relationship between phosphate fertilization rate and the increment of soil available phosphate content after experiment resulting y = 0.1788x - 6.169 ($R^2=0.9425$) when applied fused superphosphate fertilizer, and y = 0.0662x - 2.689 ($R^2=0.9315$) when applied LC at the equivalent rates to phosphate input (x: phosphate application rate, kg $ha^{-1}$, y: increment in soil available phosphate content, mg $kg^{-1}$). And from these two equations, the correlation on the phosphate application rate between fused superphosphate fertilizer and LC could be obtained as y = 2.7056x - 52.492 (x: $P_2O_5$ application rate of fused superphosphate, kg $ha^{-1}$, y: $P_2O_5$ application rate of LC, kg $ha^{-1}$). Plant height, number of tillers, nutrients uptake by rice, and rice yield showed higher levels in N 100% and N 150% application plots of chemical fertilizers, while every LC plots exhibited lower values and no significant difference among them. Relative nitrogen fertilization efficiencies of LCs compared to urea was 12.3% for CaC, 8.8 for SwC and 24.6 for ChC, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 1991

With a purpose of finding out the effects of cattle slurry applicatioin on the dry matter yield, yield component, and botanical composition in the mixed sward, a field experiment was conducted with two times and five levels of cattle slurry application. The experimental field was laid.out in a split-plot design with three replications, and lasted from September. 1986 to October, 1990 at the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At each harvest time, the plant growth of the plots with cattle slurry application was slightly worse when compared to dressing of mineral fertilizer. 2. Average dry matter yield for 4 years was not significantly different between the slurry application times, just after cutting, and 15 days after cutting, The DM yield in the plot with cattle slurry 30 m!/ha and mineral fertilizer(9,095 kg/ha) and with cattle slurry 60 m1/ha and mineral fertilizer(8, 987 kg/ha) were decreased by 8% and 10% than that of the plot with mineral fertilizer application(9,937 kg/ha), respectively. 3. The DM yield component of the plots with cattle slurry application just after cutting was much better when compared to manuring 15 days after cutting. And it was much better in the plot with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer which was composed of 73.8% grasses(6.636 kg/ha). 24.6% legumes (2,207 kdha) and 1.6% weeds(144 kdha). 4. In general, the botanical composition was relatively good in the plots with slurry application just after cutting. Grassland vegetation of the plots with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer was changed into much better botanical composition with 66.8% grasses, 30.2% legumes and 3. 1% weeds at the end of the experiment.xperiment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

The Project supporting organic fertilizer started in 1999 as a national policy. In farmhouse, over application of mixed organic compound fertilizer(OC) caused salt accumulation in plastic film house soil. To replace inorganic fertilizer with OC fertilizer, this study was investigated the effect of OC application on yield and soil chemical properties for lettuce cultivation in plastic film house. The OC fertilizer was applied at 50(OC50+N50), 100(OC100), and 150(OC150) % level of the basal amount of nitrogen fertilizer in soil testing recommendation. And these were compared to NPK(nitrogen, phosphat, and potash fertilizer) and PK treatment. The yield of lettuce in OC100 was similar to that of NPK treatment. In OC 50, 100 and 150 treatments, pH had a tendency to increase than that of NPK treatment. Nitrate nitrogen(NO₃-N) and electrical conductivity(EC) were similar to NPK treatment. These showed that nutrients from OC fertilizer were less likely to accumulate in soil than NPK. Also, use efficiency of nitrogen in OC100 treatment were similar to NPK treatment. These results suggest that OC application as the basal dressing at the 100% level could be best to prevent a nutrient accumulation of soil and to increase the yield and commercial quality for lettuce.