• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1987

${\alpha}$-Ferric Hydrous Oxide and ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide were obtained as following processes that Ferric Nitrate solution was adjusted to pH 6-8 with Ammonium Hydroxide, refluxed the Iron precipitate for 1 hr. at 80$^{\circ}C$, washed it with water and Methanol (95%), dried it to obtain ${\alpha}$-Ferric Hydrous Oxide at 60$^{\circ}C$, and then heated in atmosphere to prepare ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide for 1 hr. at 450$^{\circ}C$. Mica particles cleaned with ultrasonicator (45KHz) in water were mixed with Ferric Nitrate solution and treated it to adsorb ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide on the surface of mica particles by using the abovementioned processes, but the heated temperature was at 500$^{\circ}C$. The maximum wavelength of reflected light on the surface of mica-${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide (50%) was appeared at 546nm but -Ferric Oxide free mica only was at 436 nm. The maximum wavelength was shifted to longer when the weight ratios of ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide to mica was changed from 1% to 50%.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2012

하수처리시 사용하는 무기 응집제인 알럼과 철염이 지렁이 개체군에 미치는 생태독성학적인 영향을 평가하였다. 여지접촉법에 의한 급성독성 평가에서 Alum과 Ferric chloride의 줄지렁이에 대한 반수치 사농도(LC50)는 각각 457.4 mg $kg^{-1}$, 1,665.2 mg $kg^{-1}$로 Alum의 독성이 Ferric chloride보다 강한것으로 나타났다. Alum은 줄지렁이 산란수, 부화율, 난포당 부화개체수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. Ferric chloride의 경우 난포당 부화개체수에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 산란수와 부화율을 감소시켰다. Alum 또는 Ferric chloride를 첨가한 먹이를 공급한 줄지렁이는 차세대 발육 유충수가 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 무기응집제인 Alum과 Ferric chloride가 함유된 슬러지를 지렁이에게 급이할 경우 이것들이 줄지렁이 개체군 사멸현상을 유발하는 원인물질중 하나일 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1976

The properties vary with quality of ferric-oxide that is major material of ferrites. In this point of view, a manufacturing method of pure and homogeneous fine ferric oxide is very important. The characters of this study are as follows: 1) Ferric oxide was made from waste pickling liquor of steel. 2) The crude ferric-oxide that is made by roasting the pickling liquor was dissolved in 20% HCI solution and then produced ferric chloride is purified by ethyl ether extraction. 3) The methanol solution of purified ferric chloride was sprayed into the refractory tube with compressed air and propane gas and then ignited leading to the ferric-oxide powder. 4) The produced oxide powder was introduced to the scrubber type vessel throught cooling system in order to collect the powder. 5) Crystalline phase of the powder was identified by X-ray diffraction and particle size, crystalline shape of the powder were investigated by settling method and electron microscope and the effects of concentration of ferric chloride in methanol on grain size were discussed. Results were obtained as fellows: 1) Total impurity in the ferric oxide produced from waste pickling liquor was 3.7%. 2) The solubilityof crude ferric oxide that was made from waste pickling liquor in HCI solution increased with the HCI concentration and reached to saturation range at 15% HCI concentration. 3) Extraction of FeCl3 increased with HCI concentration which is solvent. 4) Alpha ferric oxide obtained was very fine crystalline particles, the mean crystalline grain increased with the concentration of ferric chloride, and mean grain size distributed from 3.5$\mu$(at 0.5mole/l) to 0.5$\mu$(at 0.05mole/l).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2017

Adsorption kinetics of aqueous ferric ion ($Fe^{3+}$) onto bio-natural rice grains (BRG) have been studied in a batch system. The influence of contact time (0-180 minutes), the dosage of BRG adsorbent (10, 20, 40, and $60gL^{-1}$), and ambient temperature (27, 37, 47, and $57^{\circ}C$) for the adsorption system have been reported. The equilibrium time achieved after 20 minutes of adsorption contact time. The maximum removal of ferric ion is 99% by using $60gL^{-1}$ of BRG, $T=37^{\circ}C$, and $50mgL^{-1}$ ferric ion solution. Adsorption kinetic and diffusion models, such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Weber-Morris intra-particle diffusion model, have been used to describe the adsorption rate and mechanism of the ferric ion onto BRG surface. The sorption data results are fitted by Lagergren pseudo-second order model ($R^2=1.0$). The kinetic parameters, rate constant, and sorption capacities have been calculated. The new information in this study suggests that BRG could adsorb ferric ion from water physiosorption during the first 5 minutes. Afterward, the electrostatic interaction between ferric ion and BGR-surface could take place as a very weak chemisorptions process. Thus, there is no significant change could be noticed in the FTIR spectra after adsorption. I recommend producing BGR as a bio-natural filtering material for removing the ferric ion from water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

A lactic acid bacterium capable of anaerobic respiration was isolated from soil with ferric iron-containing glucose basal medium and identified as L. garvieae by using 16S rDNA sequence homology. The isolate reduced ferric iron, nitrate, and fumarate to ferrous iron, nitrite, and succinate, respectively, under anaerobic $N_2$ atmosphere. Growth of the isolate was increased about 30-39% in glucose basal medium containing nitrate and fumarate, but not in the medium containing ferric iron. Specifically, metabolic reduction of nitrate and fumarate is thought to be controlled by the specific genes fnr, encoding FNR-like protein, and nir, regulating fumarate-nitrate reductase. Reduction activity of ferric iron by the isolate was estimated physiologically, enzymologically, and electrochemically. The results obtained led us to propose that the isolate metabolized nitrate and fumarate as an electron acceptor and has specific enzymes capable of reducing ferric iron in coupling with anaerobic respiration.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

치수절단술은 유치의 치수치료 방법 중 사용빈도가 높은 시술 중 하나로 치수절단 술식에 사용되는 약제는 치수나 주위조직에 무해하여야 하며, 감염이나 내흡수 등의 부작용이 없어야 한다. 본 연구는 임상에서 유치의 지혈적 치수절단 술식의 약제로 사용되는 ferric sulfate의 유전자 독성을 평가할 목적으로 human gingival fibroblast에 ferric sulfate를 다양한 농도와 접촉시간을 설정한 후 comet assay를 이용하여 유전자 독성을 평가하여 보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 농도에 따른 세포의 유전자 손상정도의 변화는 ferric sulfate의 농도에 비례하여 유전자 손상이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 2. 농도에 따른 세포의 유전자 손상정도는 0.1mM 이상의 농도에서 대조군과 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 3. 시간경과에 따른 세포의 유전자 독성의 변화는 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 성견 치아에서 ferric sulfate로 치수절단술을 시행하고 상부 이장재의 영향을 최소화한 후에 잔존 치수 조직 반응을 formocresol을 사용한 군과 조직병리학적으로 비교 평가하는 것이다. 생후 $6\sim7$개월, 체중 $10\sim12Kg$ 정도의 성견 5마리의 전치 40개에 5급 와동을 형성하여 치수절단술을 시행하였다. 치수를 formocresol과 ferric sulfate를 이용하여 복조를 시행하고 IRM으로 밀봉하였다. 실험동물은 3일, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주 후에 관류 고정하여 희생되었으며, 표본을 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Ferric sulfate군과 formocresol군 모두에서 치수절단술 후에 염증 반응을 보였지만 ferric sulfate군에서 현저히 감소된 염증 양상과 빠른 치수조직 회복소견을 보였다. 2. Ferric sulfate군에서 치수절단술 후 치수 측벽의 상아모세포의 배열 양상은 초기에는 치관부 1/3에 불규칙한 배열양상을 나타내었지만 2주 후부터는 대체로 회복된 양상을 보였다 그러나 formocresol군에서는 불규칙한 배열양상이 실험기간 동안 지속되었다. 3. 치근을 따라 넓고 길게 형성된 수복상아질층이 formocresol군 8주의 1개 치아에서 나타났으며 상아질교의 형성은 ferric sulfate군 8주의 2개 치아에서 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.715-722
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• 2014

Effects of coagulation types on flocculation were investigated by using a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) as an on-line monitoring technique in this study. Nakdong River water were used and alum and ferric chloride were used as coagulants. The aim of this study is to compare the coagulation characteristics of alum and ferric chloride by a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA). Floc growing rates ($R_v$) in three different water temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$) and coagulants doses (0.15 mM, 0.20 mM and 0.25 mM as Al, Fe) were measured. The floc growing rate ($R_v$) by alum was 1.8~2.8 times higher than that of ferric chloride during rapid mixing period, however, for 0.15 mM~0.25 mM coagulant doses the floc growing rate ($R_v$) by ferric chloride was 1.1~2.3 times higher than that of alum in the slow mixing period at $16^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Reasonable coagulant doses of alum and ferric chloride for turbidity removal were 0.1 mM (as Al) and 0.2 mM (as Fe), respectively, and the removal efficiency of those coagulant doses showed 94% for alum and 97% for ferric chloride. The appropriate coagulant dose of alum and ferric chloride for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed about 0.3 mM (as Al, Fe) and at this dosage, DOC removal efficiencies were 36% and 44%, and ferric chloride was superior to the alum for removal of the DOC in water.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2010

W/O/W multiple emulsion의 산화에 미치는 surfactant micelle의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 W/O/W multiple emulsion에서 continuous phase로 전이되는 ferric iron의 양과 hydroperoxide의 양을 측정한 결과, continuous phase로 전이된 ferric iron과 hydroperoxide의 양은 첨가한 과량의 surfactant micelle에 의해, 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하였다. Ferric iron을 함유한 W/O/W multiple emulsion의 지방산화 정도는 hydroperoxide와 TBA값 및 headspace hexanal을 측정하여 살펴본 결과 과량의 surfactant에 의해 산화는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 첨가된 과량의 surfactant에 의해 W/O/W multiple emulsion에서 prooxidant로 작용하는 ferric iron의 위치가 변화되어 산화를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.807-810
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• 2008

영가철(ZVI)를 사용하는 투수성 반응벽체(PRB, Permeable reactive barrier)는 TCE(Trichloroethylene)와 같은 난분해성 유기물질이 포함된 지하수를 처리하는데 사용될 수 있다. 여기서 ZVI(Zero-valent iron)가 Ferric iron으로 산화되면서 TCE를 ethene으로 환원시킨다. Ferric iron으로 변화된 iron은 환원과정을 통해 Ferrous iron으로 다시 재생을 시켜야 PRB의 처리수명을 연장시킬 수 있다. Ferric iron을 Ferrous iron으로 환원시키기 위해서 철환원 박테리아(IRB, Iron-reducing bacteria)를 이용한다. 이번 연구에서는 IRB가 Ferric iron을 환원시키기 위해서 Ferric iron을 용해를 한다는 concept으로 실험을 해보았다. 실험은 증류수(DI water, De-ionized water), DI-water에 배지를 포함한 용액, 그리고 DI-water에 배지 및 IRB가 포함된 용액, 이 3가지 조건으로 수행했다. 실험결과 $Fe^{3+}$의 용해가 IRB가 포함된 용액, 배지가 포함된 용액, 증류수 순으로 잘 되는 것으로 나타났다.