• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 1987

${\alpha}$-Ferric Hydrous Oxide and ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide were obtained as following processes that Ferric Nitrate solution was adjusted to pH 6-8 with Ammonium Hydroxide, refluxed the Iron precipitate for 1 hr. at 80$^{\circ}C$, washed it with water and Methanol (95%), dried it to obtain ${\alpha}$-Ferric Hydrous Oxide at 60$^{\circ}C$, and then heated in atmosphere to prepare ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide for 1 hr. at 450$^{\circ}C$. Mica particles cleaned with ultrasonicator (45KHz) in water were mixed with Ferric Nitrate solution and treated it to adsorb ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide on the surface of mica particles by using the abovementioned processes, but the heated temperature was at 500$^{\circ}C$. The maximum wavelength of reflected light on the surface of mica-${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide (50%) was appeared at 546nm but -Ferric Oxide free mica only was at 436 nm. The maximum wavelength was shifted to longer when the weight ratios of ${\alpha}$-Ferric Oxide to mica was changed from 1% to 50%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of Alum and Ferric chloride on the population of Eisenia fetida in vermicomposting of sewage sludge. Using contact filter toxicity test, it was shown that LC50 of Alum and Ferric chloride on adult Eisenia fetida were 457.4 mg $kg^{-1}$ and 1,665.2 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively,which meant Ferric chloride had much higher acute toxicity on earthworm than Alum. Alum didn't affect on cocoon production, hatchability and number of hatched larvae of Eisenia fetida. Ferric chloride didn't have any efects on number of hatched larvae per cocoon, but reduced cocoon production and hatchability. Larval density of next generation was reduced by the food containing Alum and Ferric chloride. Above results indicated that the Alum and Ferric chloride could be one of the hazardous materials that made extinction of earthworm population when the sewage sludge treated with Alum and Ferric chloride was supplied to the earthworms.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1976

The properties vary with quality of ferric-oxide that is major material of ferrites. In this point of view, a manufacturing method of pure and homogeneous fine ferric oxide is very important. The characters of this study are as follows: 1) Ferric oxide was made from waste pickling liquor of steel. 2) The crude ferric-oxide that is made by roasting the pickling liquor was dissolved in 20% HCI solution and then produced ferric chloride is purified by ethyl ether extraction. 3) The methanol solution of purified ferric chloride was sprayed into the refractory tube with compressed air and propane gas and then ignited leading to the ferric-oxide powder. 4) The produced oxide powder was introduced to the scrubber type vessel throught cooling system in order to collect the powder. 5) Crystalline phase of the powder was identified by X-ray diffraction and particle size, crystalline shape of the powder were investigated by settling method and electron microscope and the effects of concentration of ferric chloride in methanol on grain size were discussed. Results were obtained as fellows: 1) Total impurity in the ferric oxide produced from waste pickling liquor was 3.7%. 2) The solubilityof crude ferric oxide that was made from waste pickling liquor in HCI solution increased with the HCI concentration and reached to saturation range at 15% HCI concentration. 3) Extraction of FeCl3 increased with HCI concentration which is solvent. 4) Alpha ferric oxide obtained was very fine crystalline particles, the mean crystalline grain increased with the concentration of ferric chloride, and mean grain size distributed from 3.5$\mu$(at 0.5mole/l) to 0.5$\mu$(at 0.05mole/l).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2017

Adsorption kinetics of aqueous ferric ion ($Fe^{3+}$) onto bio-natural rice grains (BRG) have been studied in a batch system. The influence of contact time (0-180 minutes), the dosage of BRG adsorbent (10, 20, 40, and $60gL^{-1}$), and ambient temperature (27, 37, 47, and $57^{\circ}C$) for the adsorption system have been reported. The equilibrium time achieved after 20 minutes of adsorption contact time. The maximum removal of ferric ion is 99% by using $60gL^{-1}$ of BRG, $T=37^{\circ}C$, and $50mgL^{-1}$ ferric ion solution. Adsorption kinetic and diffusion models, such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Weber-Morris intra-particle diffusion model, have been used to describe the adsorption rate and mechanism of the ferric ion onto BRG surface. The sorption data results are fitted by Lagergren pseudo-second order model ($R^2=1.0$). The kinetic parameters, rate constant, and sorption capacities have been calculated. The new information in this study suggests that BRG could adsorb ferric ion from water physiosorption during the first 5 minutes. Afterward, the electrostatic interaction between ferric ion and BGR-surface could take place as a very weak chemisorptions process. Thus, there is no significant change could be noticed in the FTIR spectra after adsorption. I recommend producing BGR as a bio-natural filtering material for removing the ferric ion from water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

A lactic acid bacterium capable of anaerobic respiration was isolated from soil with ferric iron-containing glucose basal medium and identified as L. garvieae by using 16S rDNA sequence homology. The isolate reduced ferric iron, nitrate, and fumarate to ferrous iron, nitrite, and succinate, respectively, under anaerobic $N_2$ atmosphere. Growth of the isolate was increased about 30-39% in glucose basal medium containing nitrate and fumarate, but not in the medium containing ferric iron. Specifically, metabolic reduction of nitrate and fumarate is thought to be controlled by the specific genes fnr, encoding FNR-like protein, and nir, regulating fumarate-nitrate reductase. Reduction activity of ferric iron by the isolate was estimated physiologically, enzymologically, and electrochemically. The results obtained led us to propose that the isolate metabolized nitrate and fumarate as an electron acceptor and has specific enzymes capable of reducing ferric iron in coupling with anaerobic respiration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

Although ferric sulfate has been proposed as an alternative to formocresol in pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth, it has been given little concern regarding its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro genotoxic effect of a ferric sulfate on human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF-1). DNA damage was evaluated using comet assay (single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis) and obtained the results as follows: 1. A dose-response relationship was found between ferric sulfate concentrations (0 to 5mM) and DNA damages. 2. Above the concentration of 0.1mM, DNA damage was significantly increased than those of the control (p<0.05). 2. At the fixed concentration of 0.05mM, no significant difference was found between exposure time and DNA damage. These findings suggest that ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent can induce DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.333-343
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ferric sulfate and formocresol as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized teeth of dogs. 40 teeth of 5 dogs, weighting 10kg. were used in this study. The animals were sacrificed at the intervals of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days for histopathologic evaluation. The specimens were observed by the light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. Inflammatory response was observed in both groups, but pulp tissue of ferric sulfate group was showed lesser inflammatory degree and more rapid recovery than that of formocresol group. 2. In ferric sulfate group odontoblasts showed irregular arrangement pattern at initial stage and returned to regular pattern after 2 weeks. But in formocresol group. continued irregular pattern of odontoblast was observed during experimental period. 3. Reparative dentin was produced widely along the canal in one specimen of formocresol group at 8 weeks and dentinal bridge was formed in two specimens of ferric sulfate group at 8 weeks.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.715-722
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• 2014

Effects of coagulation types on flocculation were investigated by using a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) as an on-line monitoring technique in this study. Nakdong River water were used and alum and ferric chloride were used as coagulants. The aim of this study is to compare the coagulation characteristics of alum and ferric chloride by a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA). Floc growing rates ($R_v$) in three different water temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$) and coagulants doses (0.15 mM, 0.20 mM and 0.25 mM as Al, Fe) were measured. The floc growing rate ($R_v$) by alum was 1.8~2.8 times higher than that of ferric chloride during rapid mixing period, however, for 0.15 mM~0.25 mM coagulant doses the floc growing rate ($R_v$) by ferric chloride was 1.1~2.3 times higher than that of alum in the slow mixing period at $16^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Reasonable coagulant doses of alum and ferric chloride for turbidity removal were 0.1 mM (as Al) and 0.2 mM (as Fe), respectively, and the removal efficiency of those coagulant doses showed 94% for alum and 97% for ferric chloride. The appropriate coagulant dose of alum and ferric chloride for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed about 0.3 mM (as Al, Fe) and at this dosage, DOC removal efficiencies were 36% and 44%, and ferric chloride was superior to the alum for removal of the DOC in water.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of surfactant micelles on lipid oxidation in W/O/W multiple emulsions. The content of ferric irons and hydroperoxide in the continuous phase in W/O/W multiple emulsions was measured as a function of Brij micelle. The concentration of ferric iron and hydroperoxide in the continuous phase increased with increased storage time (1~6 days). Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, TBARs and headspace hexanal, in the W/O/W multiple emulsions containing ferric iron decreased when 3% surfactant micelles were exceeded. These results indicate that excess surfactant micelles could alter the physical location and prooxidant activity of iron in W/O/W multiple emulsions.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.807-810
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• 2008

Permeable reactive barriers containing Zero-valent iron (ZVI) are used to purify ground-water contaminants. One of the representative contaminant is trichloroethylene (TCE). ZVI can act as a reducing agent of TCE. When ZVI is oxidized to Ferric iron, TCE reduced to Ethene, which is non-harmful matter. As a ZVI becomes ferric iron, the reducing effect decreases and iron becomes unavailable. So, constant reduction of TCE requires the regular supply of reducing agent. So, we use Iron-reducing bacteria(IRB) to extend the TCE degrading ability. We perform three experiment DI water, DI water with medium, and DI water with medium and IRB. By the experiment we try to found the dissolve ability.